Inthissection,youwillhearamini-lecture.YouwillhearthelectureONCEONLY.Whilelistening,takenotesontheimportantpoints.Yournoteswillnotbemarked,butyouwillneedthemtocompleteagap-fillingtaskafterthemini-lecture.Whenthelectureisover,youwillbegiventwominutestocheckyournotes,andanothertenminutestocompletethegap-fillingtaskonANSWERSHEETONE,usingnomorethanthreewordsineachgap.Makesuretheword(s)youfillinis(are)bothgrammaticallyandsemanticallyacceptable.Youmayrefertoyournoteswhilecompletingthetask.Usetheblanksheetfornote-taking.Nowlistentothemini-lecture.
听力部分SectionBinterview
SECTIONBINTERVIEW
InthissectionyouwillheareverythingONCEONLY.Listencarefullyandthenanswerthequestionsthatfollow.MarkthecorrectanswertoeachquestiononANSWERSHEETTWO.
Questions1to5arebasedonaninterview.Attheendoftheinterviewyouwillbegiven10secondstoanswereachofthefollowingfivequestions.
Nowlistentotheinterview.
[A]Todrawattentiontotherefugeecrisis.
[B]TolookafterrefugeesinIraq.
[C]ToworkforU.N.H.C.R.
[D]Toworkoutaplanforrefugees.
2.FromtheinterviewweknowthatAngelina_________.
[A]wasstronglyopposedtoofficials’opinions
[B]thoughtyoungkidsshouldbegivenpriority
[C]wasmuchworriedaboutthelackofaction
[D]proposedthatpoliciesbemadepromptly
3.WhichofthefollowingBESTexplainswhattheglobalcommunityshoulddo
[A]Tosupervisetheconstructionofschools.
[B]Totakepromptandeffectiveactions.
[C]Toprovidewaterandpowersupply.
[D]Topreventinstabilityandaggression.
4.AccordingtoAngelina,whatisthekeyissueinsolvingtherefugeeproblem
[A]ThecurrentsituationinIraq.
[B]ThepoliticsintheMiddleEast
[C]Refugeesreturningtonormallife.
[D]Internationalanddomesticefforts.
5.AngelinasawhertriptoIraqsignificantbecauseshecould_________.
[A]helpothersknowwheretheproblemswere
[B]helpbringNGOsbacktotheregion
[C]talktodifferentpeoplethere
[D]readtheofficialpapers
听力部分SectionCnewsbroadcast
SECTIONCNEWSBROADCAST
Question6isbasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbegiven10secondstoanswerthequestion.
Nowlistentothenews.
6.Whatisthemainideaofthenewsitem
[B]CancellationofflightsatRomeAirport
[D]ExpectedchangesofWindJet’sflightdestinations.
Question7and8arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbegiven20secondstoanswerthequestion.
7.WhatdidtheresearchersdiscoverinnorthernKenya
[A]Ahumantooth.
[B]Ahumanskull.
[C]Threespeciesofhumans.
[D]Threehumanfossils.
8.Whatwasthesignificanceofthediscovery
[A]ThefindingswerepublishedinNature.
[B]Itsupportedanexistingassumption.
[C]Mostresearchquestionswereanswered.
[D]Moreresearcheffortswereencouraged.
Questions9and10arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbegiven20secondstoanswerthequestions.
9.Theairportoriginallydecidedtocoveruptheposterbecause__________
[A]someinternationaltravellerscomplained
[B]theartexhibitionwastobepostponed
[C]otherartistsworkswereabsentfromads
[D]real-lifemodelswouldappearonthescene
10.WhatwasthereactionoftheNationalGalleriesofScotland
[A]Horrified.
[B]Indignant.
[C]Surprised.
[D]Outraged.
阅读部分TextA-D
PARTIIREADINGCOMPREHENSION(30MIN)
Inthissectiontherearefourreadingpassagesfollowedbeatotalof20multiple-choicequestions.ReadthepassagesandthenmarkthebestanswertoeachquestiononANSWERSHEERTWO.
TEXTA
MyclassatHarvardBusinessSchoolhelpsstudentsunderstandwhatgoodmanagementtheoryisandhowitisbuilt.Ineachsession,welookatonecompanythroughthelensesofdifferenttheories,usingthemtoexplainhowthecompanygotintoitssituationandtoexaminewhatactionwillyieldtheneededresults.Onthelastdayofclass,Iaskedmyclasstoturnthosetheoreticallensesonthemselvestofindanswerstotwoquestions:First,HowcanIbesureI’llbehappyinmycareerSecond,howcanIbesuremyrelationshipswithmyspouseandmyfamilywillbecomeanenduringsourceofhappinessHerearesomemanagementtoolsthatcanbeusedtohelpyouleadapurposefullife.
1.UseYourResourcesWisely.Yourdecisionsaboutallocatingyourpersonaltime,energy,andtalentshapeyourlife’sstrategy.Ihaveabunchof“businesses”thatcompetefortheseresources:I’mtryingtohavearewardingrelationshipwithmywife,raisegreatkids,contributetomycommunity,succeedinmycareer,andcontributetomychurch.AndIhaveexactlythesameproblemthatacorporationdoes.Ihavealimitedamountoftime,energyandtalent.HowmuchdoIdevotetoeachofthesepursuits
Allocationchoicescanmakeyourlifeturnouttoverydifferentfromwhatyouintended.Sometimesthat’sgood:opportunitiesthatyouhaveneverplannedforemerge.Butifyoudon’tinvestyourresourceswisely,theoutcomecanbebad.AsIthinkaboutpeoplewhoinadvertentlyinvestedinlivesofhollowunhappiness,Ican’thelpbelievingthattheirtroublesrelatedrightbacktoashort-termperspective.
Whenpeoplewithahighneedforachievementhaveanextrahalfhouroftimeoranextraounceofenergy,they’llunconsciouslyallocateittoactivitiesthatyieldthemosttangibleaccomplishments.Ourcareersprovidethemostconcreteevidencethatwe’removingforward.Youshipaproduct,finishadesign,completeapresentation,closeasaleteachaclass,publishapaper,getpaid,getpromoted.Incontrast,investingtimeandenergyinyourrelationshipswithyourspouseandchildrentypicallydoesn’tofferthesameimmediatesenseofachievement.Kidsmisbehaveeveryday.It’sreallynotuntil20yearsdowntheroadthatyoucansay,“Iraisedagoodsonoragooddaughter.”Youcanneglectyourrelationshipwithyourspouseandonadailybasisitdoesn’tseemasifthingaredeteriorating.Peoplewhoaredriventoexcelhavethisunconsciouspropensitytounderinvestintheirfamiliesandoverinvestintheircareers,eventhoughintimateandlovingfamilyrelationshipsarethemostpowerfulandenduringsourceofhappiness.
Ifyoustudytherootcausesofbusinessdisasters,overandoveryou’llfindthispredispositiontowardendeavorsthatofferimmediategratification.Ifyoulookatpersonallivesthroughthatlens,you’llseethatsamestunningandsoberingpattern:peopleallocatingfewerandfewerresourcestothethingstheywouldhaveoncesaidmatteredmost.
2.CreateAFamilyCulture.It’sonethingtoseeintothefoggyfuturewithaacuityandchartthecoursecorrectionsacompanymustmake.Butit’squiteanothertopersuadeemployeestolineupandworkcooperativelytotakethecompanyinthatnewdirection.
Whenthereislittleagreement,youhavetouse“powertools”–coercion,threats,punishmentsandsoon,tosecurecooperation.Butifemployee’swaysofworkingtogethersucceedoverandover,consensusbeginstoform.Ultimately,peopledon‘teventhinkaboutwhethertheirwayyieldssuccess.Theyembraceprioritiesandfollowproceduresbyinstinctandassumptionratherthanbyexplicitdecision,whichmeansthatthey’vecreatedaculture.Culture,incompellingbutunspokenways,dictatestheproven,acceptablemethodsbywhichmembersofagroupaddressrecurrentproblems.Andculturedefinestheprioritygiventodifferenttypesofproblems.Itcanbeapowerfulmanagementtool.
Iusethismodeltoaddressthequestion,HowcanIbemyfamilybecomesanenduringsourceofhappinessMystudentsquicklyseethatthesimplestwayparentscanelicitcooperationfromchildrenistowieldpowertools.Buttherecomesapointduringtheteenyearswhenpowertoolsnolongerwork.Atthatpoint,parentsstartwishingtheyhadbegunworkingwiththeirchildrenataveryyoungagetobuildacultureinwhichchildreninstinctivelybehaverespectfullytowardoneanother,obeytheirparents,andchoosetherightthingtodo.Familieshavecultures,justascompaniesdo.Thoseculturescanbebuiltconsciously.
Ifyouwantyourkidstohavestrongself-esteemandtheconfidencethattheycansolvehardproblems,thosequalitieswon’tmagicallymaterializeinhighschool.Youhavetodesignthemintoyourfamily’scultureandyouhavethinkaboutthisveryearlyon.Likeemployees,childrenbuildself-esteembydoingthingsthatarehardandlearningwhatworks.
11.Accordingtotheauthor,thekeytosuccessfulallocationofresourcesinyourlifedependsonwhetheryou________.
A.canmanageyourtimewell
B.havelong-termplanning
C.areluckyenoughtohavenewopportunities
D.cansolvebothcompanyandfamilyproblems
A.Toofferfurtherexplanation
B.Toprovideadefinition
C.Topresentacontrast
D.Toillustratecareerdevelopment
13.Accordingtotheauthor,acommoncauseoffailureinbusinessandfamilyrelationshipsis________.
A.lackofplanning
B.short-sightedness
C.shortageofresources
D.decisionbyinstinct
14.Accordingtotheauthor,whendoesculturebegintoemerge________.
A.Whenpeopledecidewhatandhowtodobyinstinct
B.Whenpeoplerealizetheimportanceofconsensus
C.Whenpeopleasagroupdecidehowtosucceed
D.Whenpeopleuse“powertools”toreachagreement
15.Oneofthesimilaritiesbetweencompanycultureandfamilycultureisthat________.
A.problem-solvingabilityisessential
B.cooperationisthefoundation
C.respectandobediencearekeyelements
D.cultureneedstobenurtured
TextB
Itwasnearlybedtimeandwhentheyawokenextmorninglandwouldbeinsight.Dr.Macphaillithispipeand,leaningovertherail,searchedtheheavensfortheSouthernCross.Aftertwoyearsatthefrontandawoundthathadtakenlongertohealthanitshould,hewasgladtosettledownquietlyatApia(阿皮亚，西萨摩亚首都)fortwelvemonthsatleast,andhefeltalreadybetterforthejourney.Sincesomeofthepassengerswereleavingtheshipnextdaytheyhadhadalittledancethateveningandinhisearshammeredstilltheharshnotesofthemechanicalpiano.Butthedeckwasquietatlast.AlittlewayoffhesawhiswifeinalongchairtalkingwiththeDavidsons,andhestrolledovertoher.Whenhesatdownunderthelightandtookoffhishatyousawthathehadveryredhair,withabaldpatchonthecrown,andthered,freckledskinwhichaccompaniesredhair;hewasamanofforty,thin,withapinchedface,preciseandratherpedantic;andhespokewithaScotsaccentinaverylow,quietvoice.
BetweentheMacphailsandtheDavidsons,whoweremissionaries,therehadarisentheintimacyofshipboard,whichisduetoproximityratherthantoanycommunityoftaste.Theirchieftiewasthedisapprovaltheysharedofthemenwhospenttheirdaysandnightsinthesmoking-roomplayingpokerorbridgeanddrinking.Mrs.MacphailwasnotalittleflatteredtothinkthatsheandherhusbandweretheonlypeopleonboardwithwhomtheDavidsonswerewillingtoassociate,andeventhedoctor,shybutnofool,halfunconsciouslyacknowledgedthecompliment.Itwasbecausehewasofanargumentativemindthatintheircabinatnighthepermittedhimselftocarp(唠叨).
‘Mrs.Davidsonwassayingshedidn’tknowhowthey’dhavegotthroughthejourneyifithadn’tbeenforus,’saidMrs.Macphail,assheneatlybrushedouthertransformation(假发).‘Shesaidwewerereallytheonlypeopleontheshiptheycaredtoknow.’
‘Ishouldn’thavethoughtamissionarywassuchabigbug(要人、名士)thathecouldaffordtoputonfrills(摆架子).’
‘It’snotfrills.Iquiteunderstandwhatshemeans.Itwouldn’thavebeenverynicefortheDavidsonstohavetomixwithallthatroughlotinthesmoking-room.’
‘Thefounderoftheirreligionwasn’tsoexclusive,’saidDr.Macphailwithachuckle.
‘I’veaskedyouoverandoveragainnottojokeaboutreligion,’answeredhiswife.‘Ishouldn’tliketohaveanaturelikeyours,Alec.Youneverlookforthebestinpeople.’
Hegaveherasidelongglancewithhispale,blueeyes,butdidnotreply.Aftermanyyearsofmarriedlifehehadlearnedthatitwasmoreconducivetopeacetoleavehiswifewiththelastword.Hewasundressedbeforeshewas,andclimbingintotheupperbunkhesettleddowntoreadhimselftosleep.
Whenhecameondecknextmorningtheywereclosetoland.Helookedatitwithgreedyeyes.Therewasathinstripofsilverbeachrisingquicklytohillscoveredtothetopwithluxuriantvegetation.Thecoconuttrees,thickandgreen,camenearlytothewater’sedge,andamongthemyousawthegrasshousesoftheSamoaris(萨摩亚人);andhereandthere,gleamingwhite,alittlechurch.Mrs.Davidsoncameandstoodbesidehim.Shewasdressedinblack,andworeroundherneckagoldchain,fromwhichdangledacross.Shewasalittlewoman,withbrown,dullhairveryelaboratelyarranged,andshehadprominentblueeyesbehindinvisiblepince-nez(夹鼻眼镜).Herfacewaslong,likeasheep’s,butshegavenoimpressionoffoolishness,ratherofextremealertness;shehadthequickmovementsofabird.Themostremarkablethingaboutherwashervoice,high,metallic,andwithoutinflection;itfellontheearwithahardmonotony,irritatingtothenerveslikethepitilessclamorofthepneumaticdrill.
‘Thismustseemlikehometoyou,’saidDr.Macphail,withhisthin,difficultsmile.
‘Inthesepartsthat’salmostlikebeinginthenextstreetathome,’saidDr.Macphailfacetiously.
‘Well,that’sratheranexaggeratedwayofputtingit,butonedoeslookatdistancesdifferentlyintheJSouthSeas.Sofaryou’reright.’
Dr.Macphailsighedfaintly.
16.ItcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraphthatDr.Macphail________.
A.preferredquietnesstonoise
B.enjoyedthesoundofthemechanicalpiano
C.wasgoingbacktohishometown
D.wantedtobefriendtheDavidsons
17.TheMacphailsandtheDavidsonswereineachother’ecompanybecausethey________.
A.hadsimilarexperience
B.likedeachother
C.shareddislikeforsomepassengers
D.hadsimilarreligiousbelief
18.WhichofthefollowingstatementsBESTdescribesMrs.Macphail
A.Shewasgoodatmakingfriends
B.Shewaspronetoquarrellingwithherhusband
C.Shewasskillfulindealingwithstrangers
D.Shewaseasytogetalongwith.
19.AllthefollowingadjectivescanbeusedtodepictMrs.DavidsonEXCEPT________.
A.arrogant
B.unapproachable
C.unpleasant
D.irritable
20.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutDr.MacphailisINCORRECT
A.Hewassociable.
B.Hewasintelligent.
C.Hewasafraidofhiswife.
D.HewasfunoftheDavidsons.
TextC
TheExtrovertIdealhasbeendocumentedinmanystudies,thoughthisresearchhasneverbeengroupedunderasinglename.Talkativepeople,forexample,areratedassmarter,better-looking,moreinteresting,andmoredesirableasfriends.Velocityofspeechcountsaswellasvolume:werankfasttalkersasmorecompetentandlikablethanslowones.Eventhewordintrovertisstigmatized—oneinformalstudy,bypsychologistLaurieHelgoe,foundthatintrovertsdescribedtheirownphysicalappearanceinvividlanguage,butwhenaskedtodescribegenericintrovertstheydrewablandanddistastefulpicture.
21.Accordingtotheauthor,thereexists,asfaraspersonalitystylesareconcerned,adiscrepancybetween________.
A.whatpeoplesaytheycandoandwhattheyactuallycan
B.whatsocietyvaluesandwhatpeoplepretendtobe
C.whatpeopleprofessandwhatstatisticsshow
D.whatpeopleprofessandwhattheyhidefromothers
22.TheidealextrovertisdescribedasbeingallthefollowingEXCEPT________.
A.doubtful
B.sociable
C.determined
D.bold
23.Accordingtotheauthor,oursocietyonlypermits________tohavewhateverpersonalitytheylike.
A.theyoung
B.theordinary
C.theartistic
D.therich
24.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsBESTreflectstheauthor’sopinion
A.Introversionisseenasaninferiortraitbecauseofitsassociationwithsensitivity.
B.Extroversionisarbitraryforcedbysocietyasanormuponpeople.
C.Introvertsaregenerallyregardedaseitherunsuccessfulorasdeficient.
D.Extroversionandintroversionhavesimilarpersonalitytraitprofiles.
25.Theauthorwindsupthepassagewitha________note.
A.cautious
B.warning
C.positive
D.humorous
TextD
Speakingtwolanguagesratherthanjustonehasobviouspracticalbenefitsinanincreasinglyglobalizedworld.Butinrecentyears,scientistshavebeguntoshowthattheadvantagesofbilingualismareevenmorefundamentalthanbeingabletoconversewithawiderrangeofpeople.Beingbilingual,itturnsout,makesyousmarter.Itcanhaveaprofoundeffectonyourbrain,improvingcognitiveskillsnotrelatedtolanguageandevenshieldingagainstdementia（痴呆）inoldage.
Thisviewofbilingualismisremarkablydifferentfromtheunderstandingofbilingualismthroughmuchofthe20thcentury.Researchers,educatorsandpolicymakerslongconsideredasecondlanguagetobeaninterference,cognitivelyspeaking,thathinderedachild’sacademicandintellectualdevelopment.
Theywerenotwrongabouttheinterference:thereisampleevidencethatinabilingual’sbrainbothlanguagesystemsareactiveevenwhenheisusingonlyonelanguage,thuscreatingsituationsinwhichonesystemobstructstheother.Butthisinterference,researchersarefindingout,isn’tsomuchahandicapasablessingindisguise.Itforcesthebraintoresolveinternalconflict,givingthemindaworkoutthatstrengthensitscognitivemuscles.
Thecollectiveevidencefromanumberofsuchstudiessuggeststhatthebilingualexperienceimprovesthebrain’sso-calledexecutivefunction—acommandsystemthatdirectstheattentionprocessesthatweuseforplanning,solvingproblemsandperformingvariousothermentallydemandingtasks.Theseprocessesincludeignoringdistractionstostayfocused,switchingattentionwillfullyfromonethingtoanotherandholdinginformationinmindlikerememberingasequenceofdirectionswhiledriving.
WhydoesthetusslebetweentwosimultaneouslyactivelanguagesystemsimprovetheseaspectsofcognitionUntilrecently,researchersthoughtthebilingualadvantagestemmedprimarilyfromabilityforinhibitionthatwashonedbytheexerciseofsuppressingonelanguagesystem:thissuppression,itwasthought,wouldhelptrainthebilingualmindtoignoredistractionsinothercontexts.Butthatexplanationincreasinglyappearstobeinadequate,sincestudieshaveshownthatbilingualsperformbetterthanmonolingualsevenattasksthatdonotrequireinhibition,likethreadingalinethroughanascendingseriesofnumbersscatteredrandomlyonapage.
Thekeydifferencebetweenbilingualsandmonolingualsmaybemorebasic:aheightenedabilitytomonitortheenvironment.“BilingualshavetoswitchlanguagesquiteoftenYoumaytalktoyourfatherinonelanguageandtoyourmotherinanotherlanguage,”saysAlbertCosta,aresearcherattheUniversityofPompeuFabrainSpain.“Itrequireskeepingtrackofchangesaroundyouinthesamewaythatwemonitoroursurroundingswhendriving.”InastudycomparingGerman-ItalianbilingualswithItalianmonolingualsonmonitoringtasks,Mr.Costaandhiscolleaguesfoundthatthebilingualsubjectsnotonlyperformedbetter,buttheyalsodidsowithlessactivityinpartsofthebraininvolvedinmonitoring,indicatingthattheyweremoreefficientatit.
Thebilingualexperienceappearstoinfluencethebrainfrominfancytooldage,andthereisreasontobelievethatitmayalsoapplytothosewholearnasecondlanguagelaterinlife.
26.Accordingtothepassage,themorerecentandoldviewsofbilingualismdiffermainlyin________.
A.itspracticaladvantages
B.itsroleincognition
C.perceivedlanguagefluency
D.itsroleinmedicine
27.Thefactthatinterferenceisnowseenasablessingindisguisemeansthat________.
A.ithasledtounexpectedlyfavorableresults
B.itspotentialbenefitshaveremainedundiscovered
C.itseffectsoncognitivedevelopmenthavebeenminimal
D.onlyafewresearchershaverealizeditsadvantages
28.WhatistheroleofParagraphFourinrelationtoParagraphThree
A.ItprovidescounterevidencetoParagraphThree.
B.Itoffersanotherexampleoftheroleofinterference.
C.Itservesasatransitionalparagraphinthepassage.
D.ItfurtherillustratesthepointinParagraphThree.
29.Whichofthefollowingcanaccountforbetterperformanceofbilingualsindoingnon-inhibitiontasks
A.Anabilitytomonitorsurroundings.
B.Anabilitytoignoredistractions.
C.Anabilitytoperformwithlesseffort.
D.Anabilitytoexercisesuppression.
30.Whatisthemainthemeofthepassage
A.Featuresofbilingualsandmonolinguals.
B.Interferenceandsuppression.
C.Bilingualsandmonitoringtasks.
D.Reasonswhybilingualsaresmarter.
人文知识
PARTIIIGENERALKNOWLEDGE(10MIN)
Therearetenmultiple-choicequestionsinthissection.MarkthebestanswertoeachquestiononANSWERSHEETTWO.
31.WhichofthefollowingistheFrench-speakingcityinCanada
A.Vancouver
B.Ottawa
C.Montreal
D.Toronto
32.WhichofthefollowingarenativesofNewZealand
A.TheMaoris
B.TheAboriginals
C.TheRedIndians
D.TheEskimos
33.TheestablishedornationalchurchinEnglandis________.
A.theRomanCatholicChurch
B.theUnitedReformedChurch
C.theAnglicanChurch
D.theMethodistChurch
34.ThethirteenformerBritishcoloniesinNorthAmericadeclaredindependencefromGreatBritainin________.
A.1774
B.1775
C.1776
D.1777
35.“Graceunderpressure”isanoutstandingvirtueof________heroes.
A.ScottFitzgerald’s
B.ErnestHemingway’s
C.EugeneO’Neill’s
D.WilliamFaulkner’s
36.Widowers’Housewaswrittenby________.
A.JohnGalsworthy
B.GeorgeBernardShaw
C.WilliamButlerYeats
D.T.S.Eliot
37.WhowroteTheCanterburyTales
A.WilliamShakespeare
B.WilliamBlake
C.GeoffreyChaucer
D.JohnDonne
38.Whichofthefollowingpairsofwordsarehomophones
A.wind(v.)/wind(n.)
B.suspect(v.)/suspect(n.)
C.convict(v.)/convict(n.)
D.bare(adj.)/bear(v.)
39.Whichofthefollowingsentenceshasthe“S+V+O”structure
A.Hediedahero.
B.IwenttoLondon.
C.Maryenjoyedparties.
D.Shebecameangry.
40.WhichofthefollowingCANNOTbeusedasanadverbial
A.Thelion’sshare
B.Heartandsoul.
C.Nullandvoid.
D.Hammerandtongs.
改错
PARTIVPROOFREADING&ERRORCORRECTION(15MIN)
ThepassagecontainsTENerrors.Eachindicatedlinecontainsamaximumofoneerror.Ineachcase,onlyONEwordisinvolved.Youshouldproof-readthepassageandcorrectitinthefollowingway:
Forawrongword,underlinethewrongwordandwritethecorrectoneintheblankprovidedattheendoftheline.
Foramissingword,markthepositionofthemissingwordwitha“^”signandwritethewordyoubelievetobemissingintheblankprovidedattheendoftheline.
Foranunnecessaryword,crosstheunnecessarywordwithaslash“/”andputthewordintheblankprovidedattheendoftheline.
Thereiswidespreadconsensusamongscholarsthatsecondlanguageacquisition(SLA)emergedasadistinctfieldofresearchfromthelate1950stoearly1960s.
Thereisahighlevelofagreementthatthefollowingquestions(1)______
havepossessedthemostattentionofresearchersinthisarea:(2)______
lIsitpossibletoacquireanadditionallanguageinthe
samesenseoneacquiresafirstlanguage(3)______
lWhatistheexplanationforthefactadultshave(4)______
moredifficultyinacquiringadditionallanguagesthanchildrenhave
lWhatmotivatespeopletoacquireadditionallanguage
lWhatistheroleofthelanguageteachinginthe(5)______
acquisitionofadditionallanguages
lWhatsocial-culturalfactors,ifany,arerelevantinstudyingthe
learningofadditionallanguages
Fromacheckoftheliteratureofthefielditisclearthatall(6)______
theapproachesadoptedtostudythephenomenaofSLAsofarhave
onethingincommon:Theperspectiveadoptedtoviewtheacquiring
ofanadditionallanguageisthatofanindividualattemptstodo(7)______
so.Whetheronelabelsit“learning”or“acquiring”anadditional
language,itisanindividualaccomplishmentorwhatisunder(8)______
focusisthecognitive,psychological,andinstitutionalstatusofan
individual.Thatis,thespotlightisonwhatmentalcapabilitiesare
involving,whatpsychologicalfactorsplayaroleinthelearning(9)______
oracquisition,andwhetherthetargetlanguageislearntinthe
classroomoracquiredthroughsocialtouchwithnativespeakers.(10)______
翻译部分
PARTVTRANSLATION(60MIN)
SECTIONACHINESETOENGLISH
TranslatetheunderlinedpartofthefollowingtextintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEETTHREE.
当我在小学毕了业的时候，亲友一致的愿意我去学手艺，好帮助母亲。我晓得我应当去找饭吃，以减轻母亲的勤劳困苦。可是，我也愿意升学。我偷偷地考入了师范学校——制服，饭食，书籍，宿处，都由学校供给。只有这样，我才敢对母亲提升学的话。入学，要交十元的保证金。这是一笔巨款!母亲作了半个月的难，把这巨款筹到，而后含泪把我送出门去。她不辞劳苦，只要儿子有出息。当我由师范毕业，而被派为小学校长，母亲与我都一夜不曾合眼。我只说了句：“以后，您可以歇一歇了!”她的回答只有一串串的眼泪。
SECTIONBENGLISHTOCHINESE
TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEETTHREE.
Thephysicaldistancebetweenspeakerscanindicateanumberofthingsandcanalsobeusedtousedtoconsciouslysendmessagesaboutintent.Closeness,forexample,indicatesintimacyorthreattomanyspeakerswhilstdistancemaydenoteformalityoralackofinterest.Proximityisalsobothamatterofpersonalstyleandisoftenculture-boundsothatwhatmayseemnormaltoaspeakerfromoneculturemayappearunnecessarilycloseordistanttoaspeakerfromanother.Andstandingclosetosomeonemaybequiteappropriateinsomesituationssuchasaninformalparty,butcompletelyoutofplaceinothers,suchasmeetingwithasuperior.
Posturecanconveymeaningtoo.Hunchedshouldersandahangingheadgiveapowerfulindicationofmood.Aloweredheadwhenspeakingtoasuperior(withorwithouteyecontact)canconveytheappropriaterelationshipinsomecultures.
写作
PartVIWRITING
Nowadays,somecompanieshavework-from-homeorremoteworkingpolicies,whichmeansthattheiremployeesdonothavetocommutetoworkeveryday.Somepeoplethinkthatthiscansavealotoftimetravellingtoandfromwork,thusraisingemployees’productivity.However,othersarguethatintheworkplace,peoplecancommunicatefacetoface,whichvastlyincreasetheefficiencyofcoordinationandcooperation.Whatisyouropinion
Writeanessayofabout400wordsonthefollowingtopic:
MyViewsonWorkingfromHome
Inthefirstpartofyouressayyoushouldstateclearlyyourmainargument,andinthesecondpartyoushouldsupportyourargumentwithappropriatedetails.Inthelastpartyoushouldbringwhatyouhavewrittentoanaturalconclusionormakeasummary.
Markswillbeawardedforcontent,organization,grammarandappropriateness.Failuretofollowtheaboveinstructionsmayresultinalossofmarks.
WriteyouressayonANSWERSHEETFOUR.
参考答案-听力部分
SectionAMini-lecture
1.physical
2.ademand
3.bloodpressure
4.Category
5.ajob
6.signals
7.bodyormind
8.advantage
9.accept
10.reasonablespeed
SectionBInterview
1-5DCBCC
SectionCNewsBroadcast
6-10BDBAC
参考答案-听力原文
听力原文
Part1,ListeningComprehension
HowtoReduceStress
Goodmorning!Todaywelookathowtoreducestress.Asyouallknow,lifealwayshasstresses,Ur,thingswhicharecausingusstressandlivingwithoutstressisvirtuallyimpossible.So,ifwehavetolivewithstress,wemayaswellfindoutmoreaboutwhatitis,howwecandealwithitandsoon.Whatisstress,thenThetermwasoriginallyusedinphysicstodescribetheforceexertedbetweentwotouchingbodies.Thatwasstrictlyatermdescribingaphysicalreaction.Theninthe1930s,adoctornamedHansSelye,S-E-L-Y-E,firstusedthistermtodescribeahuman’sreactiontoademandplacedonit,pleasantornot.Andheincludedinthisresponse,thingslikeacceleratedbreathing,acceleratedheartrate,increasedbloodpressure,muscletensionandsoon.
Damon:Firstofall,thankyouobviouslyforyourtime,Angelina.YouarenowinIraq.SowhatisyourmainaiminthisvisitWhatareyoutryingtoaccomplishwhileyouareouthere
Damon:Whatkindofsensehaveyoubeenabletogetsofarintermsofhowseverethecrisisisandwhatactuallyneedstobedonetohelpout
Damon:HowdoyouthinkU.N.H.C.R.shouldbedoing
Damon:Doyouthinkthattheglobalcommunityhasaresponsibilitytoaddressthat
Damon:OnapersonallevelwhyisthissoimportanttoyouYouarewillingtocomehereandriskyourlife.
Damon:Doyouthinkthatyouinyourpositioncantrytopushthisprocessforwardbut,pressureperhapsonourgovernment
Jolie:Toputpressureonourgovernment
Damon:Yes,sotrytojustputpressureingeneralcreateawareness
Jolie:Icertainlythinkcreatingawareness.Ispoketotheofficialsfromourgovernmenttodayaboutmeetingourgoal,andtheystillintendtoreachthatgoal.Youknowtherearemanydifferentpeoplewhocanbecynicalorsaywellhowaretheygoingtodoit,andIwillaskthemhowareyougoingtodoitandistheresomewaywecanhelpto...youknow...
Damon:Ok.Thankyou,Angelina,fortalkingtous.
Jolie:Pleasure.
News1:
News2:
ResearchersstudyingfossilsfromnorthernKenyahaveidentifiedanewspeciesofhumanthatlivedtwomillionyearsago.Thediscoveriessuggestthatatleastthreedistinctspeciesofhumansco-existedinAfrica.TheresearchhasbeenpublishedinthejournalNature.Anthropologistshavediscoveredthreehumanfossilsthatarebetween1.78and1.95millionyearsold.Thespecimensareofafaceandtwojawboneswithteeth.Thediscoveriesbacktheviewthataskullfoundin1972isofaseparatespeciesofhuman,knownasHomorudolfensis.Theskullwasmarkedlydifferenttoanyothersfromthattime.Ithadarelativelylargebrainandlongflatface.Butfor40yearstheskullwastheonlyexampleofthecreatureandsoitwasimpossibletosayforsurewhethertheindividualwasanunusualspecimenoramemberofanewspecies.WiththediscoveryofthethreenewfossilsresearcherscansaywithmorecertaintythatHomorudolfensisreallywasaseparatetypeofhumanthatexistedaroundtwomillionyearsagoalongsideotherspeciesofhumans.
News3:
参考答案-人文知识
人文知识答案
31.Montreal
32.Maoris
33.Anglicanism
34.1776
35.ErnestHemingway
36.GeorgeBernardShaw
37.GeoffreyChaucer
38.bare
39.Mary
40.Lion
参考答案-改错
1.把of去掉。
2.把possessed改成attracted，
3.把a改成the
4.在facts和adults之间加个that，
5.把第二个the去掉。
6.把第二个of改成in
7.把attempts改成attempt
8.把or改成and
9.what改成how
10.把touche改成touches
参考答案-翻译
参考译文：
2014年3月专八真题翻译汉译英答案(网友回忆版)
WhenIwasinprimaryschoolgraduated,relativesandfriendsconsistentwantmetolearnskills,goodtohelphermother.IknowIshouldgotoeat,toalleviatethesufferingofhard-workingmother.However,Iwouldalsoliketostudy.Isecretlyadmittedtothenormalschool--uniforms,meals,books,lodging,bytheschoolsupply.Onlyinthisway,Idaretomotherascensionlearn.Admission.
2014年3月专八真题翻译英译汉答案(网友回忆版)
参考答案-写作
作文题目：MyViewsonWorkingfromHome
作文范文：仅供参考，作文自己写
探讨工作是在家里好还是在办公地点好
范文：
WorkingfromHome
Certaincompanies,especiallysomesmall-scalebusinesses,starttoencouragetheirstafftoworkfromhomeorusehomeasaworkingbaseforatleastpartoftheweeknowadays.Someoffersomeformofremoteworkingsupporttotheirworkforces,suchasequippingthemwithlaptopsandinstallingbroadband,andotherspayforthetelephonebillsfortheseworkers.
Thisworkpatternispopularbecauseit’sclearthatthereareanumberofbenefitsforthesecompanies.First,ithelpsretainemployees,especiallyhighly-qualifiedworkingparentswithchildcareresponsibilities.Second,itbringshigherproductivitybecausetheemployeeshavefewerinterruptionsandlesscommutingtime.Lastbutnotleast,itofferssavingsonpremisesandotherfacilities.
However,therearesomepotentialdrawbacks.Foronething,thereisdifficultyofmanaginghomeworkersandmonitoringtheirperformance,anddifficultyofmaintainingstaffdevelopmentandupgradingskills.Foranother,itmaycreateasenseofisolationamonghomeworkersanditcanbehardertomaintainteamspirit.Therefore,enterprisesshouldweightheprosandconsbeforepermittingtheiremployeestoworkathome.