Python3的安装Lyf凤

Windows下安装Python3的方式有两种,一种是通过Anaconda安装,Anaconda提供了Python的科学计算环境,里面自带了Python以及常用的库,如果选用了此种方式后面的环境配置方式会更加简便,另一种是直接下载安装包安装,即标准的安装方式。下面会依次介绍这两种安装方式,任选其一即可。

图1-1AnacondaWindows下载页面

如果下载速度过慢可以选择使用清华大学镜像,

可以选择需要的版本进行下载,速度相比官网会快很多。

下载完成之后直接双击运行安装包安装即可,安装完成之后Python3的环境就配置好了。

推荐直接下载可执行文件安装包安装,到官方网站下载Python3安装包。

下载页面如图1-2所示:

图1-2Python下载页面

64位系统可以下载Windowsx86-64executableinstaller,32位系统可以下载Windowsx86executableinstaller。

下载完成之后,直接双击运行Python安装包,使用图形界面安装,设置好Python的安装路径,完成后将Python3和Python3的Scripts目录配置到环境变量即可。

环境变量的配置,此处以Win10系统为例进行演示。

假如我安装后的Python3路径为C:\Python36,从资源管理器中打开该路径,如图1-3所示:

图1-3Python安装目录

将该路径复制下来。

随后打开电脑-属性,如图1-4所示:

图1-4系统属性

点击左侧的高级系统设置,即可看到在弹出的窗口中下方有环境变量按钮,如图1-5所示:

图1-5高级系统设置

点击环境变量,找到系统变量下的Path变量,随后点击编辑按钮,如图1-6所示:

图1-6环境变量

随后点击新建,新建一个条目,将刚才拷贝的C:\Python36复制进去,当然此处的路径就是你的Python3安装目录,请自行替换,然后再把C:\Python36\Scripts路径复制进去,如图1-7所示:

图1-7编辑环境变量

最后点击确定即可完成环境变量的配置。

配置好环境变量之后,我们就可以直接在命令行直接执行环境变量路径下的可执行文件了,如python、pip等命令。

以上两种安装方式任选其一即可完成安装,但如果我们之前安装过Python2的话,可能会导致版本冲突问题,比如在命令行下输入python就不知道是调用的Python2还是Python3了,为了解决这个问题,建议将安装目录中的python.exe复制一份,命名为python3.exe,这样便可以调用python3命令了,实际上和python命令是完全一致的,这样可以更好地区分Python版本,当然如果没有安装过Python2的话也建议添加此别名,添加完毕之后如图1-8所示:

图1-8添加别名

对于Pip来说,安装包中自带了pip3.exe可执行文件,我们也可以直接使用pip3命令,无需额外配置。

安装完成之后我们可以通过命令行测试一下安装是否成功,在开始菜单搜索cmd,找到命令提示符,就进入了命令行模式,输入python测试一下能否成功调用python,如果添加了别名的话可以输入python3测试,在这里输入的是python3,如图1-9所示:

图1-9测试验证页面

类似输出结果如下:

$python3Python3.6.1(v3.6.1:69c0db5,Mar212017,17:54:52)[MSCv.190032bit(Intel)]onwin32Type"help","copyright","credits"or"license"formoreinformation.>>>print('HelloWorld')HelloWorld>>>exit()$pip3-Vpip9.0.1fromc:\python36\lib\site-packages(python3.6)如果出现类似上面的提示,则证明Python3和Pip3均安装成功,如果提示命令不存在,那么请检查下环境变量的配置情况。

Linux下安装方式有多种,命令安装、源码安装、Anaconda安装。

不同的Linux发行版本安装方式又有不同,在此分别予以介绍。

如果是CentOS或RedHat版本,使用yum命令安装即可。

下面列出了Python3.5和3.4两个版本的安装方法,可以自行选择。

Python3.5版本:

Python3.4版本:

sudoyumgroupinstall-ydevelopmenttoolssudoyuminstall-yepel-releasepython34-devellibxslt-devellibxml2-developenssl-develsudoyuminstall-ypython34sudoyuminstall-ypython34-setuptoolssudoeasy_install-3.4pip执行完毕之后便可以成功安装Python3.4及Pip3。

首先安装Python3,使用apt-get安装即可,在安装前还需安装一些基础库,命令如下:

sudoapt-getinstall-ypython3-devbuild-essentiallibssl-devlibffi-devlibxml2libxml2-devlibxslt1-devzlib1g-devlibcurl4-openssl-devsudoapt-getinstall-ypython3执行完如上命令之后就可以成功安装好Python3了。

然后还需要安装Pip3,仍然使用apt-get安装即可,命令如下:

sudoapt-getinstall-ypython3-pip执行完毕之后便可以成功安装Python3及Pip3。

如果命令行安装方式有问题,还可以下载Python3源码进行安装。

首先创建安装目录,命令如下:

sudomkdir/usr/local/python3随后下载安装包并解压进入,命令如下:

sudo./configure--prefix=/usr/local/python3sudomakesudomakeinstall安装完成之后创建Python3链接,命令如下:

sudoln-s/usr/local/python3/bin/python3/usr/bin/python3随后下载Pip安装包并安装,命令如下:

sudoln-s/usr/local/python3/bin/pip/usr/bin/pip3这样就成功安装好了Python3及Pip3。

图1-10AnacondaLinux下载页面

如果下载速度过慢同样可以使用清华镜像,参考Windows部分的介绍,在此不再赘述。

命令行测试Python3和Pip3是否安装成功。

$python3Python3.5.2(default,Nov172016,17:05:23)Type"help","copyright","credits"or"license"formoreinformation.>>>exit()$pip3-Vpip8.1.1from/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages(python3.5)如出现类似上面的提示,则证明Python3和Pip3安装成功。

在Mac下同样有多种安装方式,如Homebrew、安装包安装、Anaconda安装等,推荐使用Homebrew安装。

执行如下命令即可安装Homebrew:

brewinstallpython3命令执行完成之后发现Python3和Pip3均已经安装成功。

图1-11Python下载页面

Mac平台下可以选择下载MacOSX64-bit/32-bitinstaller,下载完成之后打开安装包按照提示安装即可。

图1-12AnacondaMac下载页面

打开终端,在命令行测试Python3和Pip3是否成功安装,如图1-13所示:

THE END
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