2020英语备课资料:高考英语真题分项详解专题01阅读理解之说明文2018

Wemaythinkwe’reaculturethatgetsridofourworntechnologyatthefirstsightofsomethingshinyandnew,butanewstudyshowsthatwekeepusingourolddevices(装置)wellaftertheygooutofstyle.That’sbadnewsfortheenvironment–andourwallets–astheseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythantheneweronesthatdothesamethings.

Tofigureouthowmuchpowerthesedevicesareusing,CallieBabbittandhercolleaguesattheRochesterInstituteofTechnologyinNewYorktrackedtheenvironmentalcostsforeachproductthroughoutitslife–fromwhenitsmineralsareminedtowhenwestopusingthedevice.Thismethodprovidedareadoutforhowhomeenergyusehasevolvedsincetheearly1990s.Devicesweregroupedbygeneration.Desktopcomputers,basicmobilephones,andbox-setTVsdefined1992.Digitalcamerasarrivedonthescenein1997.AndMP3players,smartphones,andLCDTVsenteredhomesin2002,beforetabletsande-readersshowedupin2007.

Asweaccumulatedmoredevices,however,wedidn’tthrowoutouroldones.“Theliving-roomtelevisionisreplacedandgetsplantedinthekids’room,andsuddenlyoneday,youhaveaTVineveryroomofthehouse,”saidoneresearcher.Theaveragenumberofelectronicdevicesrosefromfourperhouseholdin1992to13in2007.We’renotjustkeepingtheseolddevices–wecontinuetousethem.AccordingtotheanalysisofBabbitt’steam,olddesktopmonitorsandboxTVswithcathoderaytubesaretheworstdeviceswiththeirenergyconsumptionandcontributiontogreenhousegasemissions(排放)morethandoublingduringthe1992to2007window.

Sowhat’sthesolution(解决方案)Theteam’sdataonlywentupto2007,buttheresearchersalsoexploredwhatwouldhappenifconsumersreplacedoldproductswithnewelectronicsthatservemorethanonefunction,suchasatabletforwordprocessingandTVviewing.Theyfoundthatmoreon-demandentertainmentviewingontabletsinsteadofTVsanddesktopcomputerscouldcutenergyconsumptionby44%.

32.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofnewdevices

A.Theyareenvironment-friendly.B.Theyarenobetterthantheold.

C.Theycostmoretouseathome.D.Theygooutofstylequickly.

33.WhydidBabbitt’steamconducttheresearch

A.Toreducethecostofminerals.

B.Totestthelifecycleofaproduct.

C.Toupdateconsumersonnewtechnology.

D.Tofindoutelectricityconsumptionofthedevices.

34.Whichofthefollowingusestheleastenergy

A.Thebox-setTV.B.Thetablet.

C.TheLCDTV.D.Thedesktopcomputer.

35.Whatdoesthetextsuggestpeopledoaboutoldelectronicdevices

A.Stopusingthem.B.Takethemapart.

C.Upgradethem.D.Recyclethem.

2.【2018·全国卷II,B】

ManyofusloveJulybecauseit’sthemonthwhennature’sberriesandstonefruitsareinabundance.ThesecolourfulandsweetjewelsformBritishColumbia’sfieldsarelittlepowerhousesofnutritionalprotection.

Ofthecommonberries,strawberriesarehighestinvitaminC,although,becauseoftheirseeds,raspberriescontainalittlemoreprotein(蛋白质),ironandzinc(notthatfruitshavemuchprotein).Blueberriesareparticularlyhighinantioxidants(抗氧化物质).TheyellowandorangestonefruitssuchaspeachesarehighinthecarotenoidsweturnintovitaminAandwhichareantioxidants.Asforcherries(樱桃),theyaresodeliciouswhocaresHowever,theyarerichinvitaminC.

Whencombinedwithberriesofslicesofotherfruits,frozenbananasmakeanexcellentbaseforthick,coolingfruitshakesandlowfat“icecream”.Forthispurpose,selectripebananasforfreezingastheyaremuchsweeter.Removetheskinandplacetheminplasticbagsorcontainersandfreeze.Ifyoulike,asqueezeoffreshlemonjuiceonthebananaswillpreventthemturningbrown.Frozenbananaswilllastseveralweeks,dependingontheirripenessandthetemperatureofthefreezer.

Ifyouhaveajuicer,youcansimplyfeedinfrozenbananasandsomeberriesorslicedfruit.Outcomesa“soft-serve”creamydessert,tobeeatenrightaway.Thismakesafunactivityforachildren’sparty;theylovefeedingthefruitandfrozenbananasintothetopofthemachineandwatchingtheicecreamcomeoutbelow.

24.Whatdoestheauthorseemtolikeaboutcherries

A.Theycontainprotein.B.TheyarehighinvitaminA.

C.Theyhaveapleasanttaste.D.Theyarerichinantioxidants.

25.Whyisfreshlemonjuiceusedinfreezingbananas

A.Tomakethemsmellbetter.B.Tokeeptheircolour.

C.Tospeeduptheirripening.D.Toimprovetheirnutrition.

26.Whatis“ajuicer”inthelastparagraph

A.Adessert.B.Adrink.

C.Acontainer.D.Amachine.

27.Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken

A.Abiologytextbook.B.Ahealthmagazine.

C.Aresearchpaper.D.Atravelbrochure.

24.C【解析】细节理解题。题干问的是,作者喜欢樱桃什么。根据第二段中Asforcherries(樱桃),theyaresodeliciouswhocares(至于樱桃,因为它们很好吃谁在乎呢)可知,作者在乎的是它的美味。故选C。

25.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的Ifyoulike,asqueezeoffreshlemonjuiceonthebananaswillpreventthemturningbrown.可知,往香蕉上滴新鲜的柠檬汁是为了防止香蕉变成褐色,故新鲜的柠檬汁是被用来保持香蕉的颜色的。故选B。

26.D【解析】词义猜测题。根据最后一段中theylovefeedingthefruitandfrozenbananasintothetopofthemachineandwatchingtheicecreamcomeoutbelow可知,孩子们喜欢把一些水果和冷冻的香蕉放入到这台机器的上部,然后看到冰激凌从下面出来。故可以推出ajuicer就是一台机器。故选D。

3.【2018·全国卷III,B】

Citiesusuallyhaveagoodreasonforbeingwheretheyare,likeanearbyportorriver.Peoplesettleintheseplacesbecausetheyareeasytogettoandnaturallysuitedtocommunicationsandtrade.NewYorkCity,forexample,isnearalargeharbouratthemouthoftheHudsonRiver.Over300yearsitspopulationgrewgraduallyfrom800peopleto8million.Butnotallcitiesdevelopslowlyoveralongperiodoftime.Boomtownsgrowfromnothingalmostovernight.In1896,Dawson,Canada,wasunmappedwilderness(荒野).Butgoldwasdiscoveredtherein1897,andtwoyearslater,itwasoneofthelargestcitiesintheWest,withapopulationof30,000.

DawsondidnothaveanyofthenaturalconveniencesofcitieslikeLondonorParis.Peoplewentthereforgold.Theytravelledoversnow-coveredmountainsandsailedhundredsofmilesupicyrivers.ThepathtoDawsonwascoveredwiththirtyfeetofwetsnowthatcouldfallwithoutwarming.Anavalanche(雪崩)onceclosedthepath,killing63people.FormanywhomadeittoDawson,however,therewardswereworththedifficulttrip.Ofthefirst20,000peoplewhodugforgold,4,000gotrich.About100ofthesestayedrichmenfortherestoftheirlives.

Butnomatterhowrichtheywere,Dawsonwasnevercomfortable.Necessitieslikefoodandwoodwereveryexpensive.Butsoon,thegoldthatDawsondependedonhadallbeenfound.Thecitywascrowdedwithdisappointedpeoplewithnointerestinsettlingdown,andwhentheyheardtherewerenewgolddiscoveriesinAlaska,theyleftDawsonCityasquicklyastheyhadcome.Today,peoplestillcomeandgo—toseewheretheCanadiangoldrushhappened.TourismisnowthechiefindustryofDawsonCity—itspresentpopulationis762.

24.WhatattractedtheearlysettlerstoNewYorkCity

A.Itsbusinessculture.

B.Itssmallpopulation.

C.Itsgeographicalposition.

D.Itsfavourableclimate.

25.WhatdoweknowaboutthosewhofirstdugforgoldinDawson

A.Two-thirdsofthemstayedthere.

B.Oneoutoffivepeoplegotrich.

C.Almosteveryonegaveup.

D.Halfofthemdied.

26.WhatwasthemainreasonformanypeopletoleaveDawson

A.Theyfoundthecitytoocrowded.

B.Theywantedtotrytheirluckelsewhere.

C.Theywereunabletostandthewinter.

D.Theywereshortoffood.

27.Whatisthetextmainlyabout

A.Theriseandfallofacity.

B.ThegoldrushinCanada.

C.Journeysintothewilderness.

D.TourisminDawson.

27.A【解析】主旨大意题。第一段简要介绍城市发展的原因,引出Dawson这一城市的兴起,第二段介绍了该城市兴起的原因,第三段介绍人们选择离开该城市的原因及现在的状况,所以全文围绕Dawson这个城市的发展起伏。故A正确。

4.【2018·北京卷,C】

Plastic-EatingWorms

Humansproducemorethan300milliontonsofplasticeveryyear.Almosthalfofthatwindsupinlandfills(垃圾填埋场),andupto12milliontonspollutetheoceans.Sofarthereisnoeffectivewaytogetridofit,butanewstudysuggestsananswermaylieinthestomachsofsomehungryworms.

ResearchersinSpainandEnglandrecentlyfoundthatthewormsofthegreaterwaxmothcanbreakdownpolyethylene,whichaccountsfor40%ofplastics.Theteamleft100waxwormsonacommercialpolyethyleneshoppingbagfor12hours,andthewormsconsumedandbrokedownabout92milligrams,oralmost3%ofit.Toconfirmthattheworms’chewingalonewasnotresponsibleforthepolyethylenebreakdown,theresearchersmadesomewormsintopaste(糊状物)andappliedittoplasticfilms.14hourslaterthefilmshadlost13%oftheirmass—apparentlybrokendownbyenzymes(酶)fromtheworms’stomachs.TheirfindingswerepublishedinCurrentBiologyin2017.

FedericaBertocchini,co-authorofthestudy,saystheworms’abilitytobreakdowntheireverydayfood—beeswax—alsoallowsthemtobreakdownplastic."Waxisacomplexmixture,butthebasicbondinpolyethylene,thecarbon-carbonbond,isthereaswell,"sheexplains,"Thewaxwormevolvedamethodorsystemtobreakthisbond."

JenniferDeBruyn,amicrobiologistattheUniversityofTennessee,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy,saysitisnotsurprisingthatsuchwormscanbreakdownpolyethylene.Butcomparedwithpreviousstudies,shefindsthespeedofbreakingdowninthisoneexciting.Thenextstep,DeBruynsays,willbetoidentifythecauseofthebreakdown.Isitanenzymeproducedbythewormitselforbyitsgutmicrobes(肠道微生物)

Bertocchiniagreesandhopesherteam’sfindingsmightonedayhelpemploytheenzymetobreakdownplasticsinlandfills.Butsheexpectsusingthechemicalinsomekindofindustrialprocess—notsimply"millionsofwormsthrownontopoftheplastic."

43.Whatcanwelearnaboutthewormsinthestudy

A.Theytakeplasticsastheireverydayfood.

B.Theyarenewlyevolvedcreatures.

C.Theycanconsumeplastics.

D.Theywindupinlandfills.

44.AccordingtoJenniferDeBruyn,thenextstepofthestudyisto.

A.identifyothermeansofthebreakdown

B.findoutthesourceoftheenzyme

C.confirmtheresearchfindings

D.increasethebreakdownspeed

45.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatthechemicalmight.

A.helptoraiseworms

B.helpmakeplasticbags

C.beusedtocleantheoceans

D.beproducedinfactoriesinfuture

46.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage

A.Toexplainastudymethodonworms.

B.Tointroducethedietofaspecialworm.

C.Topresentawaytobreakdownplastics.

D.Toproposenewmeanstokeepeco-balance.

5.【2018·天津卷,C】

There’sanewfrontierin3Dprintingthat’sbeginningtocomeintofocus:food.Recentdevelopmenthasmadepossiblemachinesthatprint,cook,andservefoodsonamassscale.Andtheindustryisn’tstoppingthere.

Foodproduction

Witha3Dprinter,acookcanprintcomplicatedchocolatesculpturesandbeautifulpiecesfordecorationonaweddingcake.Noteverybodycandothat—ittakesyearsofexperience,butaprintermakesiteasy.ArestaurantinSpainusesaFoodinito“re-createformsandpieces”offoodthatare“exactlythesame,”freeingcookstocompleteothertasks.Inanotherrestaurant,allofthedishesanddessertsitservesare3D-printed,ratherthanfarmtotable.

Sustainability(可持续性)

Theglobalpopulationisexpectedtogrowto9.6billionby2050,andsomeanalystsestimatethatfoodproductionwillneedtoberaisedby50percenttomaintaincurrentlevels.Sustainabilityisbecominganecessity.3Dfoodprintingcouldprobablycontributetothesolution.Someexpertsbelieveprinterscouldusehydrocolloids(水解胶体)fromplentifulrenewableslikealgae(藻类)andgrasstoreplacethefamiliaringredients(烹饪原料).3Dprintingcanreducefueluseandemissions.Grocerystoresofthefuturemightstock"food"thatlastsyearsonend,freeingupshelfspaceandreducingtransportationandstoragerequirements.

Nutrition

Future3Dfoodprinterscouldmakeprocessedfoodhealthier.HodLipson,aprofessoratColumbiaUniversity,said,“Foodprintingcouldallowconsumerstoprintfoodwithcustomizednutritionalcontent,likevitamins.Soinsteadofeatingapieceofyesterday’sbreadfromthesupermarket,you’deatsomethingbakedjustforyouondemand.”

Challenges

Despiterecentadvancementsin3Dfoodprinting,theindustryhasmanychallengestoovercome.Currently,mostingredientsmustbechangedtoapaste(糊状物)beforeaprintercanusethem,andtheprintingprocessisquitetime-consuming,becauseingredientsinteractwitheachotherinverycomplexways.Ontopofthat,mostofthe3Dfoodprintersnowarerestrictedtodryingredients,becausemeatandmilkproductsmayeasilygobad.Someexpertsareskepticalabout3Dfoodprinters,believingtheyarebettersuitedforfastfoodrestaurantsthanhomesandhigh-endrestaurants.

46.Whatbenefitdoes3Dprintingbringtofoodproduction

A.Ithelpscookstocreatenewdishes.

B.Itsavestimeandeffortincooking.

C.Itimprovesthecookingconditions.

D.Itcontributestorestaurantdecorations.

47.Whatcanwelearnabout3DfoodprintingfromParagraphs3

A.Itsolvesfoodshortageseasily.

B.Itquickensthetransportationoffood.

C.Itneedsnospaceforthestorageoffood.

D.Itusesrenewablematerialsassourcesoffood.

48.AccordingtoParagraph4,3D-printedfood_____________.

A.ismoreavailabletoconsumers

B.canmeetindividualnutritionalneeds

C.ismoretastythanfoodinsupermarkets

D.cankeepallthenutritioninrawmaterials

49.Whatisthemainfactorthatprevents3Dfoodprintingfromspreadingwidely

A.Theprintingprocessiscomplicated.

B.3Dfoodprintersaretooexpensive.

C.Foodmaterialshavetobedry.

D.Someexpertsdoubt3Dfoodprinting.

50.Whatcouldbethebesttitleofthepassage

A.3DFoodPrinting:DeliciousNewTechnology

B.ANewWaytoImprove3DFoodPrinting

C.TheChallengesfor3DFoodProduction

D.3DFoodPrinting:FromFarmtoTable

6.【2018·浙江卷,B】

StevenSteinlikestofollowgarbagetrucks.Hisstrangehabitmakessensewhenyouconsiderthathe’sanenvironmentalscientistwhostudieshowtoreducelitter,includingthingsthatfalloffgarbagetrucksastheydrivedowntheroad.WhatisevenmoreinterestingisthatoneofStein'sjobsisdefendinganindustrybehindtheplasticshoppingbags.

Americansusemorethan100billionthinfilmplasticbagseveryyear.Somanyendupintreebranchesoralonghighwaysthatagrowingnumberofcitiesdonotallowthematcheckouts(收银台).Thebagsareprohibitedinsome90citiesinCalifornia,includingLosAngeles.Eyeingtheseheadwinds,plastic-bagmakersarehiringscientistslikeSteintomakethecasethattheirproductsarenotasbadfortheplanetasmostpeopleassume.

Amongthebagmakers'argument:manycitieswithbansstillallowshopperstopurchasepaperbags,whichareeasilyrecycledbutrequiremoreenergytoproduceandtransport.Andwhileplasticbagsmaybeuglytolookat,theyrepresentasmallpercentageofallgarbageonthegroundtoday.

Theindustryhasalsotakenaimattheproductthathasappearedasitsreplacement:reusableshoppingbags.Thestrongerareusablebagis,thelongeritslifeandthemoreplastic-baguseitcancelsout.However,longer-lastingreusablebagsoftenrequiremoreenergytomake.Onestudyfoundthatacottonbagmustbeusedatleast131timestobebetterfortheplanetthanplastic.

Environmentalistsdon'tdispute(质疑)thesepoints.Theyhopepaperbagswillbebannedsomedaytooandwantshopperstousethesamereusablebagsforyears.

24.WhathasStevenSteinbeenhiredtodo

A.Helpincreasegrocerysales.B.Recyclethewastematerial.

C.Stopthingsfallingofftrucks.D.Arguefortheuseofplasticbags.

25.Whatdoestheword“headwinds”inparagraph2referto

A.Bansonplasticbags.B.Effectsofcitydevelopment.

C.Headachescausedbygarbage.D.Plasticbagshungintrees.

26.Whatisadisadvantageofreusablebagsaccordingtoplastic-bagmakers

A.Theyarequiteexpensive.B.Replacingthemcanbedifficult.

C.Theyarelessstrongthanplasticbags.D.Producingthemrequiresmoreenergy.

27.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext

A.Plastic,PaperorNeitherB.Industry,PollutionandEnvironment

C.RecycleorThrowAwayD.GarbageCollectionandWasteControl

24.D【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段oneofStein'sjobsisdefendinganindustrybehindtheplasticshoppingbags.和第二段plastic-bagmakersarehiringscientistslikeSteintomakethecasethattheirproductsarenotasbadfortheplanetasmostpeopleassume.可知塑料袋生产商雇用StevenStein是为了证明他们的产品并不像大多数人想象的那样对地球有害,是对塑料袋被禁用的解释和争论。故选D。

25.A【解析】词义猜测题。上文介绍在许多美国大城市塑料袋被禁用,看到这种现状,塑料袋生产商雇用StevenStein等科学家是为了证明他们的产品并不像大多数人想象的那样对地球有害。headwinds“逆风”,此处指塑料袋被禁用的现状,即Bansonplasticbags,故选A。

26.D【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段However,longer-lastingreusablebagsoftenrequiremoreenergytomake.可知塑料袋生产商认为生产耐用且能重复使用的袋子需要更多的能量,故选D。

7.【2018·浙江卷,C】

Asculturalsymbolsgo,theAmericancarisquiteyoung.TheModelTFordwasbuiltatthePiquettePlantinMichiganacenturyago,withthefirstrollingofftheassemblyline(装配线)onSeptember27,1908.Onlyelevencarswereproducedthenextmonth.ButeventuallyHenryFordwouldbuildfifteenmillionofthem.

ModernAmericawasbornontheroad,behindawheel.ThecarshapedsomeofthemostlastingaspectsofAmericanculture:theroadsidediner,thebillboard,themotel,eventhehamburger.Formostofthelastcentury,thecarrepresentedwhatitmeanttobeAmerican—goingforwardathighspeedtofindnewworlds.Theroadnovel,theroadmovie,thesearethemosttypicalAmericanideas,bornofabundantpetrol,cheapcarsandanever-endinginterstatehighwaysystem,thelargestpublicworksprojectinhistory.

In1928HerbertHooverimaginedanAmericawith“achickenineverypotandacarineverygarage.”Sincethen,thissocietyhasmovedonward,neverlookingback,asthecartransformedAmericafromafarm-basedsocietyintoanindustrialpower.

ThecarsthatdrovetheAmericanDreamhavehelpedtocreateaglobalecologicaldisaster.InAmericathedemandforoilhasgrownby22percentsince1990.

Theproblemsofexcessive(过度的)energyconsumption,climatechangeandpopulationgrowthhavebeendescribedinabookbytheAmericanwriterThomasL.Friedman.Hefearstheworst,buthopesforthebest.

Friedmanpointsoutthatthegreeneconomy(经济)isachancetokeepAmericanstrength.“Theabilitytodesign,buildandexportgreentechnologiesforproducingcleanwater,cleanairandhealthyandabundantfoodisgoingtobethecurrencyofpowerinthenewcentury.”

28.Whyishamburgermentionedinparagraph2

A.ToexplainAmericans’lovefortravellingbycar.

B.ToshowtheinfluenceofcarsonAmericanculture.

C.TostressthepopularityoffastfoodwithAmericans.

D.TopraisetheeffectivenessofAmerica’sroadsystem.

29.WhathastheuseofcarsinAmericaledto

A.Declineofeconomy.B.Environmentalproblems.

C.Ashortageofoilsupply.D.Afarm-basedsociety.

30.WhatisFriedman’sattitudetowardsAmerica’sfuture

A.Ambiguous.B.Doubtful.C.Hopeful.D.Tolerant.

28.B【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段ModernAmericawasbornontheroad,behindawheel.ThecarshapedsomeofthemostlastingaspectsofAmericanculture:theroadsidediner,thebillboard,themotel,eventhehamburger.可知现代美国诞生于公路和汽车,汽车塑造了美国文化最持久的一些方面。Hamburger就是汽车塑造的美国文化的一个方面。用这个例子是在说明汽车对美国文化的影响,故选B。

29.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段ThecarsthatdrovetheAmericanDreamhavehelpedtocreateaglobalecologicaldisaster.可知美国汽车的迅速发展,导致生态灾难。故选B。

30.C【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的Hefearstheworst,buthopesforthebest.和最后一段中的Friedmanpointsoutthatthegreeneconomy(经济)isachancetokeepAmericanstrength.可见Friedman虽然对未来担心,但抱有最好的希望,他指出了发展绿色积极的想法。可见Friedman对未来是充满希望的,故选C。

8.【2018·江苏卷,B】

Inthe1760s,MathurinRozeopenedaseriesofshopsthatboasted(享有)aspecialmeatsoupcalledconsommé.Althoughthemainattractionwasthesoup,Roze'schainshopsalsosetanewstandardfordiningout,whichhelpedtoestablishRozeastheinventorofthemodernrestaurant.

Today,scholarshavegeneratedlargeamountsofinstructiveresearchaboutrestaurants.Takevisualhintsthatinfluencewhatweeat:dinersservedthemselvesabout20percentmorepasta(意大利面食)whentheirplatesmatchedtheirfood.Whenadark-coloredcakewasservedonablackplateratherthanawhiteone,customersrecognizeditassweeterandmoretasty.

Lightingmatters,too.WhenBerlinrestaurantcustomersateindarkness,theycouldn'ttellhowmuchthey'dhad:thosegivenextra-largesharesatemorethaneveryoneelse,nonethewiser—theydidn’tfeelfuller,andtheywerejustasreadyfordessert.

Timeismoney,butthatprinciplemeansdifferentthingsfordifferenttypesofrestaurants.Unlikefast-foodplaces,finediningshopsprefercustomerstostaylongerandspend.Onewaytoencouragecustomerstostayandorderthatextraround:putonsomeMozart(莫扎特).Whenclassical,ratherthanpop,musicwasplaying,dinersspentmore.Fastmusichurrieddinersout.

Particularscentsalsohaveaneffect:dinerswhogotthescentoflavender(薰衣草)stayedlongerandspentmorethanthosewhosmelledlemon,ornoscent.

Meanwhile,thingsthatyoumightexpecttodiscouragespending—"bad"tables,crowding.highprices—don'tnecessarily.Dinersatbadtables—nexttothekitchendoor,say—spentnearlyasmuchasothersbutsoonfled.Itcanbeconcludedthatrestaurantkeepersneednot"beoverlyconcernedabout‘bad’tables,"giventhatthey'reprofitable.Asforcrowds,aHongKongstudyfoundthattheyincreasedarestaurant'sreputation,suggestinggreatfoodatfairprices.Anddoublingabuffet'spriceledcustomerstosaythatitspizzawas11percenttastier.

58.Theunderlinedphrase"nonethewiser"inparagraph3mostprobablyimpliesthatthecustomerswere.

A.notawareofeatingmorethanusual

B.notwillingtosharefoodwithothers

C.notconsciousofthefoodquality

D.notfondofthefoodprovided

59.Howcouldafinediningshopmakemoreprofit

A.Playingclassicalmusic.

B.Introducinglemonscent.

C.Makingthelightbrighter,

D.Usingplatesoflargersize.

60.Whatdoesthelastparagraphtalkabout

A.Tipstoattractmorecustomers.

B.Problemsrestaurantsarefacedwith.

C.Waystoimproverestaurants'reputation.

D.Commonmisunderstandingsaboutrestaurants.

9.【2018·江苏卷,D】

Childrenasyoungastenarebecomingdependentonsocialmediafortheirsenseofself-worth,amajorstudywarned.

Itfoundmanyyoungsters(少年)nowmeasuretheirstatusbyhowmuchpublicapprovaltheygetonline,oftenthrough“likes”.Somechangetheirbehaviourinreallifetoimprovetheirimageontheweb.

Thereportintoyoungstersagedfrom8to12wascarriedoutbyChildren'sCommissioner(专员)AnneLongfield.Shesaidsocialmediafirmswereexposingchildrentomajoremotionalrisks,withsomeyoungstersstartingsecondaryschoolill-equippedtocopewiththetremendouspressuretheyfacedonline.

Somesocialappswerepopularamongthechildreneventhoughtheysupposedlyrequireuserstobeatleast13.Theyoungstersadmittedplanningtripsaroundpotentialphoto-opportunitiesandthenmessagingfriends—andfriendsoffriends—todemand“likes”fortheironlineposts.

Thereportfoundthatyoungstersfelttheirfriendshipscouldbeatriskiftheydidnotrespondtosocialmediapostsquickly,andaroundtheclock.

Childrenaged8to10were"startingtofeelhappy"whenotherslikedtheirposts.However,thoseinthe10to12agegroupwere"concernedwithhowmanypeopleliketheirposts",suggestinga“need”forsocialrecognitionthatgetsstrongertheoldertheybecome.

MissLongfieldwarnedthatagenerationofchildrenriskedgrowingup"worriedabouttheirappearanceandimageasaresultoftheunrealisticlifestylestheyfollowonplatforms,andincreasinglyanxiousaboutswitchingoffduetotheconstantdemandsofsocialmedia.

Shesaid:"Childrenareusingsocialmediawithfamilyandfriendsandtoplaygameswhentheyareinprimaryschool.Butwhatstartsasfunusageofappsturnsintotremendouspressureinrealsocialmediainteractionatsecondaryschool."

Astheirworldexpanded,shesaid,childrencomparedthemselvestoothersonlineinawaythatwas"hugelydamagingintermsoftheirself-identity,intermsoftheirconfidence,butalsointermsoftheirabilitytodevelopthemselves".

MissLongfieldadded:"Thenthereisthispushtoconnect—ifyougooffline,willyoumisssomething,willyoumissout,willyoushowthatyoudon'tcareaboutthosepeopleyouarefollowing,allofthosecometogetherinahugewayatonce.""Forchildrenitisvery,verydifficulttocopewithemotionally."TheChildren'sCommissionerforEngland'sstudy—lifeinLikes—foundthatchildrenasyoungas8wereusingsocialmediaplatformslargelyforplay.

However,theresearch—involvingeightgroupsof32childrenaged8to12—suggestedthatastheyheadedtowardtheirteens,theybecameincreasinglyanxiousonline.

Bythetimetheystartedsecondaryschool—atage11—childrenwerealreadyfarmoreawareoftheirimageonlineandfeltunderhugepressuretoensuretheirpostswerepopular,thereportfound.

However,theystilldidnotknowhowtocopewithmean-spiritedjokes,orthesenseofincompetencetheymightfeeliftheycomparedthemselvestocelebrities(名人)ormorebrilliantfriendsonline.Thereportsaidtheyalsofacedpressuretorespondtomessagesatallhoursoftheday—especiallyatsecondaryschoolwhenmoreyoungstershavemobilephones.

TheChildren’sCommissionersaidschoolsandparentsmustnowdomoretopreparechildrenfortheemotionalminefield(雷区)theyfacedonline.Andshesaidsocialmediacompaniesmustalso"takemoreresponsibility".Theyshouldeithermonitortheirwebsitesbettersothatchildrendonotsignuptooearly,ortheyshouldadjusttheirwebsitestotheneedsofyoungerusers.

JavedKhan,ofchildren'scharityBamardo's,said:"It'svitalthatnewcompulsoryage-appropriaterelationshipandsexeducationlessonsinEnglandshouldhelpequipchildrentodealwiththegrowingdemandsofsocialmedia.

“It’salsohugelyimportantforparentstoknowwhichappstheirchildrenareusing.”

65.Whydidsomesecondaryschoolstudentsfeeltoomuchpressure

A.Theywerenotprovidedwithadequateequipment.

B.Theywerenotwellpreparedforemotionalrisks.

C.Theywererequiredtogivequickresponses.

D.Theywerepreventedfromusingmobilephones.

66.Somesocialappcompaniesweretoblamebecause.

A.theydidn'tadequatelychecktheirusers'registration

B.theyorganizedphototripstoattractmoreyoungsters

C.theyencouragedyoungsterstopostmorephotos

D.theydidn'tstopyoungstersfromstayinguplate

67.Children'scomparingthemselvestoothersonlinemayleadto.

A.lessfriendlinesstoeachother

B.lowerself-identityandconfidence

C.anincreaseinonlinecheating

D.astrongerdesiretostayonline

68.AccordingtoLifeinLikes,aschildrengrew,theybecamemoreanxiousto.

A.circulatetheirpostsquicklyB.knowthequalitiesoftheirposts

C.usemobilephonesforplayD.getmorepublicapproval

69.Whatshouldparentsdotosolvetheproblem

A.Communicatemorewithsecondaryschools.

B.Urgemediacompaniestocreatesaferapps.

C.Keeptrackofchildren'suseofsocialmedia.

D.Forbidtheirchildrenfromvisitingtheweb.

70.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout

A.Theinfluenceofsocialmediaonchildren.

B.Theimportanceofsocialmediatochildren.

C.Theprobleminbuildingahealthyrelationship.

D.Themeasuretoreducerisksfromsocialmedia.

城南校区:泉州市鲤城区天后路40号金山校区:新华南路金山南区江南校区:金龙街道高山社区

THE END
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