2024年大学英语四级阅读理解题及解析（通用8篇）
Merchantandpassengershipsaregenerallyrequiredtohavealifepreserverforeverypersonaboardandinmanycases,acertainpercentageofsmallersizesforchildren.AccordingtoUnitedStatesrequirements,lifepreserversmustdesign,reversiblecapableofbeingquicklyadjustedtofittheuninitiatedindividual,andmustbesodesignedastosupportthewearerinthewaterinanuprightorslightlybackwardposition.
Sufficientbuoyancy(浮力)tosupportthewearershouldberetainedbythelifepreserverafter48hoursinthewater,anditshouldbereliableevenafterlongperiodofstorage.Thusitshouldbemadeofmaterialsresistanttosunlight,gasoline,andoils,anditshouldbenoteasilysetonfire.Thepositioninwhichthelifepreserverwillsupportapersonwhojumpsorfallsintothewaterismostimportant,asisitstendencytoturnthewearerinthewaterfromaface-downpositiontoanuprightorslightlybackwardposition,withhisfaceclearofthewater,evenwhenthewearerisexhaustedorunconscious.
Themethodofadjustmenttothebodyshouldbesimple,andself-evidenttouninitiatedpersonseveninthedarkundertheconfusedconditions,whichfollowadisaster.Thus,thelifebereversiblethatitisnearlyimpossibletogetitonwrong.Catches,straps,andtiesshouldbekepttoaminimum.Inaddition,thelifepreservermustbeadjustabletothewidevarietyofshapesandsizesofwearers,sincethisgreatlyaffectsthepositionoffloatingandtheself-rightingqualities.Asuitablelifealsobecomfortabletowearatalltimes,inandoutofthewater,notsoheavyastoencouragetotakeitoffonshipboardwhiletheshipisindanger,norsoburdensomethatithindersapersoninthewaterwhiletryingtoswim.
1.Thepassageismainlyabout____.
A)theusesoflifepreservers
B)thedesignoflifepreservers
C)thematerialsforlifepreservers
D)thebuoyancyoflifepreservers
2.Accordingtothepassage,alifebefirstofall____.
A)adjustableB)comfortableC)self-evidentD)self-righting
3.UnitedStatesCoastGuarddoesNOTrequirethelifepreservertobemade____.
A)withasfewstringsaspossible
B)capableofbeingwornonbothsides
C)accordingtoeachwearerssize
D)comfortableandlighttowear
4.By“theuninitiatedindividual”(Para.1,Line.4)theauthorreferstotheperson____.
A)whohasnotbeeninstructedhowtousealifepreserver
B)whohasalittleexperienceinusingalifepreserver
C)whousesalifepreserverwithoutpermission
D)whobecomesnervousbeforeadisaster
5.Whatwouldhappenifapersonweresupportedbythelifepreserverinawrongposition
A)Thewaveswouldmovehimbackwards.
B)Thewaterwouldchokehim.
C)Hewouldimmediatelysinktothebottom.
D)Hewouldbeexhaustedorunconscious.
答案与解析：
1.B
2.D
3.C
4.A
5.D
如果一个人没有正确使用救生衣，就会发生什么细节辨别题。第三段第一句后半句中aface-downposition和本题中的inawrongposition相对应。因此选项D“他可能太累了或者是已经失去知觉”是正确答案。
Mostepisodesofabsent-mindednessforgettingwhereyouleftsomethingorwonderingwhyyoujustenteredaroom-arecausedbyasimplelackofattention,saysSchacter.“You’resupposedtoremembersomething,butyouhaven’tencodeditdeeply.”
Encoding,Schacterexplains,isaspecialwayofpayingattentiontoaneventthathasamajorimpactonrecallingitlater.Failuretoencodeproperlycancreateannoyingsituations.Ifyouputyourmobilephoneinapocket,forexample,anddon’tpayattentiontowhatyoudidbecauseyou’reinvolvedinaconversation,you’llprobablyforgetthatthephoneisinthejacketnowhanginginyouwardrobe(衣柜).“Yourmemoryitselfisn’tfailingyou,”saysSchacter.“Rather,youdidn’tgiveyourmemorysystemtheinformationitneeded.”
Lackofinterestcanalsoleadtoabsent-mindedness.“Amanwhocanrecitesportsstatisticsfrom30yearsago,”saysZelinski,“maynotremembertodropaletterinthemailbox.”Womenhaveslightlybettermemoriesthanmen,possiblybecausetheypaymoreattentiontotheirenvironment,andmemoryreliesonjustthat.
Visualcuescanhelppreventabsent-mindedness,saysSchacter.“Butbesurethecueisclearandavailable,”hecautions.Ifyouwanttoremembertotakeamedication(药物)withlunch,putthepillbottleonthekitchentable—don’tleaveitinthemedicinechestandwriteyourselfanotethatyoukeepinapocket.
Anothercommonepisodeofabsent-mindedness:walkingintoaroomandwonderingwhyyou’rethere.Mostlikely,youwerethinkingaboutsomethingelse.“Everyonedoesthisfromtimetotime,”saysZelinski.Thebestthingtodoistoreturntowhereyouwerebeforeenteringtheroom,andyou’lllikelyremember.
练习题：
Choosecorrectanswerstothequestion:
1.Whydoestheauthorthinkthatencodingproperlyisveryimportant
A.Ithelpsusunderstandourmemorysystembetter.
B.Itenablesustorecallsomethingformourmemory.
C.Itexpandsourmemorycapacityconsiderably.
D.Itslowsdowntheprocessoflosingourmemory.
2.Onepossiblereasonwhywomenhavebettermemoriesthanmenisthat________.
A.theyhaveawiderrangeofinterests
B.theyaremorereliantontheenvironment
C.theyhaveanunusualpoweroffocusingtheirattention
D.theyaremoreinterestedinwhat’shappeningaroundthem
3.Anoteinthepocketcanhardlyserveasareminderbecause________.
A.itwilleasilygetlost
B.it’snotclearenoughforyoutoread
C.it’soutofyoursight
D.itmightgetmixedupwithotherthings
4.Whatdowelearnfromthelastparagraph
A.Ifwefocusourattentionononething,wemightforgetanother.
B.Memorydependstoacertainextentontheenvironment.
C.Repetitionhelpsimproveourmemory.
D.Ifwekeepforgettingthings,we’dbetterreturntowherewewere.
5.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout
A.Theprocessofgradualmemoryloss.
B.Thecausesofabsent-mindedness.
C.Theimpactoftheenvironmentonmemory.
D.Awayifencodingandrecalling.
参考答案
2.[D]事实细节题。根据第3段第3句，“女性比男性的记忆力稍强，这也许是因为她们对周围的环境更加注意，而记忆正是依靠这个”，故选D“她们对于周围发生的事更感兴趣”。
3.[C]事实细节题。根据第4段首句中说到的“视觉线索可以防止遗忘某事”可知破折号之后的警告“不要把药瓶放在药箱里，然后写一张纸条装进口袋”正是为了防止药瓶、提示性信条离开了视线，故选C。
4.[A]推断题。根据最后一段的`前两句“心不在焉的另一个常见的情景是:走进房间,却不知为什么要进来。你很有可能是在想别的事”,可知本题答案为A。
5.[B]主旨题。根据第1、3、5段的首句可以得出，本文主要讲的是精神不集中的原因，故选B。
Notsurprisinginthesehardtimes,thestudent’smajorobjective“istobefinanciallywelloff.Lessimportantthaneverisdevelopingameaningfulphilosophyoflife.”Itfollowsthenthattodaythemostpopularcourseisnotliteratureorhistorybutaccounting.
Interestinteaching,socialserviceandthe“altruistic”fieldsisatalow.Ontheotherhand,enrollmentinbusinessprograms,engineeringandcomputerscienceiswayup.
That’snosurpriseeither.Afriendofmine(asalesrepresentativeforachemicalcompany)wasmakingtwicethesalaryofhercollegeinstructorsherfirstyearonthejob-evenbeforeshecompletedhertwo-yearassociatedegree.
Whileit’struethatweallneedacareer,itisequallytruethatourcivilizationhasaccumulatedanincredibleamountofknowledgeinfieldsfarremovedfromourownandthatwearebetterforourunderstandingoftheseothercontributionsmbetheyscientificorartistic.Itisequallytruethat,instudyingthediversewisdomofothers,welearnhowtothink.Moreimportant,perhaps,educationteachesustoseetheconnectionsbetweenthings,aswellastoseebeyondourimmediateneeds.
Weeklywereadofunionswhowentonstrikeforhigherwages,onlytodrivetheiremployeroutofbusiness.Nocompany;nojob.Howshortsightedinthelongrun!
Butthemostimportantargumentforabroadeducationisthatinstudyingtheaccumulatedwisdomoftheages,weimproveourmoralsense.Isawacartoonrecentlywhichshowsagroupofbusinessmenlookingpuzzledastheysitaroundaconferencetable;oneofthemistalkingontheintercom(对讲机):“MissBaxter,”hesays,“couldyoupleasesendinsomeonewhocandistinguishrightfromwrong”
Fromthelong-termpointofview,that’swhateducationreallyoughttobeabout.
1.Accordingtotheauthor’sobservation,collegestudents_______.
A.haveneverbeensomaterialisticastoday
B.haveneverbeensointerestedinthearts
C.haveneverbeensofinanciallywelloffastoday
D.haveneverattachedsomuchimportancetomoralsense
2.Thestudents’criteriaforselectingmajorstodayhavemuchtodowith_______.
A.theinfluencesoftheirinstructors
B.thefinancialgoalstheyseekinlife
C.theirowninterpretationsofthecourses
D.theirunderstandingofthecontributionsofothers
3.Bysaying“Whileit’struethat...betheyscientificorartistic”(Lines1-3,Para.5),theauthormeansthat_______.
A.businessmanagementshouldbeincludedineducationalprograms
B.humanwisdomhasaccumulatedatanextraordinarilyhighspeed
C.humanintellectualdevelopmenthasreachednewheights
D.theimportanceofabroadeducationshouldnotbeoverlooked
4.Studyingthediversewisdomofotherscan________.
A.createvaryingartisticinterests
B.helppeopleseethingsintheirrightperspective
C.helpimproveconnectionsamongpeople
D.regulatethebehaviorofmodernpeople
5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage
A.Businessmenabsorbedintheircareerarenarrow-minded.
B.Managersoftenfindithardtotellrightfromwrong.
C.Peopleengagedintechnicaljobsleadamorerewardinglife.
D.Careerseekersshouldnotfocusonimmediateinterestsonly.
1.[A]事实细节题。根据第1段可知，根据调査，当今处于传统年龄的大学一年级的学生在17年来的民意测验中是“最追求物质享受、最自私的”，这与A所述相一致。
2.[B]事实细节题。根据第2段第1句指出现在大学生选择专业的.目的是为了经济上的富裕，B中的financialgoals对应文中的financialwelloff，故正确。
3.[D]句意理解题。本句首选强调Career职业的重要性，之后强啁我们也必须理解其他领域的知识，所以这句目的是强调全面教育的重要性，故D正确。
4.[B]事实细节题。根据第5段第2句：同样毋庸置疑的还有，学习他人的各种智慧时，我们也学会怎样去思考。句中howtothink与B中的seethingsin…rightperspective意思最为相反，故B正确。
Thedancersstandmotionlessattheirpositionandtheroomgrowssilent.Butasthemusicstarts,theybegantomove,bending,turningandwavingtheirfansgracefullyastheyperform.atraditionalJapanesedance.YoshihiroKurokiwatchesinsilence,occasionallymakingnotes.Butasthedanceends,hebeamswithhappiness.Theperformancehasbeenflawless.
TherehavebeenmanyperformancesoftraditionalJapanesedancesoverthecenturies,butthisoneisunique,becauseitisperformednotbyhumandancersbutbyrobots.AndtheperformancetakesplacenotinadancestudiobutinalaboratoryofSonyCorp.sEntertainmentRobotCo.inShinagawa,Japan,whereKurokiisgeneralmanager.Heisthemastermindbehindaseriesofevenmorecapablehumanoidentertainmentrobots,startingwiththeSonyDreamRobot,orSDR,in1997,uptothecurrentQRIOin2003.
Thesedelightfulmachinesareonly58cmtall,aboutthesizeofanewborninfant,weighabout7kg,andmovewith38degreesoffreedom,eachwithitsownservomotor(辅助马达).
QRIOspredecessor,theSDR4X,announcedin2002,canwalk,dance,sing,speak,recognizefaces,andunderstandcontinuousspeech.Eachrobothastwocharge-coupled-devicecamerastodetectcolorandpositionandcanlocateacoloredball,movetowardit,andkickitintoagoal.Italsohascontactsensorsinseveraljointstoavoidpinchingrealhumanfingers.Seeingtherobotperform,itisdifficulttorememberthatthereisnosentience(知觉)behindthoseglasseyes.
1.Whichofthefollowingisthemostsuitabletitleofthispassage
A.NewEntertainmentRobotsProducedinJapan.
B.QRIOtheRobotDancers.
C.RobotsMansBestFriend.
D.AnExtraordinaryPerformanceinSonysLab.
2.YoshihiroKuroki______.
A.isexcitedwhentherobotsareperformingatraditionalJapanesedance
B.keepssilentbecauseheisalittleunsatisfiedwiththenewproduct
C.witnessesthecreationofaseriesofentertainmentrobots
D.isanexecutivemanagerofSonyCorp.
3.WhichaspectoftherobotsisNOTmentionedinthepassage
A.Thevividnessoftheirmotion.
B.Theirpleasantappearance.
C.Theirsmartdesigningprinciples.
D.Theircommunicativeability.
4.TheSonyDreamRobotwas___
A.thefirsthuman-likeentertainmentrobotdevelopedbytheSonyCorp
B.ascapableastheQRIOofspeaking,dancing,singingandwalking
C.largestamongalltheentertainmentrobotdevelopedbytheSonyCorp
D.thefirstentertainmentrobotsoldatthemarketbytheSonyCorp
5.Therobotcanlocatecoloredballsbymensof____
A.acharge-coupleddevice
B.twocameras
C.twocontactssensors
D.adigitaldetector
2.[C]事实细节题。选项C符合第2段最后一句“Heisthemastermindbehindaseriesof...robots...”。仔细阅读有关的细节信息会发现,第1段第3句可帮助否定选项A。第1段最后两句可帮助否定选项B。另外，根据第2段倒数第2句可否定选项D。
3.[D]事实细节题。全文分四段，分别讨论机器人三方面的特点：第1段和第2段描述机器人舞蹈演员栩栩如生的表演，即选项A;第3段描写它们的外表，即选项B;第4段介绍它们巧妙的设计，即选项C;只有选项D是没有提到的，故为答案。
5.[B]事实细节题。该句中“two…camerasto...”的结构表明这两个摄像头可以用于定位，所以选项B正确。选项A在该句中也有提到，但它只是摄像机的工作机制，而不是用于定位的装置。选项C在下一句提到，但与题干提到的定位功能无关。选项D在文中并未提及。
Thestoneage,TheIronAge.Entireepochshavebeennamedformaterials.SowhattocallthedecadesaheadThechoicewillbetough.Welcometotheageofsuperstuff.Materialscience--oncetheleastsexytechnology–isburstingwithnew,practicaldiscoveriesledbysuperconductingceramicsthatmayrevolutionizeelectronics.Butsuperconductorsarejustpartofthepicture:fromhouseandcarstocookpotsandartificialteeth,theworldwillsomedaybemadeofdifferentstuff.Exoticplastics,glassandceramicswillshapethefuturejustassurelyashavegeneticengineeringandcomputerscience.
Thekeytothenewmaterialsisresearchers’increasingabilitytomanipulatesubstancesatthemolecularlevel.Ceramics,forexample,havelongbeenlimitedbytheirbrittleness.Butbyminimizingthemicroscopicimperfectionsthatcauseit,scientistsaremakingfarstrongerceramicsthatstillretainsuchqualitiesashardnessandheatresistance.FordMotorCo.nowusesceramictoolstocutsteel.AfirmcalledKyocerahascreatedalineofceramicscissorsandknivesthatstaysharpforyearsandneverrustorcorrode.
Asimilartransformationhasovertakenplastics.High-strengthpolymersnowformbridges,ice-skatingrinksandhelicopterrotors.Andonenewplasticthatgenerateselectricitywhenvibratedorpushedisusedinelectricguitars,touchsensorsforrobothandsandkaratejacketsthatautomaticallyrecordeachpunchandchop.Evenplasticlitter,whichoncethreatenedtopermanentlyblotthelandscape,hasprovedamenabletomoleculartinkering.Severalmanufacturersnowmakebiodegradableforms;someplasticsix-packringsforexample,graduallydecomposewhenexposedtosunlight.Researchersaredevelopingwaystomakeplasticsasrecyclableasmetalorglass.Besides,composites–plasticreinforcedwithfibersofgraphiteorothercompounds–madetheround-the-worldflightofthevoyagerpossibleandhaveevenbeenprovedincombat:ahelmetsavedaninfantryman’slifebydeflectingtwobulletsintheGrenadainvasion.
Someadvancedmaterialsareoldstandardwithanewtwist.Thenewestfiberopticcablethatcarrytelephonecallscross-countryaremadeofglasssotransparentthatapieceof100milesthickisclearerthanastandardwindowpane.
Butnewmaterialshavenoimpactuntiltheyaremadeintoproducts.Andthattransitioncouldprovedifficult,forswitchingrequireslengthyresearchandinvestment.Itcanbesaidafirmerhandleonhowtomovetocommercializationwilldeterminethesuccessorfailureofacountryinthenearfuture.
1.Howmanynewmaterialsarementionedinthispassage
[A]Two
[B]Three
[C]Four
[D]Five
2.Whydoestheauthormentiongeneticengineeringandcomputerscience
[A]Tocomparethemwiththenewmaterials.
[B]Toshowthesignificanceofthenewmaterialsonthefutureworld.
[C]Tocomparethenewmaterialstothem.
[D]Toexplainhisviewpoint.
3.Whyistransitiondifficult
[A]Becausetransitionrequiresmoneyandtime.
[B]Becausemanymanufacturersareunwillingtochangetheirequipment.
[C]Becauseresearchonnewmaterialsisverydifficult.
[D]Becauseittakes10years.
4.WhereliessuccessofacountryintheNewAgeofsuperstuff
[A]Itliesinresearch.
[B]Itliesininvestment.
[C]Itliesininnovation.
[D]Itliesinapplication.
Vocabulary
1.superstuff超级材料
2.superconductingceramic超导陶瓷
3.exotic神奇的
4.shape塑造，成型
5.brittleness脆性
6.polymer聚合体
7.karatejacket空手道外衣
8.touchsensor触及传感器
9.eachpunchandchop每一个击、打
10.blot玷污，损害风景的东西
11.tinker修补，调整
12.amendable服从于，遵循的
13.biodegradable能生物递减分解的
14.six-packrings放六个罐子的环状物
15.decompose分解
16.recyclable可循环(使用的)
17.infantryman步兵
18.deflect使偏斜，使转向
19.anewtwist一个新的观点，方法
难句译注
1.Materialscience–oncetheleastsexytechnology–isburstingwithnew,practicaldiscoveriesledbysuperconductingceramicsthatmayrevolutionizeelectronics.
【参考译文】材料科学，一度曾是最无吸引力(最不起眼)的技术，正以崭新的，以超导陶瓷为首的种种实用性发明绽开新颜。这种超导陶瓷可能会使电子技术彻底改变。
2.Someadvancedmaterialsareoldstandardwithanewtwist.Thenewestfiberopticcablesthatcarrytelephonecallscross-countryaremadeofglasssotransparentthatapieceof100milesthickisclearerthanastandardwindowpane.
这是一篇介绍“超导材料”的论说文,采用一般到具体的分类写作手法。先指出未来时代的材料属于超导，然后再提出三种超导材料，再逐一说明。
答案详解
1.B三种超导材料。答案再第一段最后一句“神奇的塑料、玻璃和陶瓷”。下面各段具体讲这三种材料。第二段讲陶瓷：“新材料之关键在于研究工作者不断提高在分子水平上处理物质的能力。举陶瓷为例，由于它的脆性，长期来应用范围有限。但是通过改善导致脆性的微小缺陷，科学家制造出一种保持原有硬度和抗热性，但坚实得多的陶瓷”。第三段讲塑料。“类似的`转折发生在塑料上，高强度的塑料建成了桥梁、溜冰场、直升机的叶轮。一种震动或推动就能发电的新型塑料用于电子吉他上，触及传感塑料用于机械手和空手道外衣上，它能自动记录每次击打。”后面谈及塑料垃圾可以处理，或者制造可分解还原的塑料制品。塑料内加入其他化合物加强性能。第四段讲有些高级材料由新的改变，最新的光纤电缆由玻璃制成，透明度极高，100英里厚的一块其清晰度比一块普通窗玻璃还高。
2.B说明这种新材料对未来世界的意义。答案在第一段：“神奇的塑料、玻璃和陶瓷一定会象生物工程和计算机一样将改变世界。”A.把它们和新材料相比较，这里不仅仅是比较，而是说明三者都具同样的作用--改变世界。C.把新材料比作它们。也不仅仅是比喻比拟。与A一样没有说到核心电。D.说明他的观点。太笼统。
4.D在超级材料时代已过之成功在于应用。A.在于研究。B.在于投资。C.在于革新。这三项都是应用的部分前提。其中A和B文内提到，C项文内未涉及。
ProfessorSmithrecentlypersuaded35people,23ofthemwomen,tokeepadiaryofalltheirabsent-mindedactionsforafortnight.Whenhecametoanalysetheirembarrassinglapses(差错)inascientificreport,hewassurprisedtofindthatnearlyallofthemfellintoafewgroupings,Nordidthelapsesappeartobeentirelyrandom(随机的).
Oneofthewomen,forinstance,onleavingherhouseforworkonemorningthrewherdogherearringsandtriedtofixadogbiscuitonherear."theexplanationforthisisthatthebrainislikeacomputer,"explainstheprofessor."Peopleprogrammethemselvestodocertainactivitiesregularly.Itwasthewoman’scustomeverymorningtothrowherdogtwobiscuitsandthenputonherearrings.Butsomehowtheactiongotreversedintheprogramme,"Aboutoneintwentyoftheincidentsthevolunteersreportedwerethese"programmeassemblyfailures,"
Altogetherthevolunteerslogged433unintentionalactionsthattheyfoundthemselvesdoing---anaverageoftwelveeach,Thereappeartobepeakperiodsinthedaywhenweareatourzaniest(荒谬可笑的).Thesearetwohourssometimebetweeneighta.m.andnoon,betweenfourandsixp.m.withasmallerpeakbetweeneightandtenp.m."Amongmenthepeakseemstobewhenachangeoverinbrain’programmes’occurs,asforinstancebetweengoingtoandfromwork."Womenonaveragereportedslightlymorelapses-----12.5comparedwith10.9formenmprobablybecausetheyweremorereliablereporters.
Astartlingfindingoftheresearchisthattheabsent-mindedactivityisahazardofdoingthingsinwhichweareskilled.Normally,youwouldexpectthatskillreducesthenumberoferrorswemake.Buttryingtoavoidsillyslipsbyconcentratingmorecouldmakethingsalotworsemevendangerous.
1.InhisstudyProfessorSmithaskedthesubjects________
A.tokeeptrackofpeoplewhotendtooforgetthings
B.toreporttheirembarrassinglapsesatrandom
C.toanalysetheirawkwardexperiencesscientifically
D.tokeeparecordofwhattheydidunintentionally
2.ProfessorSmithdiscoveredthat________
A.certainpatternscanbeidentifiedintherecordedincidents
B.manypeopleweretooembarrassedtoadmittheirabsent-mindedness
C.mentendtobemoreabsent-mindedthanwomen
D.absent-mindednessisanexcusablehumanweakness
3."Programmeassemblyfailures"(Line6,Para.2)referstothephenomenonthatpeople______
A.oftenfailtoprogrammetheirroutinesbeforehand
B.tendtomakemistakeswhentheyareinahurry
C.unconsciouslychangethesequenceofdoingthings
D.arelikelytomessthingsupiftheyaretootired
4.Welearnfromthethirdparagraphthat_______
A.absent-mindednesstendstooccurduringcertainhoursoftheday
B.womenareverycarefultoperformactionsduringpeakperiods
C.womenexperiencemorepeakperiodsofabsent-mindedness
D.men’sabsent-mindednessoftenresultsinfunnysituations
5.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat_____
A.peopleshouldavoiddoingimportantthingsduringpeakperiodsoflapses
B.hazardscanbeavoidedwhenpeopledothingstheyaregoodat
C.peopleshouldbecarefulwhenprogrammingtheiractions
D.lapsescannotalwaysbeattributedtolackofconcentration
1.[D]事实细节题。本文第1句中的tokeepadiaryofalltheirabsent-mindedactions就是指tokeeparecordofwhattheydidunintentionally,题目中的subjects指实验对象，被测试者。
2.[A]事实细节题。根据第2句中nearlyallofthemfellintoafewgroupings可以找到本题答案，题目中的discover是该句中find的同义词,A的patterns与原文中的.groupings意义相同。
3.[C]语义题。根据第2段最后两句提到,但是不知怎么的这种行为在程序中颠倒了。这些被测试者报告的事件中二十个中有一个属于这种“流水线程序错误”。C的unconsciously与somehow对应,changethesequenceofdoingthings与theactiongotreversed对应，故本题选C。
Foxesandfarmershavenevergotonwell.Thesesmalldog-likeanimalshavelongbeenaccusedofkillingfarmanimals.Theyareofficiallyclassifiedasharmfulandfarmerstrytokeeptheirnumbersdownbyshootingorpoisoningthem.
Farmerscanalsocallontheservicesoftheirlocalhunttocontrolthefoxpopulation.Huntingconsistsofpursuingafoxacrossthecountryside,withagroupofspeciallytraineddogs,followedbymenandwomenridinghorses.Whenthedogseventuallycatchthefoxtheykillitorahuntershootsit.
Peoplewhotakepartinhuntingthinkofasasport;theywearaspecialuniformofredcoatsandwhitetrousers,andfollowstrictcodesofbehavior.Butowningahorseandhuntingregularlyisexpensive,somosthuntersarewealthy.
Itisestimatedthatupto100,000peoplewatchortakepartinfoxhunting.Butoverthelastcoupleofdecadesthenumberofpeopleopposedtofoxhunting,becausetheythinkitisbrutal(残酷的),hasrisensharply.Nowadaysitisrareforahunttopassoffwithoutsomekindofconfrontation(冲突)betweenhuntersandhuntsaboteurs(阻拦者).Sometimestheseincidentsleadtoviolence,butmostlysaboteursinterferewiththehuntbymisleadingridersanddisturbingthetrailofthefox’ssmell,whichthedogsfollow.
Noisyconfrontationsbetweenhuntersandsaboteurshavebecomesocommonthattheyarealmostasmuchapartofhuntingasthepursuitoffoxesitself.Butthisyearsupportersoffoxhuntingfaceamuchbiggerthreattotheirsport.ALabourPartyMemberoftheParliament,MikeFoster,istryingtogetParliamenttoapproveanewlawwhichwillmakethehuntingofwildanimalswithdogsillegal.Ifthelawispassed,wildanimalslikefoxeswillbeprotectedunderthebaninBritain.
1.RichpeopleinBritainhavebeenhuntingfoxes________.
A.forrecreation
B.intheinterestsofthefarmers
C.tolimitthefoxpopulation
D.toshowofftheirwealth
2.WhatisspecialaboutfoxhuntinginBritain
A.Itinvolvestheuseofadeadlypoison.
B.Itisacostlyeventwhichrarelyoccurs.
C.Thehuntershavesetrulestofollow.
D.Thehuntershavetogothroughstricttraining.
3.Foxhuntingopponentsofteninterfereinthegame________.
A.byresortingtoviolence
B.byconfusingthefoxhunters
C.bytakinglegalaction
D.bydemonstratingonthescene
4.AnewlawmaybepassedbytheBritishParliamentto________.
A.prohibitfarmersfromhuntingfoxes
B.forbidhuntingfoxeswithdogs
C.stophuntingwildanimalsinthecountryside
D.preventlarge-scalefoxhunting
5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________.
A.killingfoxeswithpoisonisillegal
B.limitingthefoxpopulationisunnecessary
C.huntingfoxeswithdogsisconsideredcruelandviolent
D.fox-huntingoftenleadstoconfrontationbetweenthepoorandtherich
1.[A]事实细节题。根据第3段第1句的`前半部分Peoplewhotakepartinhuntingthinkofitasasport可知，参加捕杀的人们把猎杀狐狸当成是一种运动，A与之相符。
2.[C]事实细节题。根据第3段首句末尾说，凡是参加的人都要遵循严格的行为准则，C“猎手已建立起需要遵循的规则”与之相符，故选C。
3.[B]事实细节题。第4段末句提到，在大部分情况下，阻拦者利用为骑马的人引错路和进行气味干扰来干涉捕猎，B与之相符，故选B。
5.[C]推断题。.根据第4段第2句后半部分可知，反对捕猎狐狸的人数在上升是因为他们认为捕猎狐狸是残酷的，故选C。
“Theworldsenvironmentissurprisinglyhealthy.Discuss.”Ifthatwereanexaminationtopic,moststudentswouldtearitapart.offeringalonglistofcomplaints:fromlocalsmog(烟雾)toglobalclimatechange,fromthefelling(砍伐)offoreststotheextinctionofspecies.Thelistwouldlargelybeaccurate,theconcernlegitimate.Yetthestudentswhoshouldbegiventhehighestmarkswouldactuallybethosewhoagreedwiththestatement.Thesurpriseishowgoodthingsare,nothowbad.
Afterall.theworldspopulationhasmorethantripledduringthiscentury,andworldoutputhasrisenhugely.soyouwouldexpecttheearthitselftohavebeenaffected.Indeed,ifpeoplelived,consumedandproducedthingsinthesamewayastheydidin1900(or1950.orindeed1980),theworldbynowwouldbeaprettydisgustingplace:smelly,dirty.toxicanddangerous.
Buttheydont.Thereasonswhytheydont.andwhytheenvironmenthasnotbeenruined.havetodowithprices.technologicalinnovation,socialchangeandgovernmentregulationinresponsetopopularpressure.Thatiswhytodaysenvironmentalproblemsinthepoorcountriesought.inprinciple,tobesolvable.
Rawmaterialshavenotrunout.andshownosignofdoingso.Logically.onedaytheymust:theplanetisafiniteplace.Yetitisalsoverybig.andmanisveryingenious.Whathashappenedischateverytimeamaterialseemstoberunningshort,thepricehasrisenand.inresponse.peoplehavelookedfornewsourcesofsupply,triedtofindwaystouselessofthematerial,orlookedforanewsubstitute.Forthisreasonpricesforenergyandformineralshavefalleninrealtermsduringthecentury.Thesameistrueforfood.Pricesfluctuate,inresponsetoharvests.naturaldisastersandpoliticalinstability;andwhentheyrise,ittakessometimebeforenewsourcesofsupplybecomeavailable.Buttheyalwaysdo.assistedbynewfarmingandcroptechnology.Thelong-termtrendhasbeendownwards.
Itiswherepricesandmarketsdonotoperateproperlythatthisbenign(良性的)trendbeginstoscumble,andthegenuineproblemsarise.Marketscannotalwayskeeptheenvironmenthealthy.Ifnooneownstheresourceconcerned.noonehasaninterestinconservingitorfosteringit:fishisthebestexampleofthis.
1.Accordingtotheauthor,moststudents_________________.
A)believetheworldsenvironmentisinanundesirablecondition
B)agreethattheenvironmentoftheworldisnotasbadasitisthoughttobe
C)gethighmarksfortheirgoodknowledgeoftheworldsenvironment
D)appearsomewhatunconcernedaboutthestateoftheworldsenvironment
2.Thehugeincreaseinworldproductionandpopulation________________.
A)hasmadetheworldaworseplacetolivein
B)hashadapositiveinfluenceoncheenvironment
C)hasnotsignificantlyaffectedtheenvironment
D)hasmadetheworldadangerousplacetolivein
3.Oneofthereasonswhythelong-termtrendofpricesbasbeendownwardsisthat__________.
A)technologicalinnovationcanpromotesocialstability
B)politicalinstabilitywillcauseconsumptioniodrop
C)newfarmingandcroptechnologycanleadtooverproduction
D)newsourcesarealwaysbecomingavailable
4.Fishresourcesarediminishingbecause_________________.
A)nonewsubstitutescanbefoundinlargequantities
B)theyarenotownedbyanyparticularentity
C)impropermethodsoffishinghaveruinedchefishinggrounds
D)waterpollutionisextremelyserious
5.Theprimarysolutiontoenvironmentalproblemsis_______________.
A)toallowmarketforcestooperateproperly
B)tocurbconsumptionofnaturalresources
C)tolimitthegrowthoftheworldpopulation
D)toavoidfluctuationsinprices
答案：
1.作者认为，大部分学生__________________。
A)相信全球环境现在是糟糕的
B)同意全球环境没有人们想象的那么糟糕
C)在关于全球环境知识上掌握得很好，取得了很高的分数
D)对全球环境表现出不关心的态度
2.世界生产力和人口的激增，_________________。
A)使得这个世界的居住环境更加糟糕
B)已经对环境造成了正面的影响
C)并没有严重地影响环境
D)使得世界的居住环境更加危险
3.从长期来看，价格是下降的，其中的一个原因是_____________。