1、BEIJING,BeijingisametropolisinnorthernChinaandthecapitalofthePeoplesRepublicofChina.Beijingisamajortransportationhub,withdozensofrailways,roadsandmotorwayspassingthroughthecity.ItisalsothefocalpointofmanyinternationalflightstoChina.Beijingisrecognizeda
2、sthepolitical,educational,andculturalcenterofthePeoplesRepublicofChina.ThebesttimestovisitBeijingarespring(AprilandMayarenicest)andfall(SeptemberandOctobercanbebeautiful).BeijingorPekingmeansnortherncapital.ThetermPekingoriginatedwithFrenchmissionariesf
3、ourhundredyearsagoandcorrespondstoanolderpronunciation.Thecityhasbeenrenamedseveraltimes:(JinDynasty)Zhongdu,(MongolYuanDynasty)Dadu,(MingDynasty)Hongwu,Beiping(Peiping)=northernpeace,Nanjing,Yanjing.October1st1949.CommunistPartyOfChina,undertheleadershipof
4、nnouncedinTiananmenthecreationofthePeoplesRepublicofChinaandrenamedthecitybacktoBeijing.,TheForbiddenCity(ZijinCheng),TheForbiddenCitywastheChineseimperialpalacefromtheMingDynastytotheendoftheQingDynasty.ItislocatedinthemiddleofBeijing,China,andnowh
5、ousesthePalaceMuseum.Foralmostfivecenturies,itservedasthehomeoftheEmperorandhishousehold,aswellastheceremonialandpoliticalcentreofChinesegovernment.Thecomplexconsists980survivingbuildingswith8,707baysofroomsandcovers720,000squaremeters.ForbiddenCity,wh
6、ichislocatednorthoftheTiananmenSquare,andtowhomisgoingthroughthesamegate,UNESCOdeclaredWorldHeritagein1987.year.Buildingforbiddencitystartedthe1406thyear.Ittook14yearsandabout200,000workerstocompletethecomplex.ItisprotectedbyUNESCO.Partofhisname-F
7、orbiddenreferstothefactthatnoonecouldenterorleavethepalacewithoutthepermissionoftheemperor.ThedesignoftheForbiddenCity,fromitsoveralllayouttothesmallestdetail,wasmeticulouslyplannedtoreflectphilosophicalandreligiousprinciples,andabovealltosymbolizethe
8、majestyofImperialpower.,TheGreatWallofChina,TheGreatWallOfChinaisaseriesofstoneandearthenfortificationsinChina,built,rebuilt,andmaintainedbetweenthe5thcenturyBCandthe16thcenturytoprotectthenorthernbordersoftheChineseEmpirefromXiongnuattacksduringtheru
9、leofsuccessivedynasties.Itstretchesoverapproximately6,400km(4,000miles)fromShanhaiguanintheeasttoLopNurinthewest,alonganarcthatroughlydelineatesthesouthernedgeofInnerMongolia,butstretchestoover6,700km(4,160miles)intotal.Itwasguardedbymorethanonemil
10、lionmen.,BeijingKaoya-BeijingDuck,PekingDuck:adelicious,lightly-smoked,richmealcomplimentedbypancakes,dippingsauce,vegetablefillingandirresistiblesliversofjuicymeat,fatandcrispyskin.PekingDuckissaidtooriginatefromInnerMongoliaandwasfirstservedinaPekingrest
11、aurantin1855.TheoriginalrecipeforPekingDuckincludesadescriptionofhowtobuildandfiretheovenforsmokingthebird!,TiananmenSquare,TheheartofmodernChinabeatsinTiananmenSquare,thesymbolofthePeoplesRepublicandthecenterofBeijingslandmarks.TheflagstonesofTiananme
12、ncoverastaggering440,000squaremeters,enoughspacetoallowamillionpeopletogatherthere.TheTiananmenGateTowersitesatthenorth,theFive-StarRedFlagflieshighonthesquare,theMonumenttothePeoplesHeroesdominatesthecenter,theGreatHallofthePeopleandtheMuseumofth
13、eChineseRevolutionandtheMuseumofChineseHistorytotheeastandwestofit,aswellasTheChairmanHallandtheQianmengate,sitinthesouthofthesquare.Overseveralhundredyears,infrontoftheTiananmen,manydemocracymeetingsanddemonstrationsareheld.FiveStarRedFlag-theChi
14、nesenationalflag,flieshighintheskyabovetheSquare.,SummerPalace,Itisoneofthebestparksinthecity.OriginallyitwasaretreatforemperorstoescapethescorchingsummerheatofBeijing.TheSummerPalaceishuge,mostofitbeingtakenupbyKunmingLake.Thedirtthatwasdugupt
15、omakethelakewaspiledupandmadeintoLongevityHill.OntopofLongevityHillareseveralBuddhisttemples,which,oncleardays,offergoodviewsofthelake.Smallboatsareavailableforrentandyoucanmotororpaddleaboutthelake.Anotherpartofthepark,calledSuzhoustreet,whichi
16、ssupposedtobeamodelofwhatthecityofSuzhoulookedlikeintheQingDynasty.The“street”encirclesashortcanal,whichyoucangoupanddowninagondola-likeboat.,TempleOfHeaven,Builtbetween1409and1420,theTempleofHeavenisoneofBeijingsmostimpressiveparksintermsofHeave
17、nisoneofBeijingsmostimpressiveparksintermsofarchitecture,colorandsignificance.TheTempleisbasicallyahugecommunicationsterminalwhichtheEmperorusedtocommunicatedirectlywithHeaven.Severaltimesayear,theEmperorwouldcomeheretoprayforgoodharvests,enoughrainand
18、otherheavenlyboons.TheconstructionoftheTempleisbasedaroundthenumbernine,thelargestofthesingledigits,whichisdivineinChinesenumerology.TheTempleconsistsoffourbasicparts:theRoundAltar,theEchoWall,theImperialVaultofHeaven,andtheHallofprayerforGoodHarve
19、sts.TheRoundAltariswheretheEmperorwouldreportonthestatusofthecountrytoHeaven.TheAltarisconstructedinthemiddle,anythingyousayisamplifiedseveraltimes.,ThisisbecausewhentheEmperorwastalkingwithHeaven,hisvoicewassupposedtobeamplifiedsothatitwasasifhi
20、svoicewasasloudasthecollectivevoiceofawholenation.TheEchoWallisaroundstructurewhichifyouwhisperalongtheinnerwall,yourvoicecanbeheardallthewayaroundtheotherside.SupposedlytheEmperorwouldusethismethodtosecretlyconferwithInnerCourtmembers.TheImperi
21、alVaultofHeavenandtheHallofPrayerforGoodHarvestsarebothstructureswhichwereplacesofworshipfortheEmperor.TheHallofPrayerforGoodHarvestsisremarkablebecauseitisa38-meter-tallbuildingwhichdoesnothaveasinglenailholdingittogether.Theoriginalwasburntdowni
22、n1889buthasbeenfaithfullyreconstructed.Thehallhas28woodenpillarssupportinga39-metertowerofthreeconicalroofs,coveredwithblueglazedtiles,toreflectthecolorofthesky.Thewoodenwallsarerichlydecorated,insideandout.TothewestofthecomplexistheHallofAbstinenc
23、e,wheretheemperorswouldpreparethemselvesforthesolemnoccasionbyspendinganightfasting(andwithoutconcubines!).,MingTombs,Otherwiseknownasthe“13Tombs”,thisistheburialsiteof13outof17emperorsoftheMingDynasty.ThebestpartoftheMingTombsistheroadthere.Thespi
24、ritWayisthepathleadingtothemouthofthetomb.Alongthepatharebizarre,mythicalstonemonstersstandingguard.Togettothetombitself,youhavetowalkdownmanyflightsofstairstillyouaredeepinsidethemountain.Buttheactualtombchambersarealittledisappointing.Itsjusta
25、coupleofstonerooms,excavatedtreasures.,Hutong,AhutongisanancientcityalleyorlanetypicalinBeijing,wherehutongsrunintotheseveralthousand.Themainbuildingsinthehutongwerealmostallquadrangles-abuildingcomplexformedbyfourhousesaroundaquadrangularcourtyard.Thequ
26、adranglesvariedinsizeanddesignaccordingtothesocialstatusoftheresidents.Theordinarypeoplesquadranglesweresimplybuiltwithsmallgatesandlowhouses.Hutongs,infact,arepassagewaysformedbymanycloselyarrangedquadranglesofdifferentsizes.,LamaTemple=TheYongheTemple=
27、PalaceofPeaceandHarmony,IsatempleandmonasteryoftheGelukSchoolofTibetanBuddhismlocatedinthenortheasternpartofBeijing.ThebuildingandtheartworksofthetemplecombineHanChineseandTibetanstyles.BuildingworkontheYongheTemplestartedin1694duringtheQingDynasty.
28、TheYongheTempleisarrangedalonganorth-southcentralaxis,whichhasalengthof480m.TheHalloftheHeavenlyKingsisthesouthernmostofthemainhalls,itservedoriginallyasthemainentrancetothemonastery.InthecenterofthehallstandsastatueoftheMaitreyaBuddha,alongthewa
29、llsstatuesofthefourHeavenlykingsarearranged,BeihaiPark,Itisverylarge,about68.2hectares,andalmosttwo-thirdsoftheparkisalake.TheparksitsintheBeijingscenter,usedtobetheroyalgardenoftheJin,Yuan,MingandQingEmperors.Besidesthelake,themainthingstoseein
30、BeihaiaretheRoundCity,whichcontainsajadevasefromthetimeofKublaiKhan;theTempleofEternalPeace,theNineDragonScreen,whichisreallya5-meter-high,27-meter-longwallcoveredwithglazedtilescarvedintonineintertwiningdragons;andtheWhitePagodaonGemIslandinthecenter
31、ofthelake.WithinBeihaiisalsothefamousFangshanRestaurant,thebestknownoftheImperialCourtstylerestaurantswhereyoucaneatQingDynastytypefood,foraprettypenny.,CapitalMuseum,TheformerCapitalMuseum,whichwaslocatedintheConfuciusTemple,starteditsplanningstagein
32、1953andformallyopenedtothegeneralpublicin1981.Themuseumisafive-storeybuilding,allowingforamaximumof13concurrentexhibitions,whichcanbeseeninabout5hoursatthecostof30Yuanpervisitor.ThearchitecturaldesignconceptoftheCapitalMuseumisbasedonhumanandcultu
33、ralheritagetoservethecommunityandunderlinestheharmoniousintegrationofpastandpresent,historyandmodernism,artandnature.TheconstructionoftheCapitalMuseumitselfisapieceofarchitecturalartworkintegratingbothclassicalandmodernbeauty.,BirdsNest,BirdsNestistheworld
34、slargeststeelstructureandthemostcomplexstadiumeverconstructed.Itistheworldslargeststeelstructureandthemostcomplexstadiumeverconstructed.AlsocalledChinasNationalStadium,ithostedtheopeningceremony,athleticevents,thefootballfinalandtheclosingceremonyofthe20
35、08BeijingOlympicGames.,MongolianHotpot,MongolianHotPotisanothergreatexampleoftraditionalBeijingcooking.Thinslicesofvariousmeatsaredangledorplacedinaboilingpotwithvariouskindsofvegetablesuntiltheyredone,andtheneatenwithspecialsaucesandsidedishes.Thisdish
36、isespeciallyfavoredduringthecoldseason.,NoodleswithSoybeanPaste,CalledZhaJiangMianinChinese,itconsistsofthreemainmaterials.Theyarewidehand-tossednoodles,vegetablepiecesaswellaspork.,LocalBeijingpeople,especiallyelderonesliketoeathotnoodlesinthecolddaysan
37、dtoeatcoldnoodlesinhotweather.,WheretoShop,PanjiayuanAntiqueMarket潘家园古玩市场ItisthelargestantiquemarketinChina,alsothecheapestandmostpopularantiquemarketinBeijing.Youcanfindvariouscollections,suchasantiquefurniture,fourtreasuresinthestudy,ancientpaintingsa
38、ndbooks,jade,porcelain,ancientandforeignmoney,bamboocarving,Buddhistkeepsake,folkclothesandculturalrelics.,QianmenStreet前门大街,QianmenStreetislocatedtothesouthofTiananmenSquare.Beijingsoriginalcommercialcenterfor600yearsago;today,itlargelydealsinChinesetraditi
39、onalproducts.Manytime-honoredshopscanbefoundthere,suchasTongrentangPharmacies,QuanjudePekinRoastDuckRestaurantandRuifuxiangSilkClothesShop.,Afteritsrenovationin2008,thestoresarelinedupsidebysideinthestyleoftheHutong.Thisisgoodplaceforgoodsouvenirsasst
40、oneorjadestampscarvedyourname.TheLaoSheTeahouseislocatedonwestofQianmenStreet,andisagoodplacetosamplechineseteas,readorwatchatraditionalshow.,BeijingOpera,AsthequintessenceofChina,PekingOperadisplaystheuniqueChineseculturetothewholeworld.Beijingopera
41、isacombinationofacrobatics,singinganddancing.ThedistinguishingariaofBeijingoperaisimpressive,andthecostumesandmasksarequitecharming.,TourGuide,YouareatourguideForeignersarecomingtoyourhometown,andhavehiredyoutoshowthemaroundYourgroupwilldecidewheretheywilltakethem.,WhataretheirinterestsWherearetheyfromDotheyhaveanydietaryrestrictionsIsthereanythinginparticulartheywanttoseeHowmanypeople,
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