italki网站有免费答疑的功能,不知道多少使用过。在这个板块里,大家可以提出针对任何语种学习的各种问题。耐心等待,会有很多母语国家的专业老师来解答,甚至讨论。小i很喜欢这个板块,不仅因为它是免费的,更因为在线下你很难找到这样地方有那么多专业资源来为你解疑。所以表在后台问小i各种英语问题了,我即使自己理解也未必能准确表达,不想误人子弟,一般不回,完美的建议就是去网站问专业的!(还免费呢)
无论是社区还是对老师包括线下的课堂,英语学习应该怎样发问?哪些问题是有质量的有针对性的?今天我们来看看。
这是今天的作者italki外教Michael
HowToBenefitFromitalkiQuestions
在italki提出好问题,提升英语没问题
HavingansweredmanyEnglishlanguagequestionsonitalkioverthelastyear,Icanseehowwellstudentsbenefitfromthem.I'vealsolearnedalotintheprocessaboutmyownlanguageandhowtoteachit.Atthesametime,I'vesometimesseenstudents(andalsoteachersandtutors)notusetheitalkiQuestionsoptimally.Inthisarticle,I'vecomeupwithsomeideastohelpyouaskgoodquestionsandhopefullygetgoodanswers.
IamgratefultoRuthi,averyexperienceditalkiteacher,forheradditionalcommentsandfeedbackonthisarticle,whichIhaveincorporated.
TheThreeKeystoGoodQuestions
好问题的三个关键
提供情境,让老师可以提供更准确的答案
问题要具体。
首先要尝试回答自己提出的问题,这样你学得又快又好。
GrammarQuestions
语法问题
Thefollowingisagoodquestion:
以下举个例子告诉大家什么是好的问题:
Whyisthepresentcontinuoususedinthissentenceandnotthepresentsimple:
为什么下面这句句子用的是现在进行时而不是一般现在时:
"Iambrushingmyteethsocanyouwaitafewminutes,please"
“我在刷牙,所以请你等我几分钟行吗?”
Now,hereisa“lessgood”question:
下面这个问题“不怎么好”:
Whatisthedifferencebetweenthepresentsimpleandpresentcontinuous
一般现在时和现在进行时有什么不同?
为什么呢?
Thefirstquestionisagoodonebecauseitrelatestoaspecificcontext.Tutorscanthereforegiveacomprehensiveandaccurateanswer.Ontheotherhand,thesecondquestionisincrediblywide;wholechaptersofgrammarbooksaredevotedtothisthemeandasimpleGooglesearch(forexample:"presentcontinuoussimple")yieldsahugenumberofrelevantresultswithinafewseconds.Ifateacherortutoranswersawidequestionlikethis,it'sunlikelytobeascomprehensiveasastandardgrammarbookorcoursebookandmaynotaddressyourpreciselanguagedifficulty.
第一个问题很不错,因为这个问题是有具体语境的。老师也会因此给出详细而准确地的回答。相反,第二个问题十分宽泛;语法书上可以有一个章节专门探讨这个问题。如果你用谷歌搜索一下(比如现在进行时),几秒钟就会显示无数个答案。如果老师接到的是这么一个宽泛的问题,可能不会像语法书或者教科书那样详细,而且也不一定说在你的语言难点上。
VocabularyQuestions
词汇问题
Agoodquestioncouldbesomethinglikethis:
好的问题是长这样的:
Whatdoestheword"fence"meaninthefollowingextract:[quoteitinfull]
Fence在这句话当中是什么意思:【完整摘录这句话】?
It'simportanttoincludecontextualinformation,especiallytheparagraphwhereyoufoundthewordandthekindofbook.Forexample:anovel,anacademicbookabouteconomics,poplyrics,etc.
Evenbetter,youcouldalsocheckthewordinadictionary,guessthemeaningyourself,andexplainhowyoureachedyourconclusion.Inmyexperience,peoplewhodothisareoftenright,andthiscanhelpyougrowinconfidenceandindependence.Ifyou'renotrightbutwecanseeyourreasoning,wecanthengiveyouamorefocusedanswer.
最好你可以自己查词典,猜一下词的意思,然后解释下为什么是这个意思。从我的经验来看,这么做的人通常会猜对,而且这个办法可以帮助你提升自信心和独立思考能力。如果你猜的不对,我们也可以看到你的逻辑,我们可以给你一个更有针对性的回答。
A“lessgood”questioncouldbe:
What'sthedifferencebetween"book"and"house"
“book”和“house”有什么区别?
Iknowit'sastupidexample(andnotarealone),butitillustratesapoint:iftheordinarymeaningsoftwowordsareverydifferent,thenaconceptualdiscussionabouttheirdifferencesisprobablynotgoingtohelpanyoneverymuch.Ontheotherhand,wordscanhavedifferentmeaningsindifferentcontexts,andthesedifferencesmaynotbeatallclear.Inthiscase,wecanhelpyoubestifyouprovidethiscontext.
我知道这个问题挺愚蠢的(不是真的有人提的这个问题),但这也说明了一个问题,如果两个词字面意思就很不同,那么讨论他们概念上的不同也不会对你有多大的帮助。相反,词汇在不同的语境中都会有不同的含义,而且这些不同不是显而易见的。如果你能够提供语境的话,我们可以更好帮助你回答。
HowtoAskaQuestion
如何发问
Herearesometypicalwaystoaskaquestion:
下面是几个典型的提问方法
Whatisthedifferencebetween“X”and“Y”
X和Y有什么不同?
Whatdoes“X”mean
X的意思是什么?
Whendopeopleusethisword"X"
什么时候用X这个词?
Is"X"usedformallyorinformallyinthissentence:"..."
X在这句话之中是正式还是非正式的意思?
HowshouldIpronounce"X"
X应该如何发音?
commonandwrongwayis:
常见错误提问如下:
Howtosay"X"
如何表达X?
**Aquestionwordfollowedbyaninfinitiveisnevercorrectininterrogatoryquestions,butitispossibleinembeddedquestionsortitles,suchasthetitleofthisarticle.
Anothercommonandwrongwayissimplytowrite:
另外一种常见的错误形式可以这样写:
"Presentperfectuse"
“现在完成时的使用”
Thesearenotquestionsandthoughwemaysometimesbeabletoguessthepoint,it'snotclear,it'snotpolite,andtheinformationwantedisprobablytoogeneral.Seeparagraphabove.
DifferentOpinionsfromTeachers
老师的不同意见
Twoheadsarebetterthanone,butunfortunately,tutorsdonotalwaysagreeontheiranswers;decidingwhoisrightinthiscasecanbeadifficulttask.Thereisnofoolproofsolution,buttherearetwopossiblestrategies:
两个人总好过一个人思考,不过在italki的答疑区,老师经常意见相左;谁是对的呢,决定比较难。没有万全之策,不过有两个对策可以用一下:
Askallteacherswhoansweredwhichanswertheythinkisbest.
告诉老师哪个答案哪个老师觉得最对。
Checktheprofilesoftheteacherstoseewhohasthemostteachingexperience.
查一下老师的背景资料,看谁的教学经验最丰富。
US/UKDifferences
美英/英英的不同
Ihavetomakeaconfessionhere:onafewoccasions,IhavecorrectedstudentswhohaveusedUSslangorwordswhichareparticulartotheUS,butwhichIhaveneverseenbefore.USteachershavethenaddedtheircontributions,myignorancehasbeenrevealed,andIhaveeatenhumblepie.Occasionally,Ihaveseenthereverse,andUSteachershavebeenunawareofstandardUKusagesofparticularwordsorexpressions.
在这里先要跟大家坦白:曾经我帮学生改正过一些只有在美语中使用的俚语,因为我没有看到过。美国老师也献计献策,我知识的盲点也体现出来了,只能低头谢罪。不过我也有看到过类似的情况,美国的老师也没有意识到正宗的英式英语用法的表达和词组。
Ingrammar,thedifferencesbetweenUSandUKusagesarefewandminor;however,therearemanynationaldifferencesinslang,someofwhicharecommonlyknowninbothcountriesandsomeofwhicharenot.Also,someotherwordswhicharenotslangarelocaltoonlyonecountry.Somewordshavedifferentshadesofmeaningoradditionalusagesinonlyonecountry.Hopefully,enoughtutorswillanswersothatconfusionisavoided,butifyou'renotsure,ask.IacknowledgethattherearevariationsinotherEnglish-speakingcountriestoo,butImentiontheUSandtheUKonlybecausethedifferencesbetweenthemarethemostfrequentlymentioned.
在语法知识点上,美语和英语的差别甚微。不过两种英语在俚语方面的使用很不同,有的众人皆知,有的不尽然。有的词语有多重含义,在有些地区甚至有特殊的含义。我们当然希望辅导老师有足够能力避免这样的困惑。不过如果你有疑虑,请提问。我承认在其他一些英语国家同样有着一些不同,但是我这里以英国和美国来举例是因为,这两国国家的区别是被提及最多的。
HelpwithExamQuestionsandExercises
考试和练习方面的问题
Acommontypeofquestionissomethinglikethis:
通常这方面的问题可以这样问:
Describeanolderpersonwhoyouadmire.
请描述一个你仰慕的长者
Invariablythisisanexamquestionandwecanimaginethatthestudentwantsananswertheythemselvescanuseoradapt.Sometimesstudentssimplycopyandpasteagap-fillexerciseandaskforanswers.Ifyouneedhelpansweringanexamquestion(forexample,anIELTSspeakingtopic)oranexercisefromacoursebook,Irecommendthatyouattempttoanswerityourselffirstandaskustocheckandcorrectyouranswers.
显而易见,这是一个考试中出现的问题,学生想要一个可以用或者修改一下用上去的答案。有时候学生只是想要复制粘贴填空题,然后求解答。如果你想要得到一道考试题目的大难(比如雅思考试的口语题)或者练习册上的题目,我建议你先自己回答一下,然后再求助别人看看你答得对不对。
Inthisway,wecanseemoreclearlyyourlanguageissues,youwilllearnmoredeeply,itwilltakeuslesstimetoanswer,andit'salsomoresatisfyingforus.Teacherswanttoteach,andsimplygivingtheirstudentstherightanswersisnotteaching,norwillithelpthemtolearnverymuch.Sometimesstudentspostquestionsrelatedtoexamsthattheyareduetotakeveryshortly.Again,theymaybetemptedtojustwanttherightanswerandnottolearn.Learningalanguageisalongprocesswhichtakestimefornewinformationtosinkin.
InappropriateRequests
不合适的请求
Inmyopinion,thefollowingsituationsarenotgoodusesofitalkiQuestions:
我觉得下面的一些问题表明学生没有好好用italki问问题:
Correctionsoftextsoralargenumberofpracticesentences(useitalkiNotebook,whichalsohasabettereditingcapabilityfortutors)
帮我修改下作文,或者一大堆写句子的练习(使用italki笔记本,老师在上面修改也更容易)
Languageexchangerequests(useitalkiLanguagePartnersfunction)
语言交换的请求(使用italki语言伙伴功能)
Requestsfordetailedindividualguidance,suchasforinterviews.Therearenumerousfreeonlineguidesonhowtohandleinterviewquestions.Forexample,ifyouneedmorespecificadviceonyourcircumstances,youprobablyneedtospendtimespeakingtosomeone(forexample,me,inanitalkisession)
Teachersandtutorsoccasionallyadvertisetheirservicesdirectlybymeansofanapparent“question."Theyarenotnormallythesamepeoplewhoregularlyanswerquestionsandshouldbeshot!
QuestionsinOtherLanguages
用其他语言提问的问题
Iappreciatethattherearemanygoodreasonsforstudentstoaskquestionsintheirownlanguages.However,I'venoticedthatsuchquestionsaresometimesnotanswered.Ifthishappens,itmaybeagoodideatotryagaininEnglish.
我理解有许多问题都是学生用自己的母语来提问的。不过我也注意到这类问题经常没有被回答到。如果这种情况出现,最好用英语再问一遍。
SayingThankYou
表达感谢
Finally,don'tforgettosay"thankyou"fortheanswer,evenifyouthinktheanswerwasrubbish(US:garbage)!Theinternetcanbeacoldandfacelessworld,soit's"nicetobenice."
最后,别忘了说“谢谢”。即便你觉得答得很糟糕,也应该说谢谢!网络上可能不顾人情冷暖,所以大家尽可能要礼貌。
Conclusion
结论
Toconclude,questionscan'tsubstituteforcoursebooks,dictionaries,orface-to-facecontactwithteachers.However,youcangetalotoutofitalkiquestionsifyouarespecific,includecontextwhereappropriate,andshowusthatyouhavefirstmadeanefforttouseadictionaryandunderstandtheissueyourself.Weallliketohelppeoplewhoareenthusiastic.Keepupthegoodwork!
最后总结一下,问题代替不了练习册、词典和同老师面对面的交流。不过你可以从问题中获得许多知识,最好你提问够具体,在合适的地方提供语境,而且向老师体现出你已经查过词典,而且理解问题在哪里了。我们总是希望帮助那些特别好问的学生的。所以大家继续努力学习吧!
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