2、outwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandaquestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Herworkingalldaylong.B.Thefamilyr
3、eunion.C.Theannoyinghousework.D.Theintenseschedule.2.A.Thekidswerefrightenedbythemovie.B.Thekidsenjoyedthemovie.C.Themovieisnotsuitableforkidstosee.D.Themovieisquiteboring.3.A.Sheisdrinkingteaatatable.B.Sheisinterestedinreadingmagazines.C.Shelikes
4、thepicturesinthemagazines.D.ShedoesntknowanyChinese.4.A.Supermarket.B.Drugstore.C.Barbershop.D.Shoppingcenter.5.A.Helikescookingfoodhimself.B.Hethinksfrozenfoodishealthier.C.Heacceptsthewomansinvitation.D.Hepreferstobuyfrozenfood.6.A.Afull-timestuden
5、t.B.Anexchangestudent.C.Avisitingscholar.D.Apart-timestudent.7.A.Sheisbossy.B.Sheisshy.C.Sheisarrogant(傲慢的).D.Sheistrustworthy.8.A.Hesateacher.B.Hesawriter.C.Hesabusinessman.D.Hesajournalist.9.A.1hour.B.2hours.C.3hours.D.4hours.10.A.Thebadwea
6、therstoppedhim.B.Hisshoeswerewornout.C.Hedidntlikethebikingtrip.D.Hestootiredtocontinue.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation.Aftereachpassageorconversation,youwillbeaskedseveralquestion.Thepassagesandconver
7、sationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionwillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Question11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.Theybecamemoreactive
8、inwater.B.Symptomsofdepressiondisappeared.C.Theirdigestiondeveloped.D.Theysufferedfromdepression.12.A.Neonlights.B.Kindlescreens.C.Overweight.D.Closedwindowcurtains.13.A.Turnoffalltheelectronicdevices.B.Readabookanddrinksomewater.C.Takesomesleeppills.D.
9、Goonadietandlosesomeweight.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.71%ofthepoorliveadaywithlessthantendollars.B.Thepopulationofpeopleliveinpovertyhasdecreasedinthepastdecade.C.Economicgrowthhasmadeglobalpovertyworsethanbefore.D.The
10、middleclassarenowonestepawayfrompoverty.15.A.Themiddleclasshasexpandedinthe111countries.B.Thenumberofmiddleclasshasincreasedbutitisnotaglobalphenomenon.C.Greatprogresshasbeenmadeforthepeopleinpovertywithimpressiveresults.D.Oncegettingoutofpoverty,th
11、osepeoplewillliveabetterlife.16.A.Themiddleclasswouldnotallowthosepoortomakeabetterliving.B.Whateverprogressismade,nothingwillbechanged.C.Goodchangesaretootinytomakethosepoorliveatotallydifferentlife.D.Developedcountriessufferfromthequestionfromboth
12、povertyandthemiddleclass.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17.A.Athunderstormaccident.B.Acableemergency.C.AnappointmentonSaturday.D.Acomputersystembreakdown.18.A.Lightning.B.Powerfailure.C.Cablecut.D.Systemfailure.19.A.PlugtheTVoff.B
13、.Keepthecableconnected.C.Stayathome.D.Callthecablecenterforsure.20.A.OnSaturdaymorning.B.OnSaturdayafternoon.C.OnTuesdaymorning.D.OnTuesdayafternoon.II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagesbelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagesc
14、oherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.MyKid-FreeLifeIhadexpectedtohavemorefreetimeaftermysons,EvanandAlex,eachleftforcollegeand
15、Ido.Thekitchencalendarlooksspare.Rarely(21)_Ineedtopreparefamilydinnereveryday.Thereisalot(22)_(little)laundry.Whentheboyswereinfants,IwonderedhowI(23)_(spend)allthehoursbeforetheywereborn.(24)__Ihavethosehoursback,Icanfocusonmyownneeds.Ihad
16、alsoexpectedtoworryaboutthemwhentheywereaway.AndIdo.Didtheygettheirflushots(流感疫苗注射)？Willtheyrememberthetalksabout“goodchoices”Ontheotherhand,theworryismixedwithrelief.Ihaveseen(25)_vigorouslytheygrowwithoutme.DoImissthemYes.Bothmoreandlesstha
17、nIdguessed.DoIfeelunitedforhavinglostmyprimaryroleinlifeNo,becauseovertheyear,Itookgreatpride(26)_thefactthatmyidentitywasnotdependentontheirs.But,surprisingly,yes.(27)_(be)adifferentkindofmotherdefinesmenow.Themissingcomesatunexpectedmoments:se
18、eingtheschoolbusdriveby,startingtoputtoomanyplatesonthetableWhentheyhavedoubtsaboutfriendshipsorjobprospects,Icanonlysay,“Imsureyouwillfigureitout.”Andyet,thespaces(28)_(empty)bylossaremorethanfilledbywhatIvefound.Inowhavethechance(29)_(see)
19、themasthewholeworlddoesbutalsolikenooneelseeverwill.AsadultsIhappenedtohelpcreate.Therooms(30)_theboysusedtolivelookvacant.Ifeelsadnessbutalsojoy.Iknewtheywouldleave,buttheywillfindtheirwayback.Myhomeisempty.Butoverflowing.SectionBDirections:Fi
20、llineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.AddressB.fascinationC.governedD.imposingE.offensiveF.originallyG.overlookingH.rebellionI.reminderJ.randomlyK.sweptPalacesareknownfortheirb
21、eautyandsplendor,buttheyofferlittleprotectionagainstattacks.Itiseasytodefendafortress(堡垒）,butfortressesarenotdesignedwiththecomfortofkingorqueeninmind.Whenitcomestostructuresthatareboth(31)_andwell-fortifiedtheclassicEuropeancastleisthepinnacle(小尖顶）o
22、fdesign.Acrosstheagescastleschanged,developed，andeventuallyfelloutofuse,buttheystillcommandthe(32)_ofourculture.Castleswere(33)_builtinEnglandbyNormaninvadersin1066.AsWilliamtheConqueror(34)_throughEngland,hefortifiedkeypositionstosecurethelandhehad
23、taken.ThecastleshebuiltallowedtheNormanlordstoretreattosafetywhenthreatenedbyEnglish(35)_.Castlesalsoservedasbasesofoperationforoffensiveattacks.Troopsweresummonedto,organizedaround,anddeployedfromcastles.Inthiswaycastlesservedboth(36)_anddefensiverol
24、esinmilitaryoperations.Notlimitedtomilitarypurposes,castlesalsoservedasofficesfromWhichthelordwouldadministercontroloverhisfiefdom(领地).Thatistosay,thelordofthelandwouldholdcourtinhiscastle.Thosethatweresociallybeneaththelordwouldcometoreporttheaffair
25、softhelandsthatthey(37)_andpaidtributetothelord.Theywould(38)_disputes,handlebusiness,feast,andenjoyfestivities.InthiswaycastlesservedasimportantsocialcentersinmedievalEngland.Castlesalsoservedassymbolsofpower.Builtonprominentsites(39)_thesurroundin
26、gareas,castlesconstantlyloomedinthebackgroundofmanypeasantslivesandservedasadaily(40)_ofthelordsstrength.III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections：ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagestherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththeword
27、orphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Humanshatemarkedlytogiveworkersmorethantheydeserve；andindeedmanywillsettleforlesstocompensateworkequitably.Butisthisimpulse(41)_Perhapsnot,sayspsychologicalscientistMarieSchaferinGermany.AccordingtoSchafer,nobodyhasever
28、lookedathowyoungchildrenfromdifferent(42)_thinkaboutmeritwhensharingrewards.ThereisreasontosuspectthatmeritocracymaybemoreofaWesternconceptandvalue,sosheandseveralcolleaguesdecidedtoputthistothetest,studyingthe(43)_ofchildren,fourto11yearsold,in
29、threedifferentcultures.Theideawastotesthowmuchthechildrenvaluedmerit.Soeachchildwasgivenanumberofsweetsequaltothetotalnumberoffishinthecatch,andwastoldtodistributethesweetsanywayheorshewantedwithoutadultsintheroomtoinfluencethem.Iftheyvaluedme
30、rit,childrenshould(44)_thesweetsaccordingtosharesofthecatch.Thatis,iftheyhadlandedthesamenumberoffish,theywouldchoosetorewardeachone(45)_,butifonefaredmuchbetteratfishing,rewardswouldalsobedisproportionate.Inthecasewheretheyweresimplygiventhefi
31、sh,rewardsshouldbeunrelatedtocatchsizesincenoeffortwasinvolved.(46)_matters.Thatsthemainfindingamongmanyfromthestudy,asdescribedinaforthcomingissueofthejournalPsychologicalScience.TheGermanchildrendistributedthespoilsofthedaypreciselyinproportionto(47)
32、_,evenwhenthismeantaveryunbalanceddistributionofrewards.Bycontrast,childrenfromthetworuralAfricanforager(狩猎)societiesbarelytookmeritintoconsiderationatall.Thesefindingssuggestthatthebasicnotionofmeritanddistributivejusticeisfarfromuniversalinourspecies,
33、andthat(48)_isculturallydefined.ButwhyThescientistsoffersome(49)_onthis.Itcouldbethatinlarge-scalesocietieslikeGermany,ameritocracyis(50)_forregulatingtransactionsbetweenpeoplewhodontknoweachotherandmaynotinteractagain.Thefocusisonequitableinteracti
34、ons,becausethingswontbe“evenedout”inthefuture.Insmallscalesocieties,(51)_，mostexchangestakeplacebetweenpeoplewhoare(52)_withoneanother.Itmaybemoreimportantinsuchsocietiestobuildlong-termrelationshipsbasedonequityratherthantoinsistonequityinasingletr
35、ansaction.Inegalitarianforagersocieties,suchastheHaillom,(53)_isanimportantlevelingmechanism,(54)_asymmetriesinwealthandincreasingharmony.Childrenmayinternalizethesesocialvaluesearlyon,andapplythemevenwhenthefishingtripis(55)_.41.A.unblockedB.universalC.
36、unconsciousD.unique42.A.culturesB.casesC.companiesD.aspects43.A.moodB.behaviorC.emotionD.habit44.A.collectB.loadC.stressD.distribute45.A.reallyB.deliberatelyC.equallyD.happily46.A.SceneB.ObjectC.CultureD.Trend47.A.productivityB.benefitC.interestD.s
37、urvey48.A.tirednessB.businessC.thicknessD.fairness49.A.feelingsB.thoughtsC.livesD.emotions50.A.usefulB.majorC.smallD.important51.A.inawordB.inadditionC.bycontrastD.whatsmore52.A.familiarB.delightedC.satisfiedD.same53.A.cooperatingB.smilingC.equaling
38、D.sharing54.A.forcingB.judgingC.balancingD.experiencing55.A.creativeB.imaginaryC.innovativeD.logicSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,Ca
39、ndD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)WeHaveaPaintertoThankforYellowstoneBeforeartistThomasMoransetfootinthepark,itwasseenasunhappyplace.After,itwasmarketedasawonderland.BeforeThomasMoranarrived,Ye
40、llowstoneinthepopularimaginationwasaharsh,wildplacepockedwithhellishgeysers.Afterthepaintersworkwasfinished,Yellowstonewasestablishedasanationalparkandmarketedasawonderland.In1871MoranandphotographerWilliamHenryJacksonhadjoinedthefirstU.S.governmentsurve
41、yoftheregion.FortwoweeksMoranfilledasketchbookwiththelandscapesmoststunningsights.Thesurveyresults,Jacksonsphotos,andMoranswatercolorsthefirstcolorrenderingsoftheareawerepresentedtoCongressthatfall.“Thephotographswereproofthatwhattheartistwasshowingreall
42、yexisted,”saysEleanorHarvey,seniorcuratorattheSmithsonianAmericanArtMuseum.InMarch1872lawmakersofficiallymadeYellowstoneanationalpark,theworldsfirst.ByApril,Moranhadtransformedsomeofhissketchesintoa7-by-l2-footpainting.Thegold-splatteredvalleyandbillowing
43、LowerFallsof“TheGrandCanyonoftheYellowstone”attractedthepublic.“Itistoograndandwonderfulforwords,”declaredtheLadiesRepositorythatAugust,“andnonecaneverjudgeofitswondersfromanyengravingorphotographinmereblackandwhite.ThoughMoranlaterpaintedLakeSuperior
44、,theGrandCanyon,andtheRockies,hisreputationwassointertwinedwithYellowstonethathetooktosigninghispaintings“TYM,”forThomas“Yellowstone”Moran.56.WhatcanweknowaboutYellowstoneaccordingtothepassageA.ItwasapopularparkwithgeysersbeforeThomasMoranfinishedtran
45、sformation.B.Itwasanimaginationofaharshandwildplace.C.ItbecameanationalparkwiththeeffortsofMoranandJackson.D.Itisanattractivegrandvalley.57.Whatdoesthepockedmeaninthefirstsentence(paragraph2)A.Packed.B.Dotted.C.Blocked.D.Stuck.58.Whatarethecharacteri
46、sticsofThomasMoranspaintingsaboutYellowstoneParkA.Payingattentiontocolorrenderingofpaintings.B.Hismagnificentandwonderfulpaintings.C.HisreputationcloselylinkedtoYellowstonePark.D.Hispaintingswithnothingspecial.59.WhatdoesthepassagemainlytalkaboutA.TheSignifi
47、canceofThomasMoranspaintingstoYellowstonePark.B.HowYellowstoneParkisestablishedasaNationalPark.C.TheGreatPainterThomasMoran.D.TheprocessofYellowstoneParkbeinglabelledasafairyland.(B)WhyUPSTrucks,(Almost)NeverTurnLeftByfavoringright-handturnsatalltimesunless
48、aleftisunavoidablethecarriersavesmillionsofgallonsoffueleachyear,andavoidsemissionsequivalenttoover20,000passengercars.Thepracticestarteddecadesago,beforecomputersandGPS,andisnowmanagedbyasoftwarethatconjuresthemostefficientrouteforeachtruck.Whatswrongw
49、ithturningleftLeft-handturnsaregenerallyconsideredunsafeandwastefulonright-handdrivingroads,suchasthoseintheU.S.“Left-turningtraffictypicallyhastoturnagainstaflowofoncomingvehicles,”explainsTomVanderbilt,authorofthebookTraffic:WhyWedrivethewaywedo.”“Th
50、iscannotonlybedangerous,butmakestrafficbuildup,unlessyouinstalladedicatedleft-turnphase,whichisfinebutbasicallyadds30or45secondstoeveryoneelsessingletime,”hesaid.Astudyoncrashfactorsinintersection-relatedaccidentsfromtheU.S.NationalHighwayTrafficSafet
51、yAssociationshowsthatturningleftisoneoftheleading“criticalpre-crashevents”(aneventthatmadeacollisioninevitable),occurringin22.2percentofcrashes,asopposedto1.2percentforrightturns.About61percentofcrashesthatoccurwhileturningorcrossinganintersectioninv
52、olveleftturns,asopposedtojust3.1percentinvolvingrightturns.Leftturnsarealsothreetimesmorelikelytokillpedestriansthanrightones,accordingtodatacollectedbyNewYorkCitystransportationplanners.Therightwaytosavefuel“Aleft-handturnisalsolessfuelefficient,”said
53、JackLevis,UPSSeniorDirectorofProcessManagement,“becauseyourcarsidling(未熄火)longer,whichisalsonotgoodforyourvehicle.”UPSdoesnotbanleftturnsoutright,saysLevis:“Wewillmakelefthandturns,butnotonesthatareunnecessary.Wedontneedtogoincirclesalldaylongby
54、makingonlyrighthandturns.Wehavetoolsanalyzethenumberoflefthandturnforeachroute,andwecanworkoutwhichonesareavoidable.”Theprocedureinnowincorporatedinmostcountriesaroundtheworld.Tothisend,thecarriercreateditsownmaps,whichitsaysaremoreaccuratethatcomm
55、erciallyavailableones:“Wecandifferentiatemoreimportantleft-handturnsfromunimportantones.GoogleMapshasnoconceptofnotmakingaleft-handturn,itjustshowsthemostdirectwaytoreachyourdestination.Wehavetheabilitytopenalizesomeofthose.”LevistoldCNN.Thesystemknows
56、aboutparkinglots,privatedriveways,variablespeedlimitsandroadsthatareinaccessibleforatruck.Thesoftwarecangiveanundesirableleftturnapenaltythatadds20secondstotheestimatedroutelime.Inthatcase,goingaroundtheblockandturningalwaysrightmightoffsetthat20-scco
57、ndpenalty：“Wewereabletoturnofflefthandturns,”saidLevis.Takingalongerroutewhilestillsavingtimeandfuelmightsoundconfusing,eventoUPSdrivers,accordingtoVanderbilt:“IveactuallybeentoUPSslogisticscenteranddiscussedthiswiththeirleadengineers.”hesaid.“Alotofi
58、ndividualdriversfeltthenewroutingsoftwarewasmakingtheirtripslonger，buttheywerelaterprovenwrong.Thisisthethingabouttraffic,itssuchacomplexsystemthatoftentheindividualcannotgetasenseoftheoverallefficiencyofthesystem,andoptimizeaccordingly.Itsalsooneoft
59、hecounterintuitive,slower-is-fastereffectsyouoftenseeintraffic.”Therule,saysLevis,canalsobeappliedtoleft-handdrivingcountries,suchasAustraliaandtheUK,whereitdiscouragesright-handturns.60.HowmuchresourcescanUPStruckssavebyavoidingturningleftA.UPStruckswil
60、lconsumemillionsofgallonsoffuel.B.TheemissionofUPStrucksisequivalenttothatofover2000passengercars.C.UPStrucksestimatetosave100,000metrictonsofC02emissionayear.D.UPStrucksestimateanincreaseof6to8milesperroute.61.InTomVanderbiltsView,howtoDealwitht