1、BritishMuseumTheBritishMuseumisamuseumofhumanhistoryandcultureinLondon.Itscollections,whichnumbermorethansevenmillionobjects,areamongstthelargestandmostcomprehensiveintheworldandoriginatefromallcontinents,illustratinganddocumentingthestoryofhumanculturefrom
2、itsbeginningstothepresent.TheBritishMuseumwasestablishedin1753,largelybasedonthecollectionsofthephysicianandscientistSirHansSloane.Themuseumfirstopenedtothepublicon15January1759inMontaguHouseinBloomsbury,onthesiteofthecurrentmuseumbuilding.Itsexpansion
3、overthefollowingtwoandahalfcenturieswaslargelyaresultofanexpandingBritishcolonialfootprintandhasresultedinthecreationofseveralbranchinstitutions,thefirstbeingtheBritishMuseum(NaturalHistory)inSouthKensingtonin1887.Someobjectsinthecollection,mostnotablyth
4、eElginMarblesfromtheParthenon,aretheobjectsofintensecontroversyandofcallsforrestitutiontotheircountriesoforigin.Until1997,whentheBritishLibrary(previouslycentredontheRoundReadingRoom)movedtoanewsite,theBritishMuseumwasuniqueinthatithousedbothanationa
5、lmuseumofantiquitiesandanationallibraryinthesamebuilding.Themuseumisanon-departmentalpublicbodysponsoredbytheDepartmentforCulture,MediaandSport,andaswithallothernationalmuseumsintheUnitedKingdomitchargesnoadmissionfee.Since2002thedirectorofthemuseumh
6、asbeenNeilMacGregor.HistorySirHansSloane,founderoftheBritishMuseumAlthoughprincipallyamuseumofculturalartobjectsandantiquitiestoday,theBritishMuseumwasfoundedasa"universalmuseum".ItsfoundationslieinthewillofthephysicianandnaturalistSirHansSloane(1
8、ofaround71,000objectsofallkinds8includingsome40,000printedbooks,7,000manuscripts,extensivenaturalhistoryspecimensincluding337volumesofdriedplants,printsanddrawingsincludingthosebyAlbrechtDurerandantiquitiesfromEgypt,Greece,Rome,theAncientNearandFarEastandth
9、eAmericas.Foundation(1753)On7June1753,KingGeorgeIIgavehisformalassenttotheActofParliamentwhichestablishedtheBritishMuseum.TheFoundationAct,addedtwootherlibrariestotheSloanecollection.TheCottonianLibrary,assembledbySirRobertCotton,datedbacktoElizabethantimes
10、andtheHarleianlibrary,thecollectionoftheEarlsofOxford.Theywerejoinedin1757bytheRoyalLibrary,assembledbyvariousBritishmonarchs.Togetherthesefour"foundationcollections"includedmanyofthemosttreasuredbooksnowintheBritishLibraryincludingtheLindisfarn
12、flecthisscientificinterests.TheadditionoftheCottonandHarleymanuscriptsintroducedaliteraryandantiquarianelementandmeantthattheBritishMuseumnowbecamebothnationalmuseumandlibrary.大英博物馆(BritishMuseum)又称不列颠博物馆，是一位于英国伦敦的综合博物馆，也是世界上规模最大、最着名的博物馆之一，成立于1753年。目前博物馆拥有藏品1300
13、多万件。由于空间的限制，目前还有大批藏品未能公开展出。博物馆在1759年1月15日起正式对公众开放。历史：大英博物馆的渊源最早可追溯到1753年。汉斯斯隆(HansSloane1660-1753年)爵士是当时的一位着名收藏家，1753年他去世后遗留下来的个人藏品达1700件，还有大批植物标本及书籍、手稿。根据他的遗嘱，所有藏品都捐赠给国家这些藏品最后被交给了英国国会。在通过公众募款筹集建筑博物馆的资金后，大英博物馆最终于1759年1月15日在伦敦市区附近的蒙塔古大楼(MontagueBuilding)成立并对公众开放。博物馆在开放后通过英国人在各地的各种活动攫取
14、了大批珍贵藏品，早期的大英博物馆倾向于收集自然历史标本，但也有大量文物、书籍，因此吸引了大批参观者。到了19世纪初，蒙塔古大楼已经显得不敷使用了。于是1824年博物馆决定在蒙塔古大楼北面建造一座新馆，并在1840年代完成，旧蒙塔古大楼不久后便被拆除。新馆建成后不久又在院子里建了对公众开放的圆形阅览室。由于空间的限制，1880年大英博物馆将自然历史标本与考古文物分离，大英博物馆专门收集考古文物。1900年，博物馆再次重新划分，将书籍、手稿等内容分离组成新的大英图书馆。简介：大中庭(GreatCourt)位于大英博物馆中心，于2000年12月建成开放，目