SaddamHussein

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Asvicepresidentunderhiscousin,GeneralAhmedHassanal-Bakr,Saddamtightlycontrolledconflictbetweenthegovernmentandthearmedforcesbycreatingrepressivesecurityforcesandcementinghisownauthorityovertheapparatusofgovernment.

Soonafterbecomingdeputytothepresident,Saddamdemandedandreceivedtherankoffour-stargeneraldespitehislackofmilitarytraining.

SaddamactivelyfosteredthemodernizationoftheIraqieconomyalongwiththecreationofastrongsecurityapparatustopreventcoupswithinthepowerstructureandinsurrectionsapartfromit.EverconcernedwithbroadeninghisbaseofsupportamongthediverseelementsofIraqisocietyandmobilizingmasssupport,hecloselyfollowedtheadministrationofstatewelfareanddevelopmentprograms.

Thebloodyeight-yearwarendedinastalemate.Therewerehundredsofthousandsofcasualties,perhapsupwardsof1.7milliondiedonbothsides.Botheconomies,previouslyhealthyandexpanding,wereleftinruins.

Toraisemoneyforpostwarreconstruction,Saddampushedoil-exportingcountriestoraiseoilpricesbycuttingbackoilproduction.KuwaitrefusedtocutproductionandspearheadedtheoppositioninOPECtothecutsthatSaddamhadrequested.Kuwaitwaspumpinglargeamountsofoil,andthuskeepingpriceslow,whenIraqneededtosellhigh-pricedoilfromitswellstopayoffitshugedebt.

SaddamfurtherallegedthattheKuwaitslantdrilledoiloutofwellsthatIraqconsideredtobewithinitsdisputedborderwithKuwait.GiventhatatthetimeIraqwasnotregardedasapariahstate,SaddamwasabletocomplainabouttheallegedslantdrillingtotheU.S.StateDepartment.Althoughthishadcontinuedforyears,Saddamnowneededoilmoneytostemaloomingeconomiccrisis.Saddamstillhadanexperiencedandwell-equippedarmy,whichheusedtoinfluenceregionalaffairs.HeorderedtroopstotheIraq-Kuwaitborder.

TheUNsanctionsplaceduponIraqwhenitinvadedKuwaitwerenotlifted,blockingIraqioilexports.ThiscausedimmensehardshipinIraqandvirtuallydestroyedtheIraqieconomyandstateinfrastructure.OnlysmugglingacrosstheSyrianborderandhumanitarianaid(theUNOil-for-FoodProgramme)amelioratedthehumanitariancrisis.LimitedamountsofincomefromtheUnitedNationsstartedflowingintoIraqthroughtheUNOil-for-FoodProgramme.

AfteraboutmiddaymyDadsentcarsfromhisprivatecollectionforus.Weweretoldtogetin.Wehadalmostlostcontactwithmyfatherandbrothersbecausethingshadgotoutofhand.Isawwithmyowneyesthe[Iraqi]armywithdrawingandtheterrifiedfacesoftheIraqisoldierswho,unfortunately,wererunningawayandlookingaroundthem.Missileswerefallingonmyleftandmyright-theywerenotmorethanfiftyoronehundredmetersaway.Wemovedinsmallcars.Ihadagunbetweenmyfeetjustincase.AttributedtoRaghadHussein

ThenaccordingtothetestimonyofaformerbodyguardSaddamHusseindismissedalmosthisentirestaff:

Afterthishechangedoutofhisuniformandwithonlytwobodyguardstoguardhim,leftBaghdadinaplainwhiteOldsmobileandmadehiswaytoaspeciallypreparedbunkerinDialahonthenorthernoutskirtsofthecity.

AyadAllawiininterviewstatedthatSaddamstayedintheDialahbunkerforthreeweeksasBaghdadandtherestofIraqwereoccupiedbyUSforces.Initiallyheandhisentourageusedsatellitetelephonestocommunicatewitheachother.Asthisbecamemoreriskytheyresortedtosendingcourierswithwrittenmessages.Oneofthesecourierswasreportedtohavebeenhisownnephew.However,theircoverwasgivenawaywhenoneofthecourierswascapturedandSaddamwasforcedtoevacuatetheDialahbunkerandresortedtochanginglocationeveryfewhours.TherewerenumeroussightingsofhiminBeiji,BaqubaandTikrittothenorthofBaghdadoverthenextfewmonthsasheshuttledbetweensafehousesdisguisedasashepherdinaplaintaxi.Howclosehecametobeingcapturedduringthisperiodmayneverbemadepublic.SometimeinthemiddleofMayhemovedtothecountrysidearoundhishometownofTikrit.

AseriesofaudiotapesclaimingtobefromSaddamwerereleasedatvarioustimes,althoughtheauthenticityofthesetapesremainsuncertain.

Thisstory,however,likelyresultedtoexplainthemissingflags.Thecommanderofthe1stBattalion,22ndInfantryRegimentinTikritandAuja,wherethesonswereburied,hadthecemeteryheavilyguarded.TheflagswereremovedbyUnitedStatesforcestopreventhissonsbeinghonoredasmartyrs.TheseflagsnowresideattheUSNationalInfantryMuseumatFortBenning,Georgia.

WithinhoursColonelJamesHickey(1stBrigade,4thInfantryDivision)togetherwithUSSpecialOperationsForceslaunchedOperationRedDawnandundercoverofdarknessmadeforthevillageofAd-DawrontheoutskirtsofTikrit.TheinformerhadtoldUSforcestheformerpresidentwouldbeinoneoftwogroupsofbuildingsonafarmcodenamedWolverine1andWolverine2.

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SaddamHussein

1.GoldenTemple(HarmandirSahib)Punjab,Amritsar,FactsThe Golden Temple (Harmandir Sahib) is the chief gurdwara, or house of worship, of Sikhism and is the Sikhs’ most important pilgrimage site. It is located in the city of Amritsar, Punjab state, India.http://www.britannica.com/topic/Harmandir-Sahib
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