最近,韦氏词典新增了不少词汇,既有看上去很眼熟的go-cup、screentime、unplug、buzzy,也包括topsurgery、stan、gigeconomy这种让你摸不着头脑的新词。
这些词都是近几年的网络流行语,如果你还不了解,那就接着往下看吧!
Awordofwarning:Ifyouhateinternetslangandbuzzypopculturewords,thisnewsisn'tforyou.
Merriam-Websterhasadded640newwordstothedictionary,andtogether,they'reaprettygoodportraitofhowwetalktoeachotheronlinein2019.
韦氏词典新增了640个新词,这些新词很好地诠释了2019年我们在网上彼此交谈的方式。
Take,forinstance,theword"buzzy".Wejustuseditinthepreviousparagraphanditfeltsonatural!Soappropriate.Andwouldn'tyouknow,it'soneofthose640newwords.Themostsurprisingnewsthereisthatitwasn'tinthedictionaryalready.
举buzzy这个词为例。我们在前面刚用过这个词,感觉很自然有没有!你知道吗,这只是本次收录的640个新词的其中一个。让人最惊讶的是,此前它居然没有被收录进词典。
Alsointhelatestclassoflegitimatewords:"stan",asin"westanthatperson."Don'tknowwhatitmeansAskanygiventeenager,they'llbeabletoexplain."Swole"isintheretoo,apopularinternettermforasomeonewho'smuscular.
同样被收录进词典的还有stan。就是westanthatperson的stan。不知道这是什么意思?随便问任何一个青少年,他们都能解释给你听。Swole也被收录进去了,这个网络流行语指的是肌肉发达的人。
★注:stan的意思是“死忠粉”(anextremelyorexcessivelyenthusiasticanddevotedfan),也可以作动词。
Thepoliticalcatchall"snowflake"hasgottenanupdate.Nolongerdoesitjustmean"littlethingthatfallsfromtheskywhenit'scold."AsanyonewhorantsaboutpoliticsonTwittercantellyou,snowflakeofficiallyalsonowmeans"someoneregardedortreatedasuniqueorspecial"or"someonewhoisoverlysensitive."So,basically,anyonewhodoesn'tagreewithyouduringaFacebookargument.
政治术语snowflake更新了词义。它不再只是“天冷时从天上落下的小东西”。任何喜欢在推特上吐槽政治的人都可以告诉你,snowflake现在的正式词义还有“被视为独特、特别的人”以及“过分敏感的人”。基本上,你可以用来指代任何在脸书上和你唱反调的人。
catchall['kt,l]:n.术语;笼统语
"Peak"isanotheroldwordwithanewlyexpandedmeaning.Ifyouwantedtosay,"readingstoriesaboutnewdictionaryentriesispeakword-nerdbehavior,"youwouldbelinguisticallycorrect,byMerriam-Webster'sstandards.
★注:peak在这里的意思是“正当红的、被大量使用的、最引人注目的”(beingattheheightofpopularity,use,orattention)
我们选取了几个新增词和短语给大家解释一下:
garbagetime
thefinalmomentsorminutesofagameinwhichonesidehasaninsurmountablelead,substitutesoftenenterthegameinplaceofstartingplayers,andscoringistypicallyeasierbecauseoflooserdefensiveplay一场比赛的最后几分钟,其中一方已经压倒性领先,替补队员上场换下首发队员,由于防守不严,此时得分通常更容易
gendernon-conforming
exhibitingbehavioral,cultural,orpsychologicaltraitsthatdonotcorrespondwiththetraitstypicallyassociatedwithone'ssex展现出与性别不相符的行为、文化或心理特征
gigeconomy
economicactivitythatinvolvestheuseoftemporaryorfreelanceworkerstoperformjobstypicallyintheservicesector雇用临时工或自由职业者完成工作的经济活动,通常在服务业
go-cup
aplasticorpapercupusedespeciallyfortakingabeverageoffthepremisesofabar,restaurant,etc.让你可以从酒吧、餐厅等场所带走饮料的塑料杯或纸杯
on-brand
appropriateto,typicalof,consistentwith,orsupportiveofaparticularbrandorpublicimageoridentity与某个特定品牌、公共形象或身份相称、相符合或者支持某品牌的
screentime
theamountoftimesomeoneorsomethingappearsonscreeninamovieortelevisionshow
timespentwatchingtelevision,playingavideogame,orusinganelectronicdevicewithascreen(suchasasmartphoneortablet)
topsurgery
atypeofgenderconfirmationsurgeryinwhichaperson'sbreastsareremovedoraugmentedtomatchtheirgenderidentity为了与个人性别认同相匹配而切掉乳房或隆胸的性别确认手术
unplug
totemporarilyrefrainfromusingelectronicdevices(suchascomputersorsmartphones)
暂时克制自己不用电子设备(比如电脑或智能手机)
totemporarilywithdrawfromtheresponsibilitiesandobligationsofeverydaylife(suchasworkorhomeduties)
暂时放下日常生活的责任和义务(比如工作或家务)
现在这些新词正式跟rando(怪咖)、adorbs(讨人喜欢)和fav(最爱)(去年被收录的新词)等千禧一代词汇一起加入了韦氏词典。