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1、.自然拼读的字母组合和常见规那么详解附精巧图片和练习1.辅音字母1：2.辅音字母2:3.元音字母发短音1:a,e,i4.元音字母发短语2:o,u5.元音字母发长音1-a辅e,e辅e6.元音字母发长音2-i辅e,7.元音字母发长音3-o辅e8.元音字母发长音4-u辅e9.元音字母发长音5两元相遇110.元音字母发长音6两元相遇211.元音字母发长音7单元结尾112.辅音字母c13.辅音字母g14.辅音字母y15.辅音组合L系列16.辅音组合R系列17.辅音字母S系列18.辅音字母H系列19.辅音字母G系列20.辅音字母哑音系列c字母c后
2、面接a，o，u的时候，c的发音与字母k发音一样，叫做“hardcsoundcat,cap,call,coat,cup当字母c后面接e，i，或y的时候，通常c的发音与字母s发音一样，叫做“softcsoundcity,ice,rice,face,cell,cent,voice,pencil,juice有时在e或i前面，c会发/sh/音ocean,racial,socialg字母g后面接a，o，u的时候，所发的音叫做“hardgsoundgirl,gas,get,give,go当字母g后面接e，i，或y的时候，有时g的发音与字母j的发音一样，
3、叫做“软g音age,change,ginger,Egypt,gentle,giraffe,badge特例：forget,give,girl中的g发hardsoundyy在单词起始位置时发音为辅音yes,you,yard,year,yelly在单词或音节中间或结尾时被当做元音y在结尾，单词只有一个音节时y发长/i/音，y在结尾，单词有两个或以上音节时y发长/e/音y在单词或音节中间时，发短/i/音小测试：my,cry,fly,sky辅音字母组合辅音字母组合的发音很简单，就是把每个辅音字母的发音连在一起就可以了。之所以要把它们单独列出来，一个重要的原因就是，每
4、个辅音字母组合是作为一个整体来对待的，在划分音节的时候是不能把这些辅音字母组合分开的。音节的划分对于一个单词的读音至关重要，我们所学的自然拼音法发音规律，其实都是针对单个音节的，对于多音节的单词来说，要先把单词划分为一个一个的音节，然后再对每个音节应用自然拼音法发音规律。音节的划分规律在后面我们会讲述，目前只需要熟记这些字母组合，以备后用。带有l的字母组合blblack,blame,bless,blue,blastcl-clock,class,clap,clue,closefl-flag,fly,flat,flash,flowergl-glass,glad,
5、glide,glue,globepl-plate,plane,place,plus,plansl-sled,sleep,slow,slide,slim带有r的字母组合br-bridge,break,brave,brown,breadcr-crab,crack,crop,crown,creekdr-dress,drag,drink,drive,dropfr-frog,fresh,free,from,frontgr-grape,grade,grass,grin,gruntpr-press,pride,price,pr
6、int,prooftr-truck,track,true,train,tree带有s的字母组合sc-scale,scar,score,scare,scuffsk-skate,skip,skill,skull,skinsm-smoke,smile,smog,smell,smearsn-snake,snap,snore,snow,snugsp-spoon,spin,spot,spell,sportst-stop,stack,stay,step,stillsw-swim,swell,swing,sweet,swiftt
7、w-twig,tweet,twist,twin,twine三字母组合shr-shrink,shred,shrill,shrimp,shrubspl-splash,split,splice,splint,splurgespr-spread,spring,spree,sprain,spraysqu-square,squad,squirrel,squat,squeakstr-string,strip,straw,stream,streetthr-throw,three,throne,thrift,thrill在结尾的字母组合ck只
8、发一个/k/音-duck,pack,quick,luck,rockld-cold,gold,held,mild,baldlk-milk,silk,elk,sulk,skulkmp-lamp,damp,champ,hump,dumpnch-inch,ranch,lunch,bench,crunchnd-hand,kind,bend,stand,mindng这个音比较特别，是舌头抵住上颚前方所发出的鼻音-ring,long,sing,wing,lungnk-sink,bank,trunk,pink,inknt-ten
10、说法是，一般来说wh与/w/发音一样，但在o前面发/h/音，比方when，what，whale，who，whole。th的发音那么需要一些记忆力了，在下面这些常用词里，th发浊音舌尖在上下牙齿中间，声带需要振动，声音从牙齿和舌头之间的缝隙里出来：they,them-,their,theirs,the,this,that,these,those,then-,than,though,thus,there-注意，假如一个单词后面带有小横线，就是指以这个单词开场的所有单词，比方them-包括there，therefore，thereafter等。其它以th开场的单词根本上都
11、发清音舌尖在上下牙齿中间，声音从牙齿和舌头之间的缝隙里出来，但是声带不振动，比方think，thank，thirty等。不发音的辅音字母SilentConsonants在有些辅音字母组合中，其中一个字母是不发音的，该组合所发的音与发音的那个辅音字母所发音一样。下面列出了这些组合：ghhghost,ghetto,ghastlygnggnat,gnarl,gnaw,gnome,signknkknife,knit,know,knock,kneembbcomb,lamb,thumb,dumb,climbpnppneumoniapsppsalm,p
12、sychic,psychologyrhhrhinoceros,rhyme,rhythmsccscissors,scent,scene,scenery,scenariowrwwrong,wrist,wrap,wretch,wrenchghghlight,high,eight,sigh,night字母组合的读音也是有规律可循的。如;ea,ee字母组合的发i:音：tea,clean,team,eat,east,speak,please,each,easy,read,sea,teacher，need,cheese,wheel,
13、feel,agree,green,week,thirteen,fourteen,three,deep,peep,weep,sleep,jeep,see,feet,street,teeth,meet,week部分ea字母组合发e：bread,heavy,breakfast,weather,head,headache,ready,deaf,oa,字母组合的发u音：road,boat,coat,ir字母组合的发音：girl,bird,thirsty,third,first,birthday,circle,sir,shirt,sk
14、irt,dirty,skirt,ar,组合字母发a:a再s,ss前也发a:：hard,card,park,art,car,are,dark,arm,farmer,market,party,large,star,argue，farclass,vase,glass,pass,last,past,task,mast,vast,cast,fast等ow字母组合有时发u音：window,yellow,show,slow,sow,tow,bow,mow,等。ou,ow字母组合有时发au音mouth,about,house,hou
15、sework,south,how,now,town,等。oo字母组合有时发发u音：hood,头巾wool,羊毛look,good,foot,room,football,took,cookwood,book,goodbye,oo字母组合有时发u:food,moon,tool,toon,红椿noon,pool,zoo,too,school,cool,toothear字母组合有时发i音：tear，dear，fear，gear，hear，near，shear，rear，searear字母组合有时和air一样发：bear,tear,
16、wear,pear,oy字母组合发i音:boy,toy,hoy赶家畜的呼叫声,coy腼腆的,foy辞别宴会,goy,异教徒soy酱油；黄豆ay字母组合发ei音:stay,say,day,gay快乐的,hay干草,lay设置4.双/三辅音在一起时的联读ConsonantBlendslBeginningconsonantblendsbl,br,cl,cr,dr,fl,fr,gl,fr,pl,pr,sc,sk,sl,sm,sn,sp,st,sw,tr,tw,scr,spl,strlEndingconso
17、nantblendsft,lf,lm,lp,lt,mp,nd,nk,nt,pt,sk,stlWordsendinginll,ss,fflConsonantdigraphsch,tch,sh,th,wh,shr,squ,thr5.特殊读法1-固定读音的单词SightWord:the,a,is,to,have,are,hey,love等.6.特殊读法2带元音的特殊读法IrregularVowelsairhair,al,allall,tall,mall,hall,alktalk,walk,a
18、lthalt,salt,arcar,far,arehare,au,aughcaught,awhawknewnew,eigheight,weight,edstopped,addedersister,brother,irgirl,fir,firm,urburn,hurt,orhorn,iefield,ing,indbehind,ildmild,wild,ighhigh,night,might,ireoioil,boil,oldold,cold,olt,oobook,ootool,scho
19、ol,oror,horn,ostmost,host,oucould,oughcough,through,ought,slough,plough,ouldwould,could,oyboy,ought,,ousfamous,ow读音一：cow,now,how,bow；读音二：bow,snow,uecruel,uifluidntionattention,sionexpression,endingsounds:ang,ong,ung,edge,le7.特殊读法3辅音的特殊读法有一些辅音不发音silentc
20、onsonants如：ghost,comb,lamb,write等"q"总是和"u"在一起：quite,quick,quit,quilt等.之所以指出这一点,是在这里u不能再被认为是元音,而是和q一起组成一个辅音组合.于是,在quite这个单词里只有两个元音,是双元音单词,第一个元音i发字母音,第二个元音e不发音.n复数s及末尾s的读音Pluralsandthesoundsofendingsnc和g的两种读音:如果i或y或者e跟在c或者g的后边,c发s的音,g发j的音:center,cigar,
21、gem,giant,gym，其他情况下c,g发其字母音:can,clap,cup,great,glad.8.多音节单词和复合词Wordswithmultiplesyllablesandcompoundwordsn多音节单词:believe,multiple,syllable,compoundn复合词:homework,highwayxx在单词中间或结尾时发/ks/音box,next,mix,six,foxx在单词中间时有时发/gz/音exit,exam,exactx在单词起始位置时发/z/音xylophone,xerox自然拼
22、音拼读练习表第一天：aeioua_ee_ei_eo_eu_eAa:matmapbagcathatfanbatappleEe:eggwellredpennethenbedbellIi:licksixbibpigpinkissinkhillOo:oxonoctopusboxsockoperateostrichUu:sunumbrellacupbusnutgununcleundercapenametapelakegamemaketakehatetheseJapaneseChinesebit
23、efiveninekitemineniceridesiderosenoseropenoteposehomerodethosetubecubeJunecutehuge第二天:aiayeeeaeyieighoaowuiueai:tailrainpaintpainjailrailnailmaiday:bayraywaysayhaypayMaylayee:reedseelbeepeeljeepfeetseeteethea:seameatpeanuteaglepeachtealeaf
24、peaey:donkeymonkeyjockeyturkeymonkeyhockeykeytrolleyie:tiepieliedieigh:rightsightnighttighthightfighthighsighoa:roadtoasttoadcoalgoatboatcoatsoapow:rainbowpillowyellowwindowbowlrowhollowlowui:suitjuicefruitue:Suebluegluetrue第三天:arerirurorar:armcararmch
25、aircardcartfarmparkgardener:sisterbrotherunderroosterwintermermaidmarkermotherir:birthdaycircusdirtybirdcircledirtgirlur:turtlesurfingturkeyfurhurtpursenurseor:porchporkhorsehornfortmorningcornfork第四天:ouowoioyauawooooeaou:houseoutmouthcountfountainmountai
26、nshoutmouseow:cowtowelclownowlcrownbrownflowertoweroi:coinoilpointnoiseboilsoilpoisoncoiloy:oysterboycowboysoytoyau:augustsausesausagenaughtyautumnapplauseaw:pawdrawsawstrawstrawberrylawnoo:moonzooroofroosterbootsfoodspoonroomcoolfoolboomfoolishoo:bookcook
27、goodfootlookhookea:headsweatersweatpearleadbearleatherfeather第五天:chshwhphththknwrmbch:beachlunchcheesebenchchurchchickenchaircherrysh:sheepshirtshipfishdishpushshoesshovelwh:whalewhitewheelwheatwhipwhistlewheelchairwhisperph:photoelephanttelephonetrophyph
28、armacyalphabetth:brotherfeatherleatherfathermotherth:thumbthreebathmatthirstythiefbathmouthteethkn:knobkneeknifeknockknitwr:wristwrinklewrapwreathwritemb:thumblambbombcombcrumbnumb第六天:blflplclglbrcrgrprfrtrdrbl:blueblackblousebloombleachblanketblondehairfl
29、:flatfluflyflameflutefloorflagflowerpl:planeplayplusplanetplatformplumplateplantcl:clockcloudcleanclayclimbcloseclapclowngl:gloveglobeglassglueglassesgliderbr:brightbrookbrimbridebrownbreadbrickbrothercr:crowncrabcreamcrowcrayoncrocodilecrycroissantgr:graygr
30、eengrassgrapesgroundgrowgrandmapr:prixepriceprawnpressprinceprincessprayfr:frogfrostFridayFrenchfriesfruitfrontfriendframetr:tractortrucktraintraytreetriangletrunktrolleydr:dreamdrumdrydropdrawdrivedressdrink第七天:smsnslswspstscskallewysm:smilesmallsmellsm
31、okesmoothsn:snowmansnowsnoresnakesnailsneakerssneakerssnacksl:slowslapsleepslideslopesledsw:switchswallowswanswimsweetswingsweatersweatsp:spiderspaceshipspinachspoonspellst:stockingsstorestarstampstormstickstudentstandsc:scarfscooterscannerscarecrowscalescorpion
32、scoopsk:skunkskisskirtskatesall:calltallfallballwallew:dewfewviewhewnewnephewnewspaperYy:skyflydryspytypeshycrymyYy:Minysunnypuppydizzydirtyponyhappybaby自然拼音强化练习：Tonguetwister1.Abigblackbearsatonabigblackbug.2.Abigblackbugbitabigblackdogonhisbigblacknose!3.Cat,Cat,catchthatfatrat.4.Afatcatcatchesamadrat.5.Bluegluegun,greengluegun.6.Blackbackground,brownbackground.7.Anoisynoiseannoysanoyster.8.Agoodcookcancookgoodcookies.9.AtnoonIto