英语写作中常见问题就是如何连接各个句子,使之能够流畅地承上启下,更顺畅地表达出自己的观点。
1)先后次序关系:
atthistime;first;second;atlast;next;previously;simultaneously同时地;eventually;lastbutnotleast;tobeginwith;tostartwith;toendwith;finally;seeing...由于,因为;sincethen;firstofall;afterwards后来;followingthis;preceding先前的;originally最初的ultimate最终的,极限的,根本的
2)因果关系:
because;becauseofthis;beingthat(口语)既然,因为;anotherimportantfactor/reasonof...;since;as;for;inthat...;owingto由于,通常负面;dueto由于;forthereasonthat...;inviewof鉴于,考虑到resultfrom归因于thereasonseemstobeobvious;thereareabout...;forthisreason;asaresultofthis;therefore;...andso...;consequently所以,因此;asaresult;thus这样,如此,因而;hence因此;so;sothat...;inconsequence结果,结果;asaconsequence;accordingly因此,于是,相应地;inevitably不可避免地;undertheseconditionsthereupon因此于是upon迫近
3)转折关系:
but;evenso;however;though;eventhough;independentof;recklessof不顾;despitethat;inspiteofthat;regardlessof不顾;yet...;andyet;butunless.Nonetheless尽管如此
4)并列关系:
and;also;too;aswellas;either...,or...;both...and...
5)(补充)递进关系:
furthermore此外,而且;moreover而且,此外;further进一步地,此外;Inthisway;still;notonly...butalso...;not...but...;inaddition(to);additionally,muchmoreinteresting,morespecifically更具体地说,next,besides;asfaras...isconcerned至于;moreover此外;inotherwords;
alongthislineofconsideration;on(the)onehand...在一方面,ontheotherhand...;even;asasayinggoes...;inordertodoit...;meanwhile同时;atthesametime;accordingly因此;Inthefirstplace...,inthesecondplace...;equallyimportant;ofevengreaterappeal.
6)比较关系:
similarly;inlikemanner,incomparisonwith;whencomparedwith;comparedwith;wheninfact...;like...;likewise同样地,也;similarlyimportant;apartfrom(doing)...;...ratherthan...,bydoingso;both…and...;inthesameway;notonly...but(also).
7)对照(不同点):
yet;still;forallofthat;notwithstanding虽然,尽管;rather当然,的确,宁愿,相当;neither...nor;although;though;but;however;somethingisjusttheotherwayaround;yet;conversely相反的;unlike;opposedto;asopposedtothis与不同;incontrast(to);bywayof;onthecontrary;differentfromthis;nevertheless然而,不过,虽然如此;contraryto;whereas但是,鉴于;while;butontheotherhand
8)举例关系:
forexample;forinstance例如;inthiscase既然假若这样;namely也就是instance例子实例
换句话说;asyouknow;youmayas/say;asheexplains;like;suchas;acaseinpointis一个恰当的例子是...;consider...;inparticular尤其特别;including...;foronething...首先,foranother...;putitsimply;statedroughly粗糙地,概略地;asanillustration,Iwillsay...;agoodexample(of...)wouldbe...;todetailthis,Iwouldliketo...;Itisinterestingtonotethat...;inthissituation;asproof;takethecaseof;takeasexample(something);asfor;asregards;asto;accordingto;onthisoccasion.
9)强调关系:
infact;especially;particularly特别,尤其;moreover(此外);naturally;whatismoreimportant;inreality事实上;certainly;ofcourse;indeed;inparticular;nottomention...;believeitornot;undeniably(无可置疑);otherthingbeingequal;itiscertain/surethat...;tobestrict;tobetrue;bydefinition;definitely明确地,肯定地;undoubtedly;withoutadoubt;intruth,inanyevent(不论怎样);withoutreservation(毫无保留地);obviously,notonly..but(also...),both...and...
10)条件关系:
if;unless;lest;providedthat;ifitisthecase;inthissense;once...;ifpossible;ifnecessary;ifso;ifnotall;ifanything.
11)归纳总结类:
inaword/insum/inshort
inbrief/inconclusion/insummary
therefore因此,所以/hence因此,今后
tosumup/toconclude
theconclusioncanbedrawnthat
forthisreason/onthewhole
12)地点关系:
beyond;oppositeto;adjacent邻近to;atthesameplace;there;over;inthemiddle;around;infrontof;inthedistance;farther;hereandthere;above;below;attheright;between;onthisside.
13)目的关系:
withthisobject无证;forthispurpose;inorderthat;inthisway,since;sothat;onthataccount由于。。。缘故;incase万一;withaviewto考虑到;forthesamereason.
14)重申关系:
inotherwords;thatistosay;asIhavesaid;again;onceagain.
15)结果关系:
accordingly;thus;consequently(因此);hence;therefore;thereupon;inevitably;undertheseconditions;asaresult;asaconsequence;because;becauseof;sothat;notonly...but(also...);so...asto.
16)顺序关系:
first;second;thirdly;next;then;attheoutset(在开始时),followingthis;atthistime;now;atthispoint;after;afterward后来;afterthis;subsequently后来;lastly最终;finally;consequently所以,因此;beforethis;previously;precedingthis;simultaneously同时地;concurrently(同时发生的)
atonce;immediately;atlength终于,最后;inthemeantime同时;meanwhile;atthesametime;intheend;then;soon;notlongafter;later;atonce;atlast;finally;sometimeago;atpresent;allofasudden突然;fromthistimeon;fromtimetotime;sincethen;when;whenever;nextpoint;afewminuteslater;formerly;as;once;since;occasionally偶然地;inamoment;shortly立刻;whereupon于是,因此;previouslyHenceforth今后
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