6月四六级考试还有42天,大家开始复习作文了吗?
写作,四六级考试中神奇的一个板块。
普遍反应拉不开差距的是写作,
四六级上岸之前差的那“临门一脚”往往也是写作。
对于基础较为薄弱的同学来说,写作就是帮你弥补听力阅读的“救命稻草”!
对于想要拿高分的同学来说,写作也决定了你是否能摆脱“中上”的分数段,高分上岸。
搜集近三年四级考试的作文题目,我们可以看到,四级作文命题越来越看重实用性和时效性。
在2020年7月到2023年3月的四级考试中,共计24篇作文,其中应用文高达9篇。
剩余13篇可以分为三个大类:现象类、说明类、议论类,以及23年加考的一篇书籍介绍和研讨会记录。
另外,所有作文的行文都紧紧围绕着“校园(学生)、科技(衍生产品及所带来的影响)”两大主题。
01应用文
与其他文体不同,应用文更加看重格式。不同的文体书写的格式也不尽相同。在我们遇到应用文时,只要对症下药,找对格式,然后根据题干要求,“有求必应”,就能一举拿下应用文写作!
以下是近三年四级写作应用文给类别的出现频率:
建议书x3,计划书x2,报告x2,申请x1,邀请x1
建议书
写作分三步走:
自我介绍、说明来意——具体建议——希望对方采纳、期盼回复。
行文举例:
Dear____,(称呼可齐头可缩进)
Iam...Iamwritingto...(主体内容)
Lookingforwardtoyourreply./Hopingtohearfromyousoon./Wishingyou...(结束语)
Yourssincerely(署名)____
经典表达:
常用词汇/短语
feasible可行的
putforwardsomeadvice提出建议
withregardto关于;至于
bebeneficialto对……有益
decision-making决策
takemeasures采取措施
beofgreatimportance很重要
improvetheefficiency提高效率
foreseeafuture预见未来
常用句型
(1)表明写信意图:
Iamwritingthislettertorender/givesomesuggestionson...(写信人主动提出建议)
Youhaveconsultedmeforsomeadviceabouthowto...,soIwouldtrytomakesomeconstructivesuggestions.(写信人受邀给出建议)
(2)提出建议:
Ithinkitwouldbebeneficialifyoucould...
(3)表达希望:
Iwouldbemorethanhappyifmysuggestionscouldbeconsideredandpositivechangescouldtakeplaceintheseregards.
计划书
计划书是应用文中较为简单的一个类别,对格式的要求也相对较低,计划书一般是围绕着某个活动的举办而写作的,
所以我们一般采用这种结构:背景→举办原因→内容主体(根据题干要求分条陈述)→表达希望。
Nowadays,...isofutmostimportance.(背景论述)
Withtheproposeof.....,.....(sb.)isplanningtoorganizea......(举办原因)
Thisprogram,organizedby......is.........Itincludes.......(根据题干要求进行补充)
Allmywishesforsuccessgotothisactivity.(结尾表示对此次活动的期望与祝愿)。
proposalforholdingacollege-wideEnglishpublicspeakingcontest
DearSirorMadam:
I'm名字,asecond-yearstudentfromBusinessDepartment.I'mwritingtomakeaproposalaboutholdingacollege-wideEnglishpublicspeakingcontestwiththetopicof"UniversityasIseeit".
Theaimsofthecontestaretwofold.First,studentsallovertheUniversityareofferedanopportunitytodemonstratetheirabilitytocommunicateeffectivelyinEnglish.Second,thecontestcouldserveasaforumforstudentsfromdifferentbackgroundtosharetheirinsightsandexperiences.Itisimportanttonotethatonlyacurrentundergraduatestudentiseligibleforthecontest.Eachofthecontestantswouldbeaskedtodeliverapreparedspeechof5minutesandanimpromptuspeechbasedonthetopicassignedafterthepreparedspeech.Thecontestwouldbeanoff-lineeventattheInternationalConferenceHallon日期.ApanelfromtheESLfacultyshallselectfivefinalistsfromallparticipants.Thefinalistswouldpresenttheirspeechesafterwhichthreewinners(andtwohonorablementions)wouldbechosen.
I'mlookingforwardtoyourreply.Thankyouverymuchforeverythingyou'vedone.Wishyouallthebest.
Yourssincerely,
名字
ProposalforanOrientationProgram
DearSirorMadam,
I’m名字.I’mwritingtomakeaproposaltoconductanorientationprogramforfreshmen.Themajorpurposeoftheorientationprogramistoenablefreshmentoadapttothecampusenvironmentandacademiclifeassoonaspossible.Thedurationoftheprojectisexpectedtobeoneweek.Participantsincludeallfreshmen,teachersandacademicstaff.
Theorientationisdividedintothreeparts:aschoollecture,astudentactivityandacampustour.Intheschoollecture,wewillintroducetheschoolbackground,professionaltrainingobjectivesandhowtoselectcourses,soastohelpstudentsquicklyembarkontheirlearningjourney.Atthestudentactivity,therewillbesomeinterestinggamestohelpfreshmengettoknoweachotherquicklyandmakecontacts.Thelastpartisacampustour,wherestudentswillvisittheschool'steachingbuilding,library,restaurant,andsoon,soastohelpthemtoquicklyadjusttocampuslife.
Ihopethefreshmencanquicklyadapttothenewenvironmentandacademicstudiesthroughthisorientation.I’mlookingforwardtoyourreply.Wishyouallthebest.
报告
报告是针对过去发生的活动或者事件的陈述,报告强调的是facts。陈述的客观性是报告文体的特点,所以我们在写报告时不能带有个人色彩,要避免反问句一类的口语化表达。
Reporton.......(标题)
Aftertheirarrival,they......Thenthey.....When......(正文:对事件或人物进行详细描写).
Whattheydidhas......./Thisactivity/programhas.....(结束语:概括、总结或预测)
ReportonUsedBooksCollectingonCampus
IhavejustparticipatedinaschoolprojectofcollectingusedbooksoncampuswhichIfindreallyrewarding.Herearesomedetailsoftheproject.
Theaimoftheprojectistodonatebookstoaprimaryschoolinasmallvillageoutsidethetown.Meanwhile,it'salsoaimedtoprotecttheenvironmentbyrecyclingoldbooks.Boththestudentsandtheteachersoncampusparticipatedintheproject.What'smore,someofthegraduatesalsocamebackandgaveawaytheirbooks.Allthebookscollectedweretoenlargethecollectionoftheprimaryschool'slibrary.Thereweretwoactivitiesinthisproject,bookdonationandcharitybazaarofoldbooks.Bothachievedgreatsuccessincollectingusedbooks.
Weareveryhappytoreportthat,bynow,about1,500bookshavebeencollectedandthenumberisstillgrowing.Ihopemoreandmoreactivitiesofthiskindwillbeheldoncampusinthefollowingdays.
申请书
申请书和自荐信的写作方法相类似。
写作目的→申请原因→描述自己的优势→恳请语
Iamwritingthislettertoapplyforthischanceas......(写作目的)
申请原因部分的写作较为灵活,没有固定模板,但是我们一般可以采用转折的手法来写作。
万能公式↓
陈述现状→指出现状的不足之处→申请成功能够如何改善现状
Asa.......,Iamcommittedto....andhavetheconfidenceandstrengthin.....(阐述自身优势以及与申请的匹配度)
Iwillappreciateitverymuchifyoucantakemeintoconsiderationforthispost.(恳请语)
邀请书
Dear,_______
Iamgreatlyhonoredtoformallyinviteyoutoparticipateinat/in_________.It’salongtimesincewehavehadthepleasureofseeingyouandwedohopeyoucancome.
Asyouareaclosefriendofus,wewouldverymuchlikeyoutoattendthe_______Iamsurethatyouwillbeinterestedin_____.Tobeginwith,_____.Inaddition,_______.Enclosedisthedetailsof______.Yourparticipationisveryimportantbecause_______.
Ifyoudonothaveanypriorappointmenton.Wedohopethatyoucanmakeit.Ifnot,woulditbepossibleforyoutodropusalinebefore______Thankyouverymuch.Yourssincerely,_________
02现象类
现象类的作文顾名思义就是先给出一个社会现象,然后让考生围绕这个现象展开论述。
行文思路:
引出现象(是什么)
分析现象背后的动因(为什么)
评价这个现象(怎么样)
启示:这个现象反映出了什么?针对这一现象,我们应该怎么做?
Recentyearshavewitnessed_______(引出现象)
Therootcauseofthephenomenonis_______.(分析现象背后的动因)
AsfarasIamconcerned_______isadvantageous/toxic/double-edgedsword.
Ononehand..Ontheotherhand_______(评价现象)
Itistheepitomeof_______./Itembodies/reflect_______(现象反映出的内容)
Itishightimewedid_______asawayto_______.(怎么做)
句子积累
Itiscommonlythoughtthankstomodemscienceandtechnology,greatchangescanbeseeninoursociety,andhumanshavemadestellar/notableprogressinscienceandtechnologyovertherecentdecades.
人们普遍认为现代科技使我们的社会发生了翻天覆地的改变,近几十年来人类在科技方面取得了卓越的进步。(交代背景)
Inrecentyears,...isbecomingincreasinglyprevalent/isinvogue.
近些年来......越来越流行。(引出现象)
Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,conclusioncanbedrawnthat...
根据以上讨论,可以得出结论:(评价现象)
Havingknowntherootcausesofthephenomenon,itishightimeforusto...
在认识现象背后的根源之后,我们是时候要...了(开始论述做法)
Changesinthewayoftransportation
Thankstotherapiddevelopmentofautomationandnewtechnologies,meansoftransportationhavechangedfundamentallyoverthelastfewdecades.Transformedtravellingmodesgreatlyimprovedpeople’sdailylife.
Tostartwith,thecostoftransportationhasdroppedconsiderably.Forexample,flightandtrainticketsaremuchcheaperthanbefore.Whatcomesalongwithlowerpricesismoreoptions.Besides,thespeedandthelevelofcomfortduringthejourneyhastremendouslyimproved.Moreover,amoreextensivenetworkallowspeopletotravelfreelynotonlywithintheirusuallivingarea,butalsotofartherpartsoftheworld.Thecomplexnetworkofroads,highways,railwaysandairandsearoutesconnectsallcornersoftheworld.
Tosumup,effectivetransportationsystemswillcontinuetobringconveniencetopeople'slives.Somemightargueagainstsuchstancebecauseofthepollutioncausedbyit,yetI’mstillconvincedthatmoderntransportationsystemcanbenefitallhumans.
03描述说明类
描述说明类作文与现象类作文最大的区别就是现象类的写作主体是现象,而说明类的主体是物。(2020.7&9)
行文和现象类相仿
引出说明对象(是什么)
简要分析说明对象出现的原因(为什么)
评价说明对象(怎么样)
启示:说明对象反映出了什么?我们应该如何对待这个对象?
Withthestepof_______,_______sringup(引出说明对象+交代原因)
AsfarasIamconcerned...isthelocomotive/driverforce/thehinderfor/adouble-edgedsword.Ononehand..Ontheotherhand....(评价对象)
Theprevalenceof_______mirrors_______
Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,whatweshoulddoisto_______(如何正确对待这一对象)
翻译app的使用:
Theuseoftranslationappsisbecomingincreasinglypopular.WhyAdmittedly,inthecontemporaysociety,anincreasingnumberofpeople,withthehelpoftranslationapps,finditconvenienttoreadforeignliteratureoressays.
Ontheonehand,theseappscanbringusersgreaterefficiencyandhelpthemsavemoretimeorenergy,particularlyforthosewhohavenoknowledgeofaforeignlanguage.Forinstance,ahostofpeoplemayhaveavarietyofdifficultiesortroublesinlearningEnglish,butwiththeassistanceoftheseapps,itwillnotbedifficultforthemtoreadandunderstandEnglishmaterials.Ontheotherhand,itistheseappsthatcuasesomelearnerstolosemotivationforstudying.WithAppsinhand,theyarenotwillingtodotheirutmosttomemorizenewwords,praticespeakingorwritingskillseveryday.Fianlly,theywillfailtogetagoodcommandofanyforeignlanguage.
I,asacollegestudent,deemthatitisofgreatnecessityforyoungsterstousetranslationsappsinarationalway.Weshouldbearinmindthatanytranslationappismerelyatool.Providedthatoneintendstomasteraforeignlanguage,itisadvisabeltopracticeeachdayinsteadofrelyingontranslationapps.
04观点议论类
观点议论类是四六级考试中极为常见的一种写作类型。这类作文一般会在两种情况下出现。
情况1:在题干中给出一个有争议的问题,考生需要给出自己的观点并提供有力的论据支持自己的观点,这类作文强调逻辑性和辩证性,一些有说服力的举例论证,罗列数据,都是加分项。
情况2:要求就某一话题展开论述,考生需要围绕该主题给出自己的观点并提供有力的论据支持自己的观点,同样需要逻辑性和辩证性,有举例和数据更佳。
Thereisnoconsensusofopinionsamongpeopleabout...(争论的焦点)。
Somepeopleareoftheviewthat观点1,whileotherstaketheoppositeside,firmlybelievingthat观点2。
AsfarasIamconcerned,theformer/latternotionispreferableinmanysenses.Thereasonsareobvious.(交代观点)
Firstofall,论据1.Furthermore,论据2.Amongallofthesupportingevidence,oneisthestrongest.Thatis,论据3.
However,everycornerhasbothsides,theformer/latternotion,inotherword,also......(辩证,这一部分尽量简短)
Anaturalconclusionfromtheabovediscussionisthat总结观点。
Asacollegestudent,Iamsupposedto...(联系实际)
比如2023年3月加考的两篇作文
1.介绍一本书并阐释它的可读之处
2.记录一场学业规划研讨会的内容并概述参与心得
题目一不多说,行文其实非常简单,只要介绍一本书再写出这本书的亮点即可。
但一些没有阅读习惯的考生可就在考场上抓瞎了,备考这类作文只能通过平时培养阅读习惯,或者至少对一些书籍的内容有一定了解,才能“囊中有货”。
题目二乍一看非常陌生,其实和我们的行文和议论类写作大同小异。
第一部分我们需要记叙研讨会的内容,
第二部分我们就仿照观点议论类写作的情况2,就“学业规划心得”展开论述即可。
分析近三年的四级写作,不难发现科技类的话题是命题热点,大家可以在沪江搜写作科技类话题词,进行学习哦~