选词填空（一）Somethingintheairtonight
AassistedBcollaboratingCconsequenceDconsumersEcreatingFdetailGdomesticHfrequentlyIinhabitantsJinnovationKintendedLoutdoorMpollutantsNrestrictedOsum
阅读四级阅读第一套
Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Losingyourabilitytothinkandrememberisprettyscary.Weknowtheriskofdementia（痴呆）increaseswithage.Butifyouhavememoryslips，youprobablyneedn’tworry.Thereareprettycleardifferencesbetweensignsofdementiaandage-relatedmemoryloss.
Afterage50，it’squitecommontohavetroublerememberingthenamesofpeople，placesandthingquickly，saysDr.KirkDaffnerofBrighamandWoman’sHospitalinBoston.
Thebrainagesjustliketherestofthebody.Certainpartsshrink，especiallyareasinthebrainthatareimportanttolearning，memoryandplanning.Changesinbraincellscanaffectcommunicationbetweendifferentregionsofthebrain.Andbloodflowcanbereducedasbloodvesselsnarrow.
Forgettingthenameofanactorinafavoritemovie，forexample，isnothingtoworryabout.Butifyouforgettheplotofthemovieordon’trememberevenseeingit，that’sfarmoreconcerning，Daffnersays.
Whenyouforgetentireexperiences，hesays，that’s“aredflagthatsomethingmoreseriousmaybeinvolved.”Forgettinghowtooperateafamiliarobjectlikeamicrowaveoven，orforgettinghowtodrivetothehouseofafriendyou’vevisitedmanytimesbeforecanalsobesignsofsomethinggoingwrong.
Buteventhen，Daffnersays，peopleshouldn’tpanic.Therearemanythingsthatcancauseconfusionandmemoryloss，includinghealthproblemsliketemporarystoppageofbreathingduringsleep,highbloodpressure,ordepression,aswellasmedicationslikeantidepressants.
Youdon’thavetofigurethisoutonyourown.Daffnersuggestsgoingtoyourdoctortocheckonmedications,healthproblemsandotherissuesthatcouldbeaffectingmemory.Andthebestdefenseagainstmemorylossistotrytopreventitbybuildingupyourbrain’scognitive（认知的）reserve，Daffnersays.
“Readbooks，gotomovies，takeonnewhobbiesoractivitiesthatforceonetothinkinnovelways，”hesays.Inotherwords，keepyourbrainbusyandworking.Andalsogetphysicallyactive，becauseexerciseisaknownbrainbooster.
46.Whydoestheauthorsaythatoneneedn’tbeconcernedaboutmemoryslips？A）Notallofthemaresymptomsofdementia.B）Theyoccuronlyamongcertaingroupsofpeople.C）Notallofthemarerelatedtoone’sage.D）Theyarequitecommonamongfifty-year-olds.
47.Whathappensaswebecomeagedaccordingtothepassage？A）Ourinteractionskillsdeteriorate.B）Somepartsofourbrainstopfunctioning.C）Communicationwithinourbrainweakens.D）Ourwholebrainstartsshrinking.
48.Whichmemory-relatedsymptomshouldpeopletakeseriously？A）Totallyforgettinghowtodoone’sdailyroutines.B）Inabilitytorecalldetailsofone’slifeexperiences.C）Failuretorememberthenamesofmoviesoractors.D）Occasionallyconfusingtheaddressesofone’sfriends.
49.Whatshouldpeopledowhensignsofseriousmemorylossshowup？A）Checkthebrain’scognitivereserve.B）Turntoaprofessionalforassistance.C）Stopmedicationsaffectingmemory.D）Exercisetoimprovetheirwell-being.
50.WhatisDrDaffner’sadviceforcombatingmemoryloss？A）Havingregularphysicalandmentalcheckups.B）Takingmedicinethathelpsboostone’sbrain.C）Engaginginknownmemoryrepairactivities.D）Stayingactivebothphysicallyandmentally.
AletterwrittenbyCharlesDarwinin1875hasbeenreturnedtotheSmithsonianInstitutionArchives（档案馆）bytheFBIafterbeingstolentwice.
“Werealizedinthemid-1970sthatitwasmissing,”saysEffieKapsalis,headoftheSmithsonianInstitutionArchives.“Itwasnotedasmissingandlikelytakenbyanintern,fromwhattheFBIistellingus.Wordgotoutthatitwasmissingwhensomeoneaskedtoseetheletterforresearchpurposes,”andtheinternputtheletterback.“Theinternlikelytooktheletteragainoncenobodywaswatchingit.”
Decadespassed.FinallytheFBIreceivedatipthatthestolendocumentwaslocatedveryclosetoWashington,D.C.Theirartcrimeteamrecoveredtheletterbutwereunabletopresschargesbecausethetimeoflimitationshadended.TheFBIworkedcloselywiththeArchivestodeterminethattheletterwasbothauthenticanddefinitelySmithsonian’sproperty.
TheletterwaswrittenbyDarwintothankanAmericangeologist,Dr.FerdinandVandeveerHayden,forsendinghimcopiesofhisresearchintothegeologyoftheregionthatwouldbecomeYellowstoneNationalPark.
Theletterisinfairlygoodcondition,inspiteofbeingoutofthecareoftrainedmuseumstaffforsolong.“Itwasluckilyingoodshape,”saysKapsalis,“andwejusthavetodosomeminorthingsinordertobeabletounfoldit.Ithassomeglueonitthathascoloreditslightly,butnothingthatwillpreventusfromusingit.Afteritisrepaired,wewilltakedigitalphotosofitandthatwillbeavailableonline.Oneofourgoalsistogetitemsofhighresearchvalueorinteresttothepubliconline.”
Itwouldnowbedifficultforanintern,visitororathieftostealadocumentlikethis.“Archivingpracticeshavechangedgreatlysincethe1970s,”saysKapsalis.“andwekeepourhighvaluedocumentsinasafethatIdon’tevenhaveaccessto.”
51.WhathappenedtoDarwin’sletterinthe1970sA.ItwasrecoveredbytheFBI.B.Itwasstolenmorethanonce.C.Itwasputinthearchivesforresearchpurposes.D.ItwaspurchasedbytheSmithsonianArchives.
52.WhatdidtheFBIdoaftertherecoveryoftheletterA.Theyproveditsauthenticity.B.Theykeptitinaspecialsafe.C.Theyarrestedthesuspectimmediately.D.Theypressedcriminalchargesinvain.
53.WhatisDarwin’sletteraboutA.TheevolutionofYellowstoneNationalPark.B.HiscooperationwithanAmericangeologist.C.Somegeologicalevidencesupportinghistheory.D.Hisacknowledgementofhelpfromaprofessional.
54.WhatwilltheSmithsonianInstitutionArchivesdowiththeletteraccordingtoKapsalisA.Reserveitforresearchpurposesonly.B.Turnitintoanobjectofhighinterest.C.Keepitapermanentsecret.D.Makeitavailableonline.
55.WhathasthepasthalfcenturywitnessedaccordingtoKapsalisA.Growinginterestinrareartobjects.B.Radicalchangesinarchivingpractices.C.Recoveryofvariousmissingdocuments.D.Increasesinthevalueofmuseumexhibits.
四级第二套仔细阅读
PassageOneLivinginanurbanareawithgreenspaceshasalong-lastingpositiveimpactonpeople'smentalwell-being,astudyhassuggested.UKresearchersfoundmovingtoagreenspacehadasustainedpositiveeffect,unlikepayrisesorpromotions,whichonlyprovidedashort-termboost.Co-authorMathewWhite,fromtheEuropeanCentreforEnvironmentandHumanHealthattheUniversityofExeter,UK,explainedthatthestudyshowedpeoplelivingingreenerurbanareasweredisplayingfewersignsofdepressionoranxiety."Therecouldbeanumberofreasons,”hesaid,“forexample,peopledomanythingstomakethemselveshappier:theystriveforpromotionorpayrises,ortheygetmarried.Butthetroublewithallthosethingsisthatwithinsixmonthstoayear,peoplearebacktotheiroriginalbaselinelevelsofwell-being.So,thesethingsarenotsustainable;theydon’tmakeushappyinthelongterm.Wefoundthatforsomelottery（彩票）winnerswhohadwonmorethan￡500,000thepositiveeffectwasdefinitelythere,butaftersixmonthstoayear,theywerebacktothebaseline."
Dr.Whitesaidhisteamwantedtoseewhetherlivingingreenerurbanareashadalastingpositiveeffectonpeople'ssenseofwell-beingorwhethertheeffectalsodisappearedafteraperiodoftime.Todothis,theteamuseddatafromtheBritishHouseholdPanelSurveycompiledbytheUniversityofEssex.
Explainingwhatthedatarevealed,hesaid:"Whatyouseeisthatevenafterthreeyears,mentalhealthisstillbetter,whichisunlikemanyoftheotherthingsthatwethinkwillmakeushappy."Heobservedthatpeoplelivingingreenspaceswerelessstressed,andlessstressedpeoplemademoresensibledecisionsandcommunicatedbetter.
46.Accordingtoonestudy,whatdogreenspacesdotopeopleA)Improvetheirworkefficiency.B)Addtotheirsustainedhappiness.C)Helpthembuildapositiveattitudetowardslife.D)Lessentheirconcernsaboutmaterialwell-being.
47.WhatdoesDr.WhitesaypeopleusuallydotomakethemselveshappierA)Earnmoremoney.B)Gainfameandpopularity.C)Settleinanurbanarea.D)Liveinagreenenvironment.
48.WhatdoesDr.WhitetrytofindoutaboutlivinginagreenerurbanareaA)Howitaffectsdifferentpeople.B)Howstrongitseffectis.C)Howlongitspositiveeffectlasts.D)Howitbenefitsphysically
49.WhatdidDr.WhiteresearchrevealaboutpeoplelivinginagreenenvironmentA)Theirstresswasmoreapparentthanreal.B)Theirdecisionsrequiredlessdeliberation.C)Theirmemoriesweregreatlystrengthened.D)Theircommunicationwithothersimproved.
50.AccordingtoDr.White,whatshouldthegovernmentdotobuildmoregreenspacesincitiesA)Findfinancialsupport.B)Improveurbanplanning.C)Involvelocalresidentsintheeffort.D)Raisepublicawarenessoftheissue.
PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
YouprobablyknowabouttheTitanic,butitwasactuallyjustoneofthreestate-of-theart(最先进的)oceanshipsbackintheday.TheOlympicclassshipswerebuiltbytheHarland&WolffshipmakersinNorthernIrelandfortheWhiteStarLinecompany.TheOlympicclassincludedtheOlympic,theBritannicandtheTitanic.WhatyoumaynotknowisthattheTitanicwasn’teventheflagshipofthisclass.Allinall,theOlympicclassshipsweremarvelsofseaengineering,buttheyseemedcursedtosufferdisastrousfates.
TheOlympiclaunchedfirstin1910,followedbytheTitanicin1911,andlastlytheBritannicin1914.Theshipshadninedecks,andWhiteStarLinedecidedtofocusonmakingthemthemostluxuriousshipsonthewater.
Stretching269.13meters,theOlympicclassshipswerewondersofnavaltechnology,andeveryonethoughtthattheywouldcontinuetobesoforquitesometime.However,allsufferedterribleaccidentsontheopenseas.TheOlympicgotwreakedbeforetheTitanicdid,butitwastheonlyonetosurviveandmaintainasuccessfulcareerof24years.TheTitanicwasthefirsttosinkafterfamouslyhittingahugeicebergin1912.Followingthisdisaster,theBritannichitanavalminein1916andsubsequentlysankaswell.
Eachshipwascoal-poweredbyseveralboilersconstantlykeptrunningbyexhaustedcrewsbelowdeck.Mostrecognizableoftheshipdesignsaretheship’ssmokestacks,butthefourthstackwasactuallyjustartisticinnatureandservednofunctionalpurpose.Whiletwooftheseshipssank,theywerealldesignedwithdoublehulls（船体）believedtomakethem“unsinkable”,perhapsamistakenideathatledtotheTitanic’sandtheBritannic’stragicend.
TheOlympicsufferedtwocrasheswithothershipsandwentontoserveasahospitalshipandtrooptransportinWorldWarI.Eventually,shewastakenoutofserviceon1935,endingtheeraoftheluxuriousOlympicclassoceanliners.
51.WhatdoesthepassagesayaboutthethreeOlympicclassships
A)Theyperformedmarvellouslyonthesea.B)Theycouldallbreaktheiceintheirway.C)Theyallexperiencedterriblemisfortunes.D)Theyweremodelsofmodernengineering.
52.WhatdidWhiteStarLinehaveinmindwhenitpurchasedthethreeships
A)Theircapacityofsailingacrossallwaters.B)Theutmostcomfortpassengerscouldenjoy.C)Theirabilitytosurvivedisastersofanykind.D)Thelongvoyagestheywereabletoundertake.
53.Whatissaidaboutthefourthstackoftheships
A)Itwasamerepieceofdecoration.B)Itwastheworkofafamousartist.C)Itwasdesignedtoletoutextrasmoke.D)Itwaseasilyidentifiablefromafar.
54.WhatmighthaveledtothetragicendoftheTitanicandtheBritannic
A)Theirunscientificdesigns.B)Theircaptains'misjudgment.C)Theassumptionthattheywerebuiltwiththelatesttechnology.D)Thebeliefthattheycouldneversinkwithadouble-layerbody.
55.WhathappenedtotheshipOlympicintheend
A)Shewasusedtocarrytroops.B)ShewassunkinWorldWarⅠ.C)Shewasconvertedintoahospitalship.D)Shewasretiredafterhernavalservice.
翻译
地铁
近年来，中国有越来越多的城市开始建设地铁。发展地铁有助于减少城市的交通拥堵和空气污染。地铁具有安全、快捷和舒适的优点。越来越多的人选择地铁作为每天上班或上学的主要交通工具。如今，在中国乘坐地铁正变得越来越方便。在有些城市里，乘客只需用卡或手机就可以乘坐地铁。许多当地老年市民还可以乘坐地铁。
Inrecentyears,moreandmorecitiesinChinabegintobuildthesubway.Developingthesubwayhelpstoreducetrafficcongestionandairpollutionincities.Thesubwayhastheadvantagesofbeingsafe,fastandcomfortable.Moreandmorepeoplechoosethesubwayasthemainmeansoftransportationtoworkorschooleveryday.Nowadays,itisbecomingincreasinglyconvenienttotakethesubwayinChina.Insomecities,passengerscantakethesubwaysimplybyusingcardsormobilephones.Manylocalelderlypeoplecanalsotakethesubway.
飞机
过去，乘飞机出行对大多数中国人来说是难以想象的。如今，随着经济的发展和生活水平的提高，越来越多的中国人包括许多农民和外出务工人员都能乘飞机出行。他们可以乘飞机到达所有大城市，还有很多城市也在筹建机场。航空服务不断改进，而且经常会有廉价机票。近年来，节假日期间选择乘飞机外出旅游的人数在不断增加。
Inthepast,travelingbyplanewasunimaginabletomostChinesepeople.Today,withthedevelopmentofChina’seconomyandtheimprovementofitspeople’slivingstandards,anincreasingnumberofChinesepeople,includingmanyfarmersandmigrantworkers,cantravelbyair.Theycanflytoallmajorcities,andmanycitiesarebuildingairports.Airservicescontinuetoimprove,andthereareoftencheapairtickets.Inrecentyears,agrowingnumberofChinesepeoplehavechosentotravelbyairduringholidays.
公交车
公交车曾是中国人出行的主要交通工具。近年来，由于私家车数量不断增多，城市的交通问题越来越严重。许多城市为了鼓励更多人乘坐公交车出行，一直在努力改善公交车的服务质量。车辆的设施不断更新，车速也有了显著提高。然而，公交车的票价却依然相当低廉。现在，在大多数城市，许多当地老年市民都可以免费乘坐公交车。
BusesusedtobethemainmeansoftransportationfortheChinesepeople.Inrecentyears,trafficproblemsincitiesarebecomingincreasinglysevereduetothegrowingnumberofprivatecars.Toencouragemorepeopletotakethebus,manycitieshavebeenmakingeffortstoimprovebusservices.Busfacilitieshavebeenupgraded,andbusesarenowmuchfaster.However,busfaresremainverylow.Now,manylocalseniorcitizenscantakethebusforfreeinmostcities.
写作
Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayontheimportanceofreadingabilityandhowtodevelopit.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.
【思路】首段：阅读能力的重要性二段：提升阅读能力的方法尾段：总结+号召
【范文】Whetherinhistoryorinthepresent-daysociety,itisacommonphenomenonforahostofpeopletoregardreadingabilityasavitalqualityinone’swork,lifeandstudy.WhyWithexcellentreadingability,onewillfinditeasytoacquireknowledgefromvariousbooks.
Then,howtocultivateone’sreadingabilityIamconvincedthatthereareatleasttwoways.Firstly,practicemakesperfect.Atypicalexampleisme.Duringmyfirstyearincollege,IhadvariousdifficultiesortroublesinunderstandingeitherEnglishorChinesereadingmaterials.Fortunately,myteachertoldme“Knowledgeisatreasure,butpracticeisthekeytoit.”ItwasthroughconstantpracticethatIimprovedmyabilitytoread.Secondly,basedonasurvey,amajorityofsuccessfullearnersacknowledgethattheypreferwritingreviewsafterreading.Theydeemthatwritingreviewsbringsthemsystematicknowledge,arousestheirenthusiasmforfurtherreadingandhelpsthemenhancetheirreadingability.
We,ascollegestudents,shouldbearinmindthatknowledgeoriginatesfromreading.Thus,Ibelievethatifwetryourutmosttopracticereadingandwritereviewsafterreadingeveryday,wearelikelytobeknowledgeablepersons.
【参考译文】无论是在历史上还是在当今社会，很多人普遍把阅读能力当做工作、生活和学习中的一项重要素质。为什么？有了出色的阅读能力，人们会发现很容易从各种图书中获取知识。
那么，如何培养阅读能力哪？我相信至少有两种途径。首先，熟能生巧。一个典型例子就是我自己。在大学的第一年，无论是在理解汉语阅读材料还是英文阅读材料方面，我都有不少麻烦或困难。幸运的是，我的老师告诉我“孰能生巧”。正是通过不断训练我提升自己阅读能力。第二，根据一项调查，绝大部分成功的学习者都承认他们阅读之后喜欢写书评。他们认为写书评带给他们系统的知识，唤起他们进一步阅读的热情，帮助他们提升阅读能力。
作为大学生，我们应该牢记的是知识源自阅读。因此，我相信如果尽最大努力每天坚持阅读实践并在读后写书评，我们就可能成为知识渊博的人。