哈勃生日快乐:太空望远镜庆祝在轨30周年
Today,April24,2020,theHubbleSpaceTelescopecelebratesits30thbirthdayinorbit,andwhatanincredible30yearstheyhavebeen.Theobservatoryhaspeeredintospacelikenoothermissionbefore,providingdatathathaschangedourunderstandingoftheuniverseanddazzleduswiththebeautyofthecosmos.
今天，2020年4月24日，哈勃太空望远镜在轨道上庆祝它的30岁生日，这是多么不可思议的30年啊。在此之前，天文台从未像现在这样深入太空，它提供的数据改变了我们对宇宙的理解，让我们为宇宙之美而倾倒。
TheachievementsofHubblecannotbeoverstated.Itsfirstimage,snappedonMay20,1990,wasaphotoofabinarystar,HD96755,intheopenclusterNGC3532,alsoknownasthePincushionCluster,about1,300light-yearsawayfromus.Overthefollowingthreedecades,thetelescopehasdeliveredover1millionobservations,fromplanetsintheSolarSystemtogalaxiesinthefirstbillionyearsoftheuniverse.
哈勃的成就怎么说都不为过。它的第一张照片拍摄于1990年5月20日，是一颗名为HD96755的双星，位于离我们约1300光年远的NGC3532开放星团，也被称为平尾星团。在接下来的30年里，该望远镜已经完成了100多万次观测，从太阳系的行星到宇宙最初10亿年的星系。
AlfredoCarpineti
ManyfactswenowtakeforgrantedwereonlydiscoveredorconfirmedthankstothekeeneyeofHubbleandtheincredibleworkofscientistsacrosstheworld.Thetelescopeconfirmedtheexistenceofsupermassiveblackholesatthecoreofeverygalaxyanditsobservationsofaparticulartypeofsupernovaprovedthattheuniversecontinuestoexpandfasterandfaster.
我们现在认为理所当然的许多事实，多亏了哈勃敏锐的眼睛和世界各地科学家令人难以置信的工作，才得以发现或证实。该望远镜证实了在每个星系的中心存在超大质量黑洞，它对一种特定类型超新星的观测证明了宇宙继续以越来越快的速度膨胀。
TheBubbleNebula,alsoknownasNGC7635,isanemissionnebulalocated8000light-yearsaway.NASA,ESA,HubbleHeritageTeam
哈勃还帮助估算了银河系的重要性质，比如它的质量和大小。根据收集到的数据，再加上欧洲航天局的盖亚观测结果，银河系的质量约为1.5万亿个太阳，直径为12.9万光年。哈勃的观测不仅仅是关于宇宙的更广泛的奥秘，它还在我们的太阳系中发现了很多;从观察木星的卫星Ganymede的极光到发现冥王星的第五颗卫星。它甚至发现了Arrokoth，人类探索过的最遥远的世界。
TheEagleNebula’sPillarsofCreation.NASA,ESA/HubbleandtheHubbleHeritageTeam
Muchofscienceisaboutpredictingphenomenaandmakingobservationstoseeifthepredictionsarecorrect.AnotablepredictionthatwasproventobetruewastheRefsdalsupernova.Thiseventtookplaceinagalaxyover10billionlight-yearsawaywithalargeclusterofgalaxiesbetweenusandthisobject(acrucialfact).Theclusterswarpspace-timetosuchadegreethatmultipleimagesofthemoredistantgalaxythathostsofRefsdalsupernovawerecaptured.Sincethoseimageswerenotfromthesametime,astronomerssawtheexplosionseveraltimes.ThelastimageofittakenonDecember11,2015,wassnappedbyHubble.Theseobservationsallowedustotestmodelsofhowspace-timeiswarpedbygravity.
Hubble’smostrecentrefurbishmentwasin2009andsincethenithasdevelopedsomeproblemsduetoitsimpressiveage.However,thankstotheworkoftheHubbleteamitcontinuestoperformwell,andwillhopefullyhelpusunravelthemysteriesofthecosmosforalongtimetocome.
Ifyouwanttojoininthecelebrations,checkoutthistooltofindoutwhatHubblephotographedonyourbirthday.
如果你想参加庆祝活动，通过这个工具，找出哈勃在生日当天拍摄了什么。
ThisistheHubbleUltraDeepField,thisgalaxy-studdedviewrepresentsa"deep"coresampleoftheuniverse,cuttingacrossbillionsoflight-years.NASA,ESA,andS.Beckwith(STScI)andtheHUDFTeam
TheNASA/ESAHubbleSpaceTelescope’sWideFieldCamera3observedSaturnon20June2019astheplanetmadeitsclosestapproachtoEarththisyear,atapproximately1.36billionkilometresaway.NASA,ESA,A.Simon(GoddardSpaceFlightCenter),andM.H.Wong(UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley)
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