2、estfires.2)WhataretwoharmfuleffectsofglobalwarmingonanimalsandnatureThenumberofanimalsperspecieshasbeendecreasingandsomeanimalsspreaddiseasestohumanbeings.3)WhatarethetwoeffectsofozonedepletionCropscannotsurviveandmorepeoplesufferskincancer.4)What
3、aretwofactorscausingglobalwarmingmentionedinthepassageGreenhousegasesandozonedepletion.5)WhydontpeoplethinkglobalwarmingisaproblemBecauseitdoesnotaffectthemdirectly.2.MatchthewordsandphraseswiththeirdefinitionsaccordingtoReading1.1)e2)g3)d4)j5)a6)
4、i7)f8)k9)h10)c11)l12)b4.SkimReading2forthequestionsbelow.1)WhatistherelationshipbetweenglobalwarmingandgreenhousegasesGlobalwarmingistheeffectofgreenhousegases.2)WhatroledoesseawaterplayinglobalwarmingTheincreasingtemperatureofseawaterwillreleasem
5、oreCO2,whichwillaggravateglobalwarming.3)WhatisthesignificanceofdevelopingnewsourcesofenergyItcanreducethereleaseofgreenhousegases.4)Comparedwithwatervapor,whatsthemajorcharacteristicofcarbondioxideCarbondioxide,oncereleased,willlastupto100yearsinth
6、eatmosphere.5.IntegrateinformationinReading1andReading2andfillinthefollowingtable.TheCausesofGlobalWarmingTheEffectsofGreenhouseGasesTheEffectofGlobalWarmingandOzoneDepletion1)ongoingburningoffossilfuels2)releaseofgreenhousegases3)greenhouseeffect4)rising
7、temperatureofseawater1)builduptokeepheat2)thintheozonelayer1)existinclimatechange2)affectanimalsandnature3)canbefoundinplants4)affectnature,peopleandtheeconomy1)allowharmfulraysfromthesuntoreachtheearth2)increaseskincancerpatients6.Matchthewor
8、dsandphraseswiththeirdefinitionsaccordingtoReading2.1)i2)k3)h4)a5)j6)b7)d8)g9)e10)l11)c12)f8.ScanReading3forthemissinginformationinthetablebelow.TimeConventions/AgreementsContent1992UNFCCCtopreventdangeroushumaninterferenceoftheclimatesystem1997KyotoProt
9、ocolsetoutspecificcommitmentsbyindividualdevelopedcountriestoreducedemissionsbyanaverageof5.2%below1990levelsbytheperiod20082012200915thUNFCCCConferenceofthePartiesCopenhagenAccordaimtolimitthefutureincreaseinglobalmeantemperaturetobelow2201016thConfere
10、nceofthePartiesPartiesshouldtakeurgentactiontoreducegreenhousegasemissionstomeetagoaloflimitingglobalwarmingto2abovepre-industrialtemperatures.9.MatchthewordsandphraseswiththeirdefinitionsaccordingtoReading3.1)l2)c3)a4)i5)h6)k7)d8)j9)f10)b11)g12)e
11、12.SkimReading4todecidewhichstatementisthemainideaofeachparagraph.1)c2)a此处的三个题目答案都不理想,供参考.3)a第二段落基本论述:pollutionleadstotherisingtemperaturetrend;thevestedinterestgroupareagainstproposalstolessentheglobalwarming;asaresult,prospectslooksbleak.整个语篇：现象+原因+结果13.
12、MatchthewordsandphraseswiththeirdefinitionsaccordingtoReading4.1)f2)c3)k4)j5)h6)b7)a8)l9)d10)g11)e12)iRereadReading4anddecidewhetherthestatementsareinferred(I)orexplicitlyexpressed(E)orsimplyunsaid(U).1)I(Para.1)2)I(Para.1)3)E(Para.1)4)I(Para.1)
13、5)I(Para.1)6)I(Para.2)7)I(Para.2,3)8)I(Para.3)Listening2.ListentoPart1ofListening1andcirclethecorrectanswer.1)B2)A3)A4.ListentoPart4ofListening1andcheckthestatementsbelowanddecidewhethertheyaretrue(T)orfalse(F).1)T2)T3)T4)T5.ListentoPart5of
14、Listening1andcompletethefollowingparagraph.unusuallywarmervegetablesandfruitstaketheheatlimitthefoodsurvive8.ListentoPart1ofListening2andchoosethebestanswer.1)B2)B3)A4)A9.ListentoPart2ofListening2andanswerthequestionsbelow.1)(1)leavelightsonwhenw
15、earenotintheroom(2)switchofftheTVbytheremote(3)turnontheheaterwhenwecouldputonanextralayerofclothing(4)turnontheairconditionerwhenwecouldopenthewindowandturnonafan2)Airconditioners,washingmachines,laptop,desktop.3)Becausetheyuselesselectricit
16、yandwater,hencetherearefewCO2impacts.4)WastingtimeandproducingCO2emissions.10.ListentoPart3ofListening2andcompletethefollowingparagraphs.uselesswaterwhichfightbusinessmeetingbenefitseffectiveemployersWriting2.Paraphraseeachofthesentencesbelowbyusingas
17、manysynonymsaspossible.1)Greenhousegaseshavealargeimpactontheatmosphere.2)Theyevenrefusetomakethecalled-fortinycutbacksinemissions.3)Inspiteofsomepoliticians,theoverwhelmingconsensusisthatglobalwarmingcannotbeavoided.4)Itisagreedthatglobalwarmingresu
18、ltsfromthepollutingimpactofhumanactivities.5)Consequently,allcreaturesareleftwithoutshelter.6)Apartfromtheeffectonanimalsandnature,theworldseconomyisalsoatrisk.7)Thepracticehasneverbeenanythingotherthanhumanbeingsconstantthirstformorewealth.8)Theprop
19、osalwasrejectedonthebasisthatitviolatedhumanrights.3.Paraphraseeachofthesentencesbelowaccordingtothemodels.1)Theonlysolutiontotheproblemisanalternativefuelsource.2)Heavyexposuretoallthelightandheatwillcausepeople,plants,andanimalstodie.3)Itisimpo
20、rtanttopreventhumaninterferenceintheclimatesystem.4)Thedevelopedworldshouldmakeagreatcontributionforhumansurvivalinthefuture.5)Thefailuretoachievethegoalwillleadtoaterriblefuture.4.Readtheparagraphstakenfromthisunitandsummarizeeachofthemusingonesen
21、tenceonly.1)Apartfromcarbondioxide,theothergreenhousegasesalsoaffecttheenvironment.2)Withtoomanygreenhousegases,however,thelightandheatwillharmplants,animalsandpeople.3)Sometimesthegreenhouseeffectcanmaketheearthsuitableforpeopletoliveon.5.Readthefol
22、lowingparagraphsandunderlinethetopicsentences.Addoneifitisabsent.1)Thesedayslifestylesseemtochangefast.2)HonestywasseenasanimportantpartoftheAmericancharacter.3)Goodmannersareimportant,butwaysofexpressinggoodmannersaredifferentfromcountrytocountry.4)
23、Fearisoftenamostusefulemotion.5)Everywheremanisalteringthebalanceofnature.IntegratedExercises2.Fillinthefollowingblankswithwordsgivenbelow.Changetheformswherenecessary.1)impact2)consensus3)exposed4)reproducing5)prospect6)associating7)prominent8)descenda
24、nts9)subsequent10)bleak11)dramatically12)viciousGuessthemeaningofthefollowingwordsandthenaddmorewordsusingthesameprefixorsuffix.1)regainreappearrecyclerediscoverrearrange2)dichromaticdilemmadichotomizediatomicdisyllable3)lengthstrengthwidthbreadthtruth4)i
25、nterpersonalinternationalinternetinteractiveinterview5)generouscourageousvigorousvirtuousspacious6)eco-friendlyeco-awarenesseco-tourismeco-efficiencyeco-drive7)previewprehistorypreschoolprepayprejudge8)sharpendeepenlengthenshortenbroaden9)forefatherforesightforeseefo
26、retellforebear10)telephonetelescopetelegramteletexttelecommunication4.Tickoffthosewordsorphraseswhichcannotcollocatewiththeheadword.1)lackin2)newenvironment3)ofgovernment;toconstruct4)withthought5)theaction6)adrugdeal;toeachother7)comeacrossan8)language;
27、source9)toincreasedcost10)onewithone5.Fromtheboxbelow,findasmanysynonymsaspossibleforthelistedwords.1)region:area,district,field,section,domain,sector2)adapt:adjust,accustom,suit,arrange,accommodate,alter,change3)issue:question,problem,subject,topic,mat
28、ter,controversy4)impact:effect,influence,power,consequence5)arise:occur,result,stem,appear,derive,emerge6)reduce:cut,decrease,lessen,weaken,diminish7)goal:aim,objective,purpose,end,target8)particularly:especially,unusually,exceptionally,distinctly9)entirely:full
29、y,completely,totally,utterly,thoroughly,wholly10)powerful:forceful,impressive,influential,compelling,leading7.Completethefollowingstatementswithphrasesfromthebox.YoumaychangethephrasesaccordingtotheChinesegiven.1)theevidenceisnowirrefutable:droughtsoccurmore
30、oftenthaninthepreviousyears(orformeryears)(往年此题或将原文的中文改为“去年”。)2)whatiscertainisthatitreflectsthechangeinpeoplesideas3)Manypeoplerecognizetheneedtofindtheleadingcauseofglobalwarming4)theoverwhelmingconsensusisthattheprospectslookbleakindeed5)Thereisa
31、bsolutelynoquestionthat;theworldseconomyisalsoatrisk6)Theirdisputeliesinwhetherornottheyshouldlimitthefutureincreaseincosttowithin5%7)Duetomanyfactorsthatarisefromtheglobaleconomysinterdependenceon;theworldseconomyisstillatrisk8)theregionhasbeen
32、experiencingsmog/haze;takeurgentactiontoreduceairpollution9)pushedforapolicyrequiringdevelopedcountriesto“takethelead”inreducingtheiremissions;theultimateobjectiveisto10)tomeetourdevelopmentneeds,butwearenowbeginningtopayaheavypriceUnit2UrbanizationKeys
33、totheExercisesReading1.SkimReading1andanswerthequestionsbelow.1)WhydoesthewriterusetheexamplesofChicago,TokyoandMumbaiinparagraphoneToillustrateurbanization.2)WhatdoesparagraphtwotellusTherearedifferentunderstandingsordefinitionsofurbanization.3)What
34、twofactorsinfluenceurbanizationTheproportionoftotalpopulationandtheproportionofareaincitiesortowns.4)WhatsdifferencesbetweenvillagecultureandurbancultureTheirbloodlines,relationshipsandbehavior.5)WhatsthemainideaofthearticleGivethedefinitionoftheterm
35、ofurbanization.2.Matchthewordswiththeirdefinitionsaccordingtothecontext.1)c2)d3)e4)f5)g6)a7)b8)j9)h10)k11)l12)i4.SkimReading2forthequestionsbelow.1)Whatdoes“thisgrowth”inparagraphonerefertoUrbanization.2)WhydoesthewriterespeciallymentionAsiaandAfr
36、icaBecauseinAsiaandAfricatheurbanpopulationwilldoublebetween2000and2030.3)WhichthreethingsmakethecityaterriblepicturePoverty,slumgrowthandurbancrime.4)WhatroledoesurbanizationplayineconomicdevelopmentItgreatlypromoteseconomicdevelopment.5)Whatdoesth
37、ewriterthinkofthedisadvantagesofurbanizationThepotentialbenefitsofurbanizationfaroutweighthedisadvantages.IntegrateinformationinReading1andReading2andfillinthefollowingtable.TimePlacesStatisticsofurbanizationSourcesSourcesBytheendof2008InurbanareasInurban
38、areas50%oftheworldspopulationReading1By2025Inthedevelopingworld;inthedevelopedworld64.1%85.9%Reading1In2008Inurbanareas3.3billionpeopleReading2Reading2By2030Inurbanareas;thetownsandcitiesofthedevelopingworld5billion;81%Reading26.Matchthewordsandphras
39、eswiththeirdefinitionsaccordingtoReading2.1)c2)b3)h4)d5)f6)g7)e8)i9)j10)a11)l12)kScanReading3andintegrateinformationinReading2intothefollowingtable.EffectsSourcesNegativeeffectsconcentrationofpoverty,slumgrowth,crimeandenvironmentalproblemsReading2overcro
40、wding,slums,poverty,poorsanitation,unemployment,highcrimerates;higherpricesandgeneralenvironmentalsustainabilityproblems,relyontheruralareasforagriculturalproduction;sufferpsychologicalproblems;thetrafficproblemsandgeneralanxietyaboutthefutureReading3Positiveeff
41、ectshopeofescapingpoverty,economicgrowth;solutionstoenvironmentalproblemsReading2offersrealeconomicopportunities,commercialopportunities,morejobs,socialandculturalintegrationReading39.MatchthewordsandphraseswiththedefinitionsaccordingtoReading3.1)c2)d3)b4)f5)
42、g6)a7)e8)h9)l10)k11)i12)j12.SkimReading4todecidewhichstatementisthemainideaofeachparagraph.1)a2)c3)b13.MatchthewordsandphraseswiththedefinitionsaccordingtoReading4.1)d2)f3)a4)g5)b6)c7)e8)l9)j10)h11)i12)kReadthefollowingarticleanddecidewheth
43、erthestatementsbelowareinferred(I)orexplicitlyexpressed(E)orsimplyunsaid(U).1)I(Para.1)2)I(Para.1)3)I(Para.1)4)I(Para.2)5)E(Para.2)6)I(Para.2)7)E(Para.3)8)E(Para.3)Listening2.ListentoPart1ofListening1andcirclethecorrectanswer.1)A2)B3)A3.Listento
44、Part2ofListening1andcirclethecorrectanswer.1)B2)A3)B4.ListentoPart3ofListening1andcheckthestatementsbelowanddecidewhethertheyaretrueorfalse.1)T2)T3)F4)T5.ListentoPart4ofListening1andcompletethefollowingparagraph.project,various,reforms,avarie
45、tyofproblems,advance8.ListentoPart1ofListening2andchoosethebestanswer.1)A2)B3)B4)A9.ListentoPart2ofListening2andanswerthequestionsbelow.1)Weshouldbeawareoftheimportanceoftheenvironmentandprotectourearthindailylifewithactionssuchassavingwater
46、resources,notthrowingrubbishabout,notmakingnoise.2)Thegovernmentshouldcheckoutcarandbusexhaustfumesandfinecompaniesfounddisposingofwastebyillegalmeans.3)Thegovernmentshouldencouragecompaniestousenewandcleanerfuelswhicharelessharmfultotheenvironment.4)
47、Encouragepeopletousepublictransport,tobuynewbusesandtousenewtechnologiestoimprovetheefficiencyofthetransportationsystem.10.ListentoPart3ofListening2andcompletethefollowingparagraph.takeadvantageofpromptlevelharvestensurereasonablelimitedandpreciousWriti
48、ng2.Paraphraseeachofthesentencesbelowbyusingasmanysynonymsaspossible.1)Urbanizationisthesignoftheincreasingnumberofpeopleinurbanareas.Urbanizationrepresentstherateatwhichtheurbanproportionisincreasing.2)ManyChineseemergingnewcitiesaretheresultofthel
49、argemovementofpeoplewhofloodintocitiesinrecentyears.ManyChineseemergingnewcitiesareattributedtothelargescaleofurbanmigrationinrecentyears.3)Themaincharacterofurbancultureisthateveryonewantstobebetterthanothers.Urbancultureischaracterizedbythefacttha
50、teveryonewantstostandout.4)Manystudiesshowthattheurbanexpansionmayenjoymoreadvantagesthanitsdisadvantages.Manystudiessuggestthatthebenefitsofurbanexpansionoutweighthedisadvantages.5)Ruralfarmersareattractedtothecitiesbecauseoftheshortageofmedicalandedu
51、cationresourcesinruralareas.Thelackofmedicalandeducationresourcesinruralareasalsodrivesruralfarmerstothecities.6)Companiescanmakemoremoneybybuildingtheirfactoriesinruralareaswherethereisplentyofcheaplabor.Itwillmakethecompaniesmoreprofitabletolocate
52、theirfactoriesinruralareaswherethereisplentyofcheaplabor.7)Theydontprovidethemwithservicesinordertopreventthemfrommovingtothecities.Theydiscouragerural-urbanmigrationbydenyingthemnecessaryservices.8)Itisimportanttomakejointinternationaleffortinurbaniza
53、tion.Aconcertedinternationaleffortiscrucialtourbanization.3.Paraphraseeachofthesentencesbelowaccordingtothemodels.1)Wheneverwepickupanewspaperweneverfailtofindsomeadvertisementsforruralwork.Nonewspapershaveeverbeenreadwithoutfindingsomeadvertisementsfor
54、ruralwork.2)Advancesinsocialdevelopmentrelyontheefforttomakeeducationuniversallyavailable.Noadvancesinsocialdevelopmenthaveeverbeenmadewithouttheefforttomakeeducationuniversallyavailable.3)Tofullyrespecttherightsoftheruralmigrantsisthefirststeptosucce
55、ssinurbanization.Nosuccessinurbanizationhaseverbeenachievedwithoutfullyrespectingtherightsoftheruralmigrants.4)Urbanizationmustofferrealjobopportunitiestoruralmigrants,otherwisetherewillbenohopeforeconomicimprovement.Therewillbenohopeforeconomicimproveme
56、ntifurbanizationdoesnotofferrealjobopportunitiestoruralmigrants.5)Almostallurbanizationwillencountersuchproblemsaspoverty,poorsanitation,unemploymentandhighcrimerates.Thereisnourbanizationwhichdoesnotexperiencesuchproblemsaspoverty,poorsanitation,unemploymen
57、tandhighcrimerates.4.Readtheparagraphstakenfromthisunitandsummarizeeachofthemusingonesentenceonly.1)Bettereconomicopportunitiesattractworkerstourbanareas.2)Urbanizationisunavoidable,butpeoplealsohavebenefitsfromit.3)Urbanizationisaninevitabletrend.5.R
58、eadthefollowingtopicsentences.Thendecidewhichpartistopic(useTtoindicate)andwhichpartiscontrollingidea(useCtoindicate);andaddacontrollingideaifitisabsent.1)TC2)TC3)TC4)CT5)TC6)TC7)becomeself-reliant/learnfromfailure/liveindependently8)givingtheirchil
59、drenaneducation/developingtheirchildrenscuriosity9)discouragepeoplefromsmoking/enhancepeoplesawarenessofglobalwarming10)Manydifferentkindsofpart-timejobIntegratedExercises2.Fillinthefollowingblankswiththewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformswherenecessary.1)intim
60、ate2)eliminate3)futile4)commercial5)unprecedented6)adverse7)stretched8)fabric9)intensify10)characterized11)boundaries12)minimumGuessthemeaningsofthefollowingwordsandthenaddmorewordsusingthesameprefixorsuffix.1)untouchableunbelievableunreasonableuncomfortable