BundleURIs

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BundleURIsarelocationswhereGitcandownloadoneormorebundlesinordertobootstraptheobjectdatabaseinadvanceoffetchingtheremainingobjectsfromaremote.

Onegoalistospeedupclonesandfetchesforuserswithpoornetworkconnectivitytotheoriginserver.Anotherbenefitistoallowheavyusers,suchasCIbuildfarms,touselocalresourcesforthemajorityofGitdataandtherebyreducingtheloadontheoriginserver.

ToenablethebundleURIfeature,userscanspecifyabundleURIusingcommand-lineoptionsortheoriginservercanadvertiseoneormoreURIsviaaprotocolv2capability.

ThebundleURIstandardaimstobeflexibleenoughtosatisfymultipleworkloads.ThebundleproviderandtheGitclienthaveseveralchoicesinhowtheycreateandconsumebundleURIs.

EachrepositoryisdifferentandeveryGitserverhasdifferentneeds.HopefullythebundleURIfeatureisflexibleenoughtosatisfyallneeds.Ifnot,thenthefeaturecanbeextendedthroughitsversioningmechanism.

Toprovideaserver-sideimplementationofbundleservers,nootherpartsoftheGitprotocolarerequired.ThisallowsservermaintainerstousestaticcontentsolutionssuchasCDNsinordertoservethebundlefiles.

AtthecurrentscopeofthebundleURIfeature,allURIsareexpectedtobeHTTP(S)URLswherecontentisdownloadedtoalocalfileusingaGETrequesttothatURL.Theservercouldincludeauthenticationrequirementstothoserequestswiththeaimoftriggeringtheconfiguredcredentialhelperforsecureaccess.(Futureextensionscoulduse"file://"URIsorSSHURIs.)

Anyotherdataprovidedbytheserverisconsiderederroneous.

TheGitservercanadvertisebundleURIsusingasetofkey=valuepairs.AbundleURIcanalsoserveaplain-textfileintheGitconfigformatcontainingthesesamekey=valuepairs.Inbothcases,weconsiderthistobeabundlelist.Thepairsspecifyinformationaboutthebundlesthattheclientcanusetomakedecisionsforwhichbundlestodownloadandwhichtoignore.

Afewkeysfocusonpropertiesofthelistitself.

(Required)Thisvalueprovidesaversionnumberforthebundlelist.IfafutureGitchangeenablesafeaturethatneedstheGitclienttoreacttoanewkeyinthebundlelistfile,thenthisversionwillincrement.Theonlycurrentversionnumberis1,andifanyothervalueisspecifiedthenGitwillfailtousethisfile.

Ifthisstring-valuedkeyexists,thenthebundlelistisdesignedtoworkwellwithincrementalgitfetchcommands.Theheuristicsignalsthatthereareadditionalkeysavailableforeachbundlethathelpdeterminewhichsubsetofbundlestheclientshoulddownload.TheonlyheuristiccurrentlyplannediscreationToken.

Theremainingkeysincludeansegmentwhichisaserver-designatednameforeachavailablebundle.Themustcontainonlyalphanumericand-characters.

Thisstringvaluerepresentsanobjectfilterthatshouldalsoappearintheheaderofthisbundle.Theserverusesthisvaluetodifferentiatedifferentkindsofbundlesfromwhichtheclientcanchoosethosethatmatchtheirobjectfilters.

Thisvalueisanonnegative64-bitintegerusedforsortingthebundleslist.Thisisusedtodownloadasubsetofbundlesduringafetchwhenbundle.heuristic=creationToken.

Thisstringvalueadvertisesareal-worldlocationfromwherethebundleURIisserved.ThiscanbeusedtopresenttheuserwithanoptionforwhichbundleURItouseorsimplyasaninformativeindicatorofwhichbundleURIwasselectedbyGit.Thisisonlyvaluablewhenbundle.modeisany.

HereisanexamplebundlelistusingtheGitconfigformat:

IfauserknowsabundleURIfortherepositorytheyarecloning,thentheycanspecifythatURImanuallythroughacommand-lineoption.However,aGithostmaywanttoadvertisebundleURIsduringthecloneoperation,helpingusersunawareofthefeature.

TheonlythingrequiredforthisfeatureisthattheservercanadvertiseoneormorebundleURIs.Thisadvertisementtakestheformofanewprotocolv2capabilityspecificallyfordiscoveringbundleURIs.

TheclientcouldchooseanarbitrarybundleURIasanoptionorselecttheURIwithbestperformancebysomeexploratorychecks.ItisuptothebundleprovidertodecideifhavingmultipleURIsispreferabletoasingleURIthatisgeodistributedthroughserver-sideinfrastructure.

TheprimaryneedforbundleURIsistospeedupclones.TheGitclientwillinteractwithbundleURIsaccordingtothefollowingflow:

Notethatduringacloneweexpectthatallbundleswillberequired,andheuristicssuchasbundle..creationTokencanbeusedtodownloadbundlesinchronologicalorderorinparallel.

IfagivenbundleURIisabundlelistwithabundle.heuristicvalue,thentheclientcanchoosetostorethatURIasitschosenbundleURI.TheclientcanthennavigatedirectlytothatURIduringlatergitfetchcalls.

WhendownloadingbundleURIs,theclientcanchoosetoinspecttheinitialcontentbeforecommittingtodownloadingtheentirecontent.ThismayprovideenoughinformationtodetermineiftheURIisabundlelistorabundle.Inthecaseofabundle,theclientmayinspectthebundleheadertodeterminethatalladvertisedtipsarealreadyintheclientrepositoryandcanceltheremainingdownload.

Whentheclientfetchesnewdata,itcandecidetofetchfrombundleserversbeforefetchingfromtheoriginremote.Thiscouldbedoneviaacommand-lineoption,butitismorelikelyusefultouseaconfigvaluesuchastheonespecifiedduringtheclone.

Thefetchoperationfollowsthesameproceduretodownloadbundlesfromabundlelist(althoughwedonotwanttouseparalleldownloadshere).WeexpectthattheprocesswillendwhenallprerequisitecommitOIDsinathinbundlearealreadyintheobjectdatabase.

WhenusingthecreationTokenheuristic,theclientcanavoiddownloadinganybundlesiftheircreationtokensarenotlargerthanthestoredcreationtoken.Afterfetchingnewbundles,Gitupdatesthislocalcreationtoken.

Ifthebundleproviderdoesnotprovideaheuristic,thentheclientshouldattempttoinspectthebundleheadersbeforedownloadingthefullbundledataincasethebundletipsalreadyexistintheclientrepository.

IftheGitclientdiscoverssomethingunexpectedwhiledownloadinginformationaccordingtoabundleURIorthebundlelistfoundatthatlocation,thenGitcanignorethatdataandcontinueasifitwasnotgivenabundleURI.TheremoteGitserveristheultimatesourceoftruth,notthebundleURI.

Hereareafewexampleerrorconditions:

Therearealsosituationsthatcouldbeseenaswasteful,butarenoterrorconditions:

ThebundleURIfeatureisintentionallydesignedtobeflexibletodifferentwaysabundleproviderwantstoorganizetheobjectdata.However,itcanbehelpfultohaveacompleteorganizationmodeldescribedheresoproviderscanstartfromthatbase.

ThisexampleorganizationisasimplifiedmodelofwhatisusedbytheGVFSCacheServers(seesectionneartheendofthisdocument)whichhavebeenbeneficialinspeedingupclonesandfetchesforverylargerepositories,althoughusingextrasoftwareoutsideofGit.

Thebundleserverrunsregularly-scheduledupdatesforthebundlelist,suchasonceaday.Duringthistask,theserverfetchesthelatestcontentsfromtheoriginserverandgeneratesabundlecontainingtheobjectsreachablefromthelatestoriginrefs,butnotcontainedinapreviously-computedbundle.Thisbundleisaddedtothelist,withcarethatthecreationTokenisstrictlygreaterthanthepreviousmaximumcreationToken.

Anexamplebundlelistisprovidedhere,althoughitonlyhastwodailybundlesandnotafulllistof30:

Theintentionofthisdataorganizationhastwomaingoals.First,initialclonesoftherepositorybecomefasterbydownloadingprecomputedobjectdatafromaclosersource.Second,gitfetchcommandscanbefaster,especiallyiftheclienthasnotfetchedforafewdays.However,ifaclientdoesnotfetchfor30days,thenthebundlelistorganizationwouldcauseredownloadingalargeamountofobjectdata.

Onewaytomakethisorganizationmoreusefultouserswhofetchfrequentlyistohavemorefrequentbundlecreation.Forexample,bundlescouldbecreatedeveryhour,andthenonceadaythose"hourly"bundlescouldbemergedintoa"daily"bundle.Thedailybundlesaremergedintotheoldestbundleafter30days.

Itisrecommendedthatthisbundlestrategyisrepeatedwiththeblob:nonefilterifclientsofthisrepositoryareexpectingtousebloblesspartialclones.Thislistofbloblessbundlesstaysinthesamelistasthefullbundles,butusesthebundle..filterkeytoseparatethetwogroups.Forverylargerepositories,thebundleprovidermaywanttoonlyprovidebloblessbundles.

Thisdesigndocumentisbeingsubmittedonitsownasanaspirationaldocument,withthegoalofimplementingallofthementionedclientfeaturesoverthecourseofseveralpatchseries.Hereisapotentialoutlineforsubmittingthesefeatures:

Asthesefeaturesarereviewed,thisplanmightbeupdated.Wealsoexpectthatnewdesignswillbediscoveredandimplementedasthisfeaturematuresandbecomesusedinreal-worldscenarios.

TheGitprotocolalreadyhasacapabilitywheretheGitservercanlistasetofURLsalongwiththepackfileresponsewhenservingaclientrequest.Theclientisthenexpectedtodownloadthepackfilesatthoselocationsinordertohaveacompleteunderstandingoftheresponse.

ThismechanismisusedbytheGerritserver(implementedwithJGit)andhasbeeneffectiveatreducingCPUloadandimprovinguserperformanceforclones.

Amajordownsidetothismechanismisthattheoriginserverneedstoknowexactlywhatisinthosepackfiles,andthepackfilesneedtobeavailabletotheuserforsometimeaftertheserverhasresponded.Thiscouplingbetweentheoriginandthepackfiledataisdifficulttomanage.

Further,thisimplementationisextremelyhardtomakeworkwithfetches.

TheendpointthatVFSforGitisfamousforistheGET/gvfs/objects/{oid}endpoint,whichallowsdownloadinganobjecton-demand.Thisisacriticalpieceofthefilesystemvirtualizationofthatproduct.

However,amoresubtleneedistheGET/gvfs/prefetchlastPackTimestamp=endpoint.Givenanoptionaltimestamp,thecacheserverrespondswithalistofprecomputedpackfilescontainingthecommitsandtreesthatwereintroducedinthosetimeintervals.

Thecacheservercomputesthese"prefetch"packfilesusingthefollowingstrategy:

Whenauserrunsgvfscloneorscalarcloneagainstarepowithcacheservers,theclientrequestsallprefetchpackfiles,whichisatmost24+30+1packfilesdownloadingonlycommitsandtrees.Theclientthenfollowswitharequesttotheoriginserverforthereferences,andattemptstocheckoutthattipreference.(Thereisanextraendpointthathelpsgetallreachabletreesfromagivencommit,incasethatcommitwasnotalreadyinaprefetchpackfile.)

Duringagitfetch,ahookrequeststheprefetchendpointusingthemost-recenttimestampfromapreviously-downloadedprefetchpackfile.Onlythelistofpackfileswithlatertimestampsaredownloaded.Mostusersfetchhourly,sotheygetatmostonehourlyprefetchpack.Userswhosemachineshavebeenofforotherwisehavenotfetchedinover30daysmightredownloadallprefetchpackfiles.Thisisrare.

Itisimportanttonotethattheclientsalwayscontacttheoriginserverfortherefsadvertisement,sotherefsarefrequently"ahead"oftheprefetchedpackdata.Themissingobjectsaredownloadedon-demandusingtheGETgvfs/objects/{oid}requests,whenneededbyacommandsuchasgitcheckoutorgitlog.SomeGitoptimizationsdisablechecksthatwouldcausetheseon-demanddownloadstobetooaggressive.

THE END

BundleURIs

MSE功能发布记录微服务引擎(MSE)

开发公司前端上传文件设置请求头multipart/formdata上传失败巴掌软件

前端Umi3搭建项目+统一错误拦截个人文章

umi

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