2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）
万学海文供稿
SectionIUseofEnglish
Directions：
Readthefollowingtext。Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA，B，CorDontheANSWERSHEET。（10points）
WhydopeoplereadnegativeInternetcommentsanddootherthingsthatwillobviouslybepainful？Becausehumanshaveaninherentneedto1uncertainty，accordingtoarecentstudyinPsychologicalScience。Thenewresearchrevealsthattheneedtoknowissostrongthatpeoplewill2tosatisfytheircuriosityevenwhenitiscleartheanswerwill3。
Inaseriesoffourexperiments，behavioralscientistsattheUniversityofChicagoandtheWisconsinSchoolofBusinesstested。Student’swillingnessto4themselvestounpleasantstimuliinanefforttosatisfycuriosity。Forone5eachparticipantwasshownapileofpensthattheresearcherclaimedwerefromapreviousexperiment。Thetwist？Halfofthepenswould6anelectricshockwhenclicked。
Twenty-sevenstudentsweretoldwhichpenswereelectrified，anothertwenty-sevenweretoldonlythatsomewereelectrified7leftaloneintheroom，thestudentswhodidnotknowwhichoneswouldshockthemclickedmorepensandincurredmoreshocksthanthestudentswhoknewwhatwould8subsequentexperimentsreproduced，thiseffectwithotherstimuli9thesoundoffingernailsonachalkboardandphotographsofdisgustinginsects。
Thedriveto_10_isdeeplyrootedinhumans。Muchthesameasthebasicdrivesfor_11_orshelter，saysChristopherHseeoftheUniversityofChicagoCuriosityisoftenconsideredagoodinstinct-itcan_12_NewScientificadvances，forinstance-butsometimessuch_13_canbackfire，theinsightthatcuriositycandriveyoutodo_14_thingsisaprofoundone。
Unhealthycuriosityispossibleto15，however，inafinalexperiment，participantswhowereencouragedto16howtheywouldfeelafterviewinganunpleasantpicturewerelesslikelyto17toseesuchanimage。Theseresultssuggestthatimaginingthe18offollowingthroughonone’scuriosityaheadoftimecanhelpdetermine19itisworththeendeavor。”Thinkingaboutlong-term20iskeytoreducingthepossiblenegativeeffectsofcuriosity。Hseesays“inotherwords，don’treadonlinecomments”。
6。[A]remove[B]weaken[C]interrupt[D]deliver
7。[A]when[B]if[C]though[D]unless
8。[A]continue[B]happen[C]disappear[D]change
9。[A]ratherthan[B]regardlessof[C]suchas[D]owingto
10。[A]discover[B]forgive[C]forget[D]disagree
11。[A]pay[B]marriage[C]schooling[D]food
12。[A]leadto[B]reston[C]learnfrom[D]beginwith
13。[A]withdrawal[B]persistence[C]inquiry[D]diligence
14。[A]self-reliant[B]self-destructive[C]self-evident[D]self-deceptive
15。[A]define[B]resist[C]replace[D]trace
16。[A]overlook[B]predict[C]design[D]conceal
17。[A]remember[B]promise[C]choose[D]pretend
18。[A]relief[B]plan[C]duty[D]outcome
19。[A]why[B]whether[C]where[D]how
20。[A]consequences[B]investments[C]strategies[D]limitations
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartA
Readthefollowingfourtexts。AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA，B，CorD。MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET。（40points）
Text1
ItiscuriousthatStephenKoziatekfeelsalmostasthoughhehastojustifyhiseffortstogivehisstudentsabetterfuture。
Mr。Koziatekispartofsomethingpioneering。HeisateacherataNewHampshirehighschoolwherelearningisnotsomethingofbooksandtestsandmechanicalmemorization，butpractical。Whendiditbecomeacceptedwisdomthatstudentsshouldbeabletonamethe13thpresidentoftheUnitedStatesbutbeutterlyoverwhelmedbyabrokenbikechain？
AsKoziatekknows，thereislearninginjustabouteverything。Nothingisnecessarilygainedbyforcingstudentstolearngeometryatagraffitieddeskstuckwithgenerationsofdiscardedchewinggum。Theycanalsolearngeometrybyassemblingabicycle。
Buthe’salsofoundakindofinsidiousprejudice。Workingwithyourhandsisseenasalmostamarkofinferiority。Schoolsinthefamilyofvocationaleducation“havethatstereotype。。。thatit’sforkidswhocan’tmakeitacademically，”hesays。
Ononehand，thatviewpointisalogicalproductofAmerica’sevolution。Manufacturingisnottheeconomicenginethatitoncewas。ThejobsecuritythattheUSeconomyonceofferedtohighschoolgraduateshaslargelyevaporated。Moreeducationisthenewprinciple。Wewantmoreforourkids，andrightfullyso。
Buttheheadlongpushintobachelor’sdegreesforall–andthesubtledevaluingofanythingless–missesanimportantpoint：That’snottheonlythingtheAmericaneconomyneed。Yes，abachelor’sdegreeopensmoredoors。Butevennow，54percentofthejobsinthecountryaremiddle-skilljobs，suchasconstructionandhigh-skillmanufacturing。Butonly44percentofworkersareadequatelytrained。
Inotherwords，atatimewhentheworkingclasshasturnedthecountryonitspoliticalhead，frustratedthattheopportunitythatoncedefinedAmericaisvanishing，oneobvioussolutionisstaringusintheface。Thereisagapinworking-classjobs，buttheworkerswhoneedthosejobsmostaren’tequippedtodothem。Koziatek’sManchesterschoolofTechnologyHighSchoolistryingtofillthatgap。
Koziatek’sschoolisawake-upcall。Wheneducationbecomesone-size-fits-all，itrisksoverlookinganation’sdiversityofgifts。
[A]practicalability
[B]academictraining
[C]pioneeringspirit
[D]mechanicalmemorization
[A]haveastereotypedmind
[B]havenocareermotivation
[C]arenotacademicallysuccessful
[D]arefinanciallydisadvantaged
[A]usedtohavebigfinancialconcerns
[B]usedtohavemorejobopportunities
[C]arereluctanttoworkinmanufacturing
[D]areentitledtomoreeducationalprivileges
[A]helpscreatealotofmiddle-skilljobs
[B]maynarrowthegapinworking-classjobs
[C]isexpectedtoyieldabetter-trainedworkforce
[D]indicatestheovervaluingofhighereducation
[A]supportive
[B]tolerant
[C]disappointed
[D]cautious
Text2
Whilefossilfuels—stillgenerateroughly85percentoftheworld’senergysupply，it’sclearerthaneverthatthefuturebelongstorenewablesourcessuchaswindandsolar。Themovetorenewablesispickingupmomentumaroundtheworld：Theynowaccountformorethanhalfofnewpowersourcesgoingonline。
Somegrowthstemsfromacommitmentbygovernmentsandfarsightedbusinessestofundcleanerenergysources。Butincreasinglythestoryisabouttheplummetingpricesofrenewables，especiallywindandsolar。Thecostofsolarpanelshasdroppedby80percentandthecostofwindturbinesbyclosetoone-thirdinthepasteightyears。
Inmanypartsoftheworldrenewableenergyisalreadyaprincipalenergysource。InScotland，forexample，windturbinesprovideenoughelectricitytopower95percentofhomes。Whiletherestoftheworldtakesthelead，notablyChinaandEurope，theUnitedStatesisalsoseeingaremarkableshift。InMarch，forthefirsttime，windandsolarpoweraccountedformorethan10percentofthepowergeneratedintheUS，reportedtheUSEnergyInformationAdministration。
PresidentTrumphasunderlinedfossilfuels—especiallycoal—asthepathtoeconomicgrowth。InarecentspeechinIowa，hedismissedwindpowerasanunreliableenergysource。ButthatmessagedidnotplaywellwithmanyinIowa，wherewindturbinesdotthefieldsandprovide36percentofthestate’selectricitygeneration—andwheretechgiantslikeMicrosoftarebeingattractedbytheavailabilityofcleanenergytopowertheirdatacenters。
Thequestion“Whathappenswhenthewinddoesn’tbloworthesundoesn’tshine？”hasprovidedaquickput-downforskeptics。Butaboostinthestoragecapacityofbatteriesismakingtheirabilitytokeeppowerflowingaroundtheclockmorelikely。
Theadvanceisdriveninpartbyvehiclemanufacturers，whoareplacingbigbetsonbattery-poweredelectricvehicles。Althoughelectriccarsarestillararityonroadsnow，thismassiveinvestmentcouldchangethepicturerapidlyincomingyears。
Whilethere’salongwaytogo，thetrendlinesforrenewablesarespiking。Thepaceofchangeinenergysourcesappearstobespeedingup—perhapsjustintimetohaveameaningfuleffectinslowingclimatechange。WhatWashingtondoes—ordoesn’tdo—topromotealternativeenergymaymeanlessandlessatatimeofaglobalshiftinthought。
[A]stabilizing
[B]changing
[C]falling
[D]rising
[A]isprogressingnotably
[B]isasextensiveasinEurope
[C]facesmanychallenges
[D]hasprovedtobeimpractical
[A]windisawidelyusedenergysource
[B]windenergyhasreplacedfossilfuels
[C]techgiantsareinvestingincleanenergy
[D]thereisashortageofcleanenergysupply
[A]Itsapplicationhasboostedbatterystorage。
[B]Itiscommonlyusedincarmanufacturing。
[C]Itscontinuoussupplyisbecomingareality。
[D]Itssustainableexploitationwillremaindifficult。
[A]willbringtheUSAclosertoothercountries。
[B]willaccelerateglobalenvironmentalchange。
[C]isnotreallyencouragedbytheUSAgovernment。
[D]isnotcompetitiveenoughwithregardtoitscost。
Text3
Thepowerandambitionofthegiantsofthedigitaleconomyisastonishing-AmazonhasjustannouncedthepurchaseoftheupmarketgrocerychainWholeFoodsfor$l3.5bn，buttwoyearsagoFacebookpaidevenmorethanthattoacquiretheWhatsAppmessagingservice，whichdoesn‘thaveanyphysicalproductatall。WhatWhatsAppofferedFacebookwasanintricateandfinelydetailedwebofitsusers’friendshipsandsociallives。
FacebookpromisedtheEuropeancommissionthenthatitwouldnotlinkphonenumberstoFacebookidentities，butitbrokethepromisealmostassoonasthedealwentthrough。Evenwithoutknowingwhatwasinthemessages，theknowledgeofwhosentthemandtowhomwasenormouslyrevealingandstillcouldbe。Whatpoliticaljournalist，whatpartywhip，wouldnotwanttoknowthemakeupoftheWhatsAppgroupsinwhichThereaMay‘senemiesarecurrentlyplotting？ItmaybethatthevalueofWholeFoodstoAmazonisnotsomuchthe460shopsitowns，buttherecordsofwhichcustomershavepurchasedwhat。
Competitionlawappearstobetheonlywaytoaddresstheseimbalancesofpower。Butitisclumsy。Foronething，itisveryslowcomparedtothepaceofChangewithinthedigitaleconomy。Bythetimeaproblemhasbeenaddressedandremedieditmayhavevanishedinthemarketplace，tobereplacedbynewabusesofpower。Butthereisadeeperconceptualproblem，too。Competitionlawaspresentlyinterpreteddealswithfinancialdisadvantagetoconsumersandthisisnotobviouswhentheusersoftheseservicesdon‘tpayforthem。TheusersoftheirServicesarenottheircustomers。Thatwouldbethepeoplewhobuyadvertisingfromthem-andFacebookandGoogle，thetwovirtualgiants，dominatedigitaladvertisingtothedisadvantageofallothermediaandentertainmentcompanies。
Theproductthey‘resellingisdata，andwe，theusers，convertourlivestodateforthebenefitofthedigitalgiants。Justassomeantsfarmthebugscalledaphidsforthehoneydewtheproducewhentheyfeed，soGooglefarmsusforthedatathatourdigitallivesyield。Antskeeppredatoryinsectsawayfromwheretheiraphidsfeed；Gmailkeepsthespammeoutofourinboxes。Itdoesn’tfeellikeahumanordemocraticrelationship，evenifbothsidesbenefit。
[A]digitalproducts
[B]userinformation
[C]physicalassets
[D]qualityservice
[A]worsenpoliticaldisputes
[B]messupcustomerrecords
[C]posearisktoFacebookusers
[D]misleadtheEuropeancommission
[A]shouldseverthenewmarketpowers
[B]mayworsentheeconomicimbalance
[C]shouldnotprovidejustonelegalsolution
[D]cannotkeeppacewiththechangingmarket
[A]theyarenotdefinedascustomers
[B]theyarenotfinanciallyreliable
[C]theservicesaregenerallydigital
[D]theservicesarepaidforbyadvertisers
[A]awin-winbusinessmodelbetweendigitalgiants
[B]atypicalcompetitionpatternamongdigitalgiants
[C]thebenefitsprovidedfordigitalgiants’customers
[D]therelationshipbetweendigitalgiantsandtheirusers
Text4
Tocombatthetrapofputtingapremiumonbeingbusy，CalNewport，authorofDeepWork：RulesforFocusedSuccessinaDistractedWorld，recommendsbuildingahabitof“deepwork”-theabilitytofocuswithoutdistraction。
Thereareanumberofapproachestomasteringtheartofdeepwork-beitlengthyretreatsdedicatedtoaspecifictask；developingadailyritual；ortakinga“journalistic”approachtoseizingmomentofdeepworkwhenyoucanthroughouttheday。Whicheverapproach，thekeyistodetermineyourlengthoffocustimeandsticktoit。
Newportalsorecommends“deepscheduling”tocombatconstantinterruptionsandgetmoredoneinlesstime。“Atanygivenpoint，Ishouldhavedeepworkscheduledforroughlythenextmouth。Onceonthecalendar，IprotectthistimelikeIwouldadoctor’sappointmentorimportantmeeting”，hewrites。
Anotherapproachtogettingmoredoneinlesstimeistorethinkhowyouprioritiesyourday–inparticularhowwecraftourto-dolists。TimHarford，authorofMessy：ThePowerofDisordertoTransformOurLives，pointstoastudyintheearly1980sthatdividedundergraduatesintotwogroups：somewereadvisedtosetoutmonthlygoalsandstudyactivities；othersweretoldtoplanactivitiesandgoalsinmuchmoredetail，daybyday。
Whiletheresearchersassumedthatthewell-structureddailyplanswouldbemosteffectivewhenitcametotheexecutionoftasks，theywerewrong：thedetaileddailyplansdemotivatedstudents。Harfordarguesthatinevitabledistractionsoftenrenderthedailyto-dolistineffective，whileleavingroomforimprovisationinsuchalistcanreapthebestresults。
Inordertomakethemostofourfocusandenergy，wealsoneedtoembracedowntime，orasNewportsuggests，“belazy”。
“Idlenessisnotjustavacation，anindulgenceoravice；itisasindispensabletothebrainasvitaminDistothebody…”[idleness]is，paradoxically，necessarytogettinganyworkdone，”heargues。
SriniPillay，anassistantprofessorofpsychiatryatHarvardMedicalSchool，believesthiscounterintuitivelinkbetweendowntimeandproductivitymaybeduetothemayourbrainsoperate。Whenourbrainsswitchbetweenbeingfocusedandunfocusedonatask，theytendtobemoreefficient。
“Whatpeopledon’trealiseisthatinordertocompletethesetaskstheyneedtouseboththefocusandunfocuscircuitsintheirbrain，”saysPillay。
[A]keeptoyourfocustime
[B]listyourimmediatetasks
[C]makespecificdailyplans
[D]seizeeveryminutetowork
[A]distractionsmayactuallyincreaseefficiency。
[B]dailyschedulesareindispensabletostudying
[C]studentsarehardlymotivatedbymonthlygoals
[D]detailedplansmaynotbeasfruitfulasexpected
[A]adesirablementalstateforbusypeople。
[B]amajorcontributortophysicalhealth
[C]aneffectivewaytosavetimeandenergy
[D]anessentialfactorinaccomplishinganywork
[A]canresultinpsychologicalwell-being
[B]canbringaboutgreaterefficiency
[C]isaimedatbetterbalanceinwork
[D]isdrivenbytaskurgency
[A]waystorelievethetensionofbusylife
[B]approachestogettingmoredoneinlesstime
[C]thekeytoeliminatingdistractions
[D]thecauseofthelackoffocustime
PartB
ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubtitlesfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph（41-45）。Therearetwoextrasubtitleswhichyoudonotneedtouse。MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET。（10points）
Fivewaystomakeconversationwithanyone
Conversationsarelinks，whichmeanswhenyouhaveaconversationwithanewpersonalinkgetsformedandeveryconversationyouhaveafterthatmomentwillstrengthenthelink。
Youmeetnewpeopleeveryday：thegroceryworker，thecabdriver，newpeopleatworkorthesecurityguardatthedoor。Simplystartingaconversationwiththemwillformalink。
Herearefivesimplewaysthatyoucanmakethefirstmoveandstartaconversationwithstrangers。
41、______________________________________________
Supposeyouareinaroomwithsomeoneyoudon’tknowandsomethingwithinyousays“Iwanttotalkwiththisperson”-thisissomethingthatmostlyhappenswithallofus。Youwantedtosaysomething-thefirstword–butitjustwon’tcomeout，itfeelslikeitisstucksomewhere。Iknowthefeelingandhereismyadvice：justgetitout。
Justthink：whatistheworstthatcouldhappen？Theywon’ttalkwithyou？Well，theyarenottalkingwithyounow！
Itrulybelievethatonceyougetthatfirstwordouteverythingelsewilljustflow。Sokeepitsimple：“Hi”，“Hey”or“Hello”-dothebestyoucantogatheralloftheenthusiasmandenergyyoucan，putonabigsmileandsay“Hi”。
42、______________________________________________
Itisaproblemallofusface；youhavelimitedtimewiththepersonthatyouwanttotalkwithandyouwanttomakethistalkmemorable。
Honestly，ifwegotstuckintheresultof“hi”，“hello”，”howareyou？”and“whatisgoingon？”，youwillfailtogivetheinitialjolttotheconversationthatcanmakeitsomemorable。
Sodon’tbeafraidtoaskmorepersonalquestions。Trustme，you’llbesurprisedtoseehowmuchpeoplearewillingtoshareifyoujustask。
43、______________________________________________
Whenyoumeetapersonforthefirsttime，makeanefforttofindthethingswhichyouand
thatpersonhaveincommonsothatyoucanbuildtheconversationfromthatpoint。Whenyou
startconversationfromthereandthenmoveoutwards，you‘llfindallofasuddenthattheconversationbecomesaloteasier。
44、______________________________________________
Imagineyouarepouringyourheartouttosomeoneandtheyarejustbusyontheirphone，andifyouaskfortheirattentionyougettheresponse“Icanmultitask”。
Sowhensomeonetriestocommunicatewithyou，justbeinthatcommunicationwholeheartedly。Mikeeyecontact。Trustme，eyecontactiswhereallthemagichappens。Whenyoumakeeyecontact，youcanfeeltheconversation。
45、______________________________________________
Youallcameintoaconversationwhereyoufirstmettheperson，butaftersometimeyoumayhavemetagainandhaveforgottentheirname。Isn’tthatawkward！
So，rememberthelittledetailsofthepeopleyoumetoryoutalkedwith；perhapstheplaces
theyhavebeento，theplacestheywanttogo，thethingstheylike，thethingstheyhate-whateveryoutalkabout。
Whenyouremembersuchthingsyoucanautomaticallybecomeinvestorintheirwellbeing。
Sotheyfeelaresponsibilitytoyoutokeepthatrelationshipgoing。
That’sit。Fiveamazingwaysthatyoucanmakeconversationwithalmostanyone。Every
personisareallygoodbooktoread，ortohaveaconversationwith！
SectionIIITranslation
46.Directions：
TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese。WriteyourtranslationneatlyontheANSWERSHEET。（15points）
Afifthgradergetsahomeworkassignmenttoselecthisfuturecareerpathfromalistofoccupations。Heticks“astronaut”，butquicklyadds“scientist”tothelistandselectsitaswell。Theboyisconvincedthatifhereadsenough，hecanexploreasmanycareerpathsashelikes。Andsohereadseverythingfromencyclopediastosciencefictionnovels。Hereadssopassionatelythathisparentshavetoinstitutea“noreadingpolicy”atthedinnertable。
ThatboywasBillGates，andhehasn’tstoppedreadingyet--notevenafterbecomingoneofthemostsuccessfulpeopleontheplanet。Nowadays，hisreadingmaterialhaschangedfromsciencefictionandreferencebooksrecently，herevealedthathereadsatleast50nonfictionbooksayear。Gateschoosesnonfictiontitlesbecausetheyexplainhowtheworldworks。“Eachbookopensupnewavenuesofknowledge，”Gatessays。
SectionIVWriting
47、Directions：SupposeyouhavetocancelyourtravelplanandwillnotbeabletovisitprofessorSmith，writehimanemailto
1）apologizeandexplainthesituationandsuggestafuturemeeting。
2）Youshouldwriteabout100wordsontheANSWERSHEET。
Donotuseyourownname；Use“LiMing”instead。
Donotwriteyouraddress（10points）。
48、Directions：Writeanessaybasedonthechartbelow。Inyourwriting，youshould
1）interpretthechart，and
2）giveyourcomments
Youshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET。（15points）
2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题答案详解
注意：英语试卷为花卷，以答案内容进行核对
1、[答案][B]resolve
2、[答案][D]seek
3、[答案][A]hurt
4、[答案][D]expose
[解析]此处考察固定短语。空格所在处，构成了___oneselftosth结构，只有D选项expose符合要求（使某人暴露在……中），故D选项expose为正确答案。
5、[答案][C]trail
6、[答案][D]deliver
[解析]此处考察上下文信息对应以及动宾搭配问题。上文指出：Foronetrial，eachparticipantwasshownapileofpensthattheresearcherclaimedwerefromapreviousexperiment。在一个试验中，研究人员给每位受试者一堆笔并声称其源于先前的实验。这是实验的背景。下文具体实验展开，Halfofthepenswould…anelectricshockwhenclicked。有一半的比在按下的时候会使使人触电。所以比对选项，要选择deliver，发出，递送。因此选择D。deliver
7、[答案][A]when
[解析]此处考察上下文句间的逻辑关系。空前空后是状语的关系。上文讲的是Twenty-sevenstudentsweretoldwhichpenswererigged；another27weretoldonly…研究人员告知了27名受试学生哪些笔是内有玄机，而另外27名学生只知道有些笔是带电的。下文就是具体的发生的实验状态了。当他们独自在房里时，…而不是条件if，unless或者转折关系。因此选择A。
8、[答案][B]happen
[解析]此处考察上下语境下的句内动词关系。根据上文的实验背景，试验中27个人知道哪些笔是内有玄机，而另外27名学生只知道有些笔是带电的。下面的告知了实验的结论：当他们独自在房里时，那些不知哪些笔带电的学生按下了更多的笔头，比这些受试者多，后面是定语，显然这些受试者是只上文被告知的人，所以这些人知道thestudentswhoknewwhatwouldhappen，强调结果性。所以选择B。happen
9、[答案][D]suchas
[解析]此处考察句间的逻辑关系。上文在之后其他刺激因素的实验中，后文讲到具体的实验：指甲刮黑板的声音和令人生厌的昆虫图片显然这里需要例证关系，故选择D.suchas
10、[答案][A]discover
11、[答案][D]food
[解析]此处考察同义复现。这个空出现在卡内基梅隆大学（CarnegieMellonUniversity）的观点中，前后观点没有任何转折连词，所以前后句应该一脉相承。前文中thedriveisdeeplyrootedinhuman，指的是人类根深蒂固的本性，而且后文也说到curiosityisagoodinstinct（本能），探索的动力在人类中根深蒂固，与食物或避难所的基本动力相当。因此此处应该选food。A选项pay支付；B选项marriage婚姻；C选项schooling学习教育，皆不符合文意。
12、[答案][A]leadto
[解析]此处考察成分搭配。原文表达：好奇心通常被认为是一种很好的本能——它会________新的科学进步，此处选择A选项leadto符合文意。B选项reston取决于；C选项learnfrom向…学习；D选项beginwith以…开始，皆不符合文意。
13、[答案][C]inquiry
[解析]此处考察反义复现。原文表达：butsometimessuch_________canbackfire。but一词的出现就说明前后两句话是转折句义，前文说好奇心会带来新的科学进步；后文的一个指示代词such一出现，就证明和前句的主语是一致的，在此只能选择curiosity的近义词，为Cinquiry。A选项withdrawal撤回；B选项persistence坚持；D选项diligence勤奋，皆不符合文意。
14、[答案][B]self-destructive
[解析]此处考察成分搭配。Theinsightthatcuriositycandriveyoutodo______thingsisaprofoundone。因为前文有所提示，butsometimessuch_________canbackfire，有时候好奇心会适得其反，这句话也是对于上文的承接，因此这里需要填入的是好奇心带来的副作用的表达，因此选[B]self-destructive自我毁灭的。A选项self-reliant自力更生的；C选项self-evident显而易见的；D选项self-deceptive自欺欺人的，皆不符合文意。
15、[答案][B]resist
[解析]此处考察同义复现。Unhealthycuriosityispossibleto__________，however。这句话之后出现了论据，用以支撑前文的论点：Inafinalexperiment，participantswhowereencouragedtopredicthowtheywouldfeelafterviewinganunpleasantpicturewerelesslikelytochoosetoseesuchanimage，在最后的实验中，那些积极预测自己目睹不太悦目图片感受的受试者，他们选择此类图片的可能性较小。此处picturewerelesslikelytochoosetoseesuchanimage=resist，是对于本段论点句的同义复现，因为选择B选项resist。A选项define定义；C选项replace替代；D选项trace追踪，皆不符合文意。
16、[答案][B]predict
17、[答案][C]choose
18、[答案][D]outcome
19、[答案][B]whether
[解析]此处考察句间的逻辑关系。imaginingcanhelpdetermine19itisworththeendeavor。这种结果可以帮助人们决定它们。。。值得一试。根据句间逻辑关系，这些研究结果表明，利用好奇心可提前想象事件的结果，从而帮助人们决定它们是否值得一试。故Bwhether为正确选项。
20、[答案][A]consequences
21、[答案][A]practicalability
[解析]根据题干可知这是一道典型的例证题。根据题干关键词“abrokenbikechain”定位到第二段第二句，向前找其论点句“HeisateacherataNewHampshirehighschoolwherelearningisnotsomethingofbooksandtestsandmechanicalmemorization，butpractical。由该句可知，在他（Mr。Koziaek）任教的这个学校里，学习不是书本、测试和机械记忆这些事情，而是实践。所以举“abrokenbikechain”的例子是说明学生们缺乏实践能力，选A选项practicalability。
22、[答案][C]arenotacademicallysuccessful
23、[答案][B]usedtohavemorejobopportunities
[解析]根据题干要求定位到第五段，解决本题的关键是对第三句话“ThejobsecuritythattheUSeconomyonceofferedtohighschoolgraduateshaslargelyevaporated。”的理解，尤其需要注意本句的时态，定语从句“thattheUSeconomyonceofferedtohighschoolgraduates”是过去时态，表明“美国经济曾经为高中毕业生提供了工作保障”，而主句“Thejobsecurityhaslargelyevaporated”却是现在完成时，意为“这种工作保障在很大程度上已经蒸发了”，说明曾经的工作机会现在已经不再拥有了，故而[B]选项是正确选项。
24、[答案][D]indicatestheovervaluingofhighereducation
25、[答案][A]supportive
[解析]本题考查作者的态度。一般最后一段凸显作者的态度，第一句话“Koziatek’sschoolisawake-upcall。”说明“Koziatek学校为我们敲响了警钟”。第二句话“Wheneducationbecomesone-size-fits-all，itrisksoverlookinganation’sdiversityofgifts”表明“当教育适合所有人的时候，它同样也造成一种危险，即容易忽视国家的人才多元化。”同时我们也注意到第七段最后一句话说“…istofillthegap。”（Koziatek学校正试图填补这一空白），说明作者的态度是支持性的，即supportive。因此，A选项是正确答案。
26、[答案][C]failing
27、[答案][A]isprogressingnotably
28、[答案][A]windisawidelyusedenergysource
29、[答案][C]Itscontinuoussupplyisbecomingareality
30、[答案][C]isnotreallyencouragedbytheUSgovernment
31、[答案][B]userinformation
32、[答案][C]posearisktoFacebookusers
34、[答案][D]theservicesarepaidforbyadvertisers
35、[答案][D]therelationshipbetweendigitalgiantsandtheirusers
[解析]观点例证题。根据题干中的关键词antsanalogy回文定位到最后一段第二句话。而该例子论证的观点是上一句话，即最后一段的首句，该句指出“他们（Google和Facebook）所销售的商品是数据，而为了这些数据巨头（像Google和Facebook这样的数据信息企业）的利益，作为用户的我们将生活转向数据”，这句话揭示了用户和数据巨头之间的关系，通过数据联系在一起。数据巨头销售数据，用户生活中使用数据。因此正确答案为[D]选项，该例子论证了数据巨头和用户之间的关系。
36、[答案][A]keeptoyourfocustime
37、[答案][D]detailedplansmaynotbeasfruitfulasexpected[解析]根据题干为细节题，考察的是实验结论。Thestudyintheearly1980scitedbyHarfordshowsthat，根据1980s和Harford快速找到定位第四段第二句，那么结论应该在后面，也就是第五段。第五段开头第一句while为让步，看主句部分theywerewrong，冒号后面解释说，thedetaileddailyplansdemotivatedstudents。对应D选项，其中的maynotbeasfruitful对应demotivated。
38、[答案][D]anessentialfactorinaccomplishinganywork
39、[答案][B]canbringaboutgreaterefficiency
40、[答案][B]approachestogettingmoredoneinlesstime
41、[答案][A]（Justsayit）
42、[答案][G]（Askforanopinion）
43、[答案][E]（Findthe“metoo”s）
44、[答案][B]（Bepresent）
45、[答案][D]（Name，places，things）
[解析]从下方对应段落…butaftersometimeyoumayhavemetagainandhaveforgottentheirname。Isn’tthatawkward！…但是之后你可能再次见到时忘记了他们的名字。这不是很尴尬吗？通过反义疑问我们得知：应该要记得名字！而且随后So，rememberthelittledetailsofthepeopleyoumetoryoutalkedwith；perhapstheplacestheyhavebeento，theplacestheywanttogo，thethingstheylike，thethingstheyhate。因此，请记得你遇到且与之聊过天的这些人的一些小细节，比如他们去过的地方，他们想要去的地方，他们喜欢的以及讨厌的事物等等。从这些内容中我们不难找到与之对应的小标题D（Name，places，things）
[全文翻译]
一名五年级的学生的家庭作业要求他从一系列的职业中选出他未来的职业道路。他选择了“宇航员”，但很快又将“科学家”加入名单，也选了这一职业。这个男孩确信如果他读的书足够多，他就能想探索多少条职业道路，就探索多少条。因此他读书——从百科全书读到科幻小说。他如此狂热地阅读以致于他的父母不得不制定一条吃饭时“不能读书”的规矩。这个男孩就是比尔·盖茨，他从未停止过阅读–即便在他成为全球最成功人士之后也如此。今天，比尔盖茨的读物已经不再是科幻小说和参考书目：最近，他表示自己每年至少阅读50本非虚构读物。盖茨选择读非虚构类图书，因为这些书解释了世界是如何运作的。“每本书都开辟了探索新知识的道路。”比尔盖茨说。
[主句解析]
句①：Afifthgradergetsahomeworkassignmenttoselecthisfuturecareerpathfromalistofoccupations。
[题目考点]不定式作后置定语
[参考译文]一名五年级的学生的家庭作业要求他从一系列的职业中选出他未来的职业道路。
句②：Heticks“astronaut”butquicklyadds“scientist”tothelistandselectsitaswell。
[题目考点]并列句
[参考译文]他选择了“宇航员”，但很快又将“科学家”加入名单。
句③：Theboyisconvincedthatifhereadsenough，hecanexploreasmanycareerpathsashelikes。[题目考点]宾语从句；条件状语从句；比较结构
[参考译文]这个男孩确信如果他读的书足够多，他就能想探索多少条职业道路，就探索多少条。
句④：Andsohereads—everythingfromencyclopediastosciencefictionnovels。
[题目考点]介宾短语作后置定语
[参考译文]因此他读书——从百科全书读到科幻小说。
句⑤：Hereadssoferventlythathisparentshavetoinstitutea“noreadingpolicy”atthedinnertable。
[题目考点]结果状语从句
[参考译文]他如此狂热地阅读以至于他的父母不得不制定一条吃饭时“不能读书”的规矩。
句⑥：ThatboywasBillGates，andhehasn’tstoppedreadingyet—notevenafterbecomingoneofthemostsuccessfulpeopleontheplanet。
[句子结构]并列句主干分别为：thatboywasBillGates，andhehasn’tstoppedreading…
[重点词汇]planet星球
[参考译文]这个男孩就是比尔·盖茨，他从未停止过阅读–即便在他成为全球最成功人士之后也如此。
句⑦：Nowadays，hisreadingmaterialhaschangedfromsci-fiandreferencebooks：recently，herevealedthathereadsatleast50nonfictionbooksayear。
[题目考点]并列结构；宾语从句
[句子结构]主干分别为：…materialhaschangedfrom…。；herevealed…；hereads…50…books…
[重点词汇]sci-fi科幻小说reveal揭露nonfiction非虚构
[参考译文]今天，比尔盖茨的读物已经不再是科幻小说和参考书目：最近，他表示自己每年至少阅读50本非小说读物。
句⑧：Gateschoosesnonfictiontitlesbecausetheyexplainhowtheworldworks。
[题目考点]原因状语从句；宾语从句
[参考译文]盖茨选择读非虚构类图书，因为这些书解释了世界是如何运作的。
句⑨：“Eachbookopensupnewavenuesofknowledgetoexplore，”Gatessays。
[题目考点]宾语从句
[参考译文]“每本书都开辟了探索新知识的道路。”比尔盖茨说。
51。[参考范文]
DearProfessorSmith，
Howhaveyoubeenrecently？IamexceedinglysorrytotellyouthatalthoughIhavepromisedtovisityouthisFriday，Ihavetocancelmytravelplanbecauseofthefollowingreason。
Twodaysago，IsuddenlyacceptedthenoticethattherewouldbeanacademicmeetingthisFridaynightinourdepartmentandeveryonewasaskedtoattend。Iknowthatmychangingplanhasdefinitelycausedsomeinconveniencetoyou。Iamsosorryformyfailingtokeepthepromiseofvisitingyou。Therefore，inordertomakeupthissituation，IwonderifyoucouldgivemeanotherchanceandsparesometimetomeetmenextMonday。
Iamsosorryforanyinconveniencecausedbyme。Hopeyoucanacceptmyapologyandarrangeanewtimeformetovisityou。Iamlookingforwardtoyourreply。
Yourssincerely，
LiMing
52。[参考范文]
英语二大作文
Emergingfromtheclearlydepictedpiechartisthedistributionoffocusingfactorsofcitizensinacitywhenchoosingarestaurantin2017，consistingof4parts，whicharefeatures，service，environment，priceandotherfactors。Amongthem，theproportionofservice，environment，priceandotherfactorsis26.8%，23.8%，8.4%and4.7%respectively。Bycontrast，thefactoroffocusingonfeaturesoftherestaurantisinthelead，accountingfor36.3%。
Whathastriggeredthisphenomenon？Tobeginwith，withthefastdevelopmentofnationaleconomyandpersonalwealth，peopleinChinahavesteppedintoaneraofenjoyinglife，transformingtraditionalpatternofliving。Therefore，suchagreatproportionofcitizensaremorelikelytofocusonthefeaturesofarestaurant，insteadofonlyconcentratingontheprice。Moreover，inasocietywherelivingstandardishighlyadvocated，citizensinmountingnumbersinChina，shruggingofftheirformerhabitoffocusingonlowerprice，graduallyfindtheserviceandenvironmentofarestaurantisanessentialfactor。AccordingtoasurveyconductedbyChinaResearchCenter，upto87%Chinesepeopleprefertochooseacomfortableandfashionablerestaurantwhentheygooutforeating。
Takingintoaccountwhathasbeenarguedsofar，Iaminclinedtothinkaboutthecurrentsituationisnormal。Inviewoftheanalysisabove，itcanbepredictedthatthetrendwillcontinueinthefuture。Accordingly，itisofnonecessityforthepublictoregarditwithtoomuchconsideration。