1.bedoing/beabouttodo。beonthepointofdoing/haddone…,when…(when：这时,强调一个动作的突然发生)
1).Iwaswalkingalongtheriver,whenIheardadrowningboycryforhelp.
2).Iwasabouttoleavewhenitbegantorain.
3).Ihadjustfinishedmytestpaperwhenthebellrang,announcingtheexamwasover.
1).Itwasnotlongbeforehesensedthedangeroftheposition.不久他就意识到他处境危险（动作已发生）
2).Itwillbehalfayearbeforeyougraduatefromtheschool.还有半年你才从这个学校毕
业（动作未发生）
3).Itis3yearssinceheworkedhere.=helefthere.（since从句中的谓语动词若是延续性动词，要从这个动作结束的时候算起）
4).Itwas3o’clockwhentheyreceivedthetelephone.
5)Itwasat3o’clockthattheyreceivedthetelephone.
3.no比较级than:A与B都不………/仅仅，只有
not比较级than:A不如B/不超过，至多
more………than………与其….倒不如……(=notas/so……..as……)
morethan=notonly不仅仅……..
1).HeworksnoharderthanI.他和我都不用功
2).Hedoesn’tworkharderthanI.他不如我用功
3).Therearenomorethansevenpeopleintheroom.屋里仅有七个人
4).Therearenotmorethansevenpeopleintheroom.屋里至多有七个人
5).Heismorediligentthanclever.与其说他聪明，倒不如说他勤奋
Heisnotas/socleverasdiligent.
6)Itismorelikeameetingthanlikeaparty.-->Itisnotasapartyasameeting
7).Mr.Zhangismorethanmyteacher,heisalsomybestfriend.张先生不仅仅是我的老师，他还是我的朋友
1)Onceyouunderstandwhattheteacherexplained,youwillhavenodifficultydoingthework.
2).Onceyouhavedecidedtodosomething,youshouldfinishitanddoitwell.
5.The+比较级…….，the+比较级……..越……,越……
1)Themorebooksyouread,themoreknowledgeyouwillget.
2)Thebusierheis,thehappierhefeels.
6.whether….or….无论是….还是….
1).Whethertheweatherisgoodorbad,theywillsetoffastheyplanned.
2).Anyperson,whetheryoungorold,hashisownworth.
7.祈使句+or/otherwise+结果句或祈使句+and+结果句
1).Stopdoingsuchfoolishthing,oryouwillbepunishedintime.
2).Moreeffort,andtheproblemwouldhavebeensettled.
3).Thinkitover,andyouwillfindtheanswer.
8.so/such……..that…….引导结果状语从句时须注意
当名词前many,much,little,few有修饰时,用so不用such因为此时的中心词不再是名词，而是many,much,little,few这些表示数量的词。
1).Thewesternerseatsomuchfatandsugarthattheyputonweighteasily.
2).Therearesofewfishinthelakethatwecouldn’tfishthemeasily.
当名词是单数可数名词，前面又由adj.修饰时，注意冠词的位置，即so+adj+a(n)+n
或such+a(n)+adj.+n
1).Heissuchanhonestperson/sohonestapersonthatyoucandependonhimwhenyouare
introuble.
当so/such引导的部分位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装结构
1).Suchgreatprogresshashemadeinhisstudiesthatwealladmirehim.
当主从句主语一致时可与动词不定式相互转换,即变成so/such…….astodo结构。
1).Thewesternerseatsomuchfatandsugarastoputonweighteasily.
9.sothat引导目的状语从句与结果状语从句
sothat引导目的状语从句时常与情态动词连用（=inorderthat），当主从句主语一致
时可转换为soastodo/inordertodo.
1).Heturneduptheradioalittlesothathecouldhearthenewsclearly.
Heturneduptheradioalittlesoastohearthenewsclearly.
2).Heclosedallthewindowswhiledrivingsothatheshouldn’tcatchcold.(否定句中情态动
词用shouldn’t)
sothat引导结果状语从句一般不与情态动词连用
1).Heturneduptheradioalittlesothatheheardthenewsclearly.
10.Howdidsbcometodo…..=Howcomethat….为什么会…../……是怎么回事？表示
要求对所发生的事情说明理由或做出解释
1).Howdidyoucometofindoutwhereshe’sliving=Howcomethatyoufoundout….你是怎么打听到她住在哪儿的
2).Howcomethatyousatthere,doingnothing为什么坐在那儿什么也不干
3).Howdidhecometobesofoolish
示“每当…..,每次…..,下次…..”
1).Everytimeyoumeetwithnewwordswhilereading,don’talwaysrefertoyourdictionary.Whenyoumeetwithnewwordseverytime…..
2)Nexttimeyoucome,doremembertobringyoursonhere.
3)Youarewelcometocomebackanytimeyouwantto.
12Thereis(no)needtodo…../for….-Itis(not)necessaryforsb.todo….
Thereis(no)hope/chance/possibilityofdoing….
Thereis(no)difficulty/trouble/point/delay(in)doing
1).Isthereanychanceofus/ourwinningthematch
2).Thereisnopointindiscussingtheproblemagain.
Therebe句型：
therebe之后如有几个并列主语，be动词的选择要取决于第一个主语，即就近原则。
1).Thereisapenandtwobooksonthedesk.-->Therearetwobooksandapenonthedesk.Therebe句型中，be动词还有其他变化形式，常见的有：Thereseemtobe,
Therehappentobe,Thereusedtobe,Thereislikelytobe,Therehavebeen/hasbeen等
1).Thereseems/appearstobemuchhopeofourteamwinningthematch.
2).TherehappenedtobenobodyintheroomwhenIcamein.
3).Therehavebeengreatchangesinmyhometownsince1978.
4).Thereusedtobeabusstationatthecornerofthestreet.
5).Therearelikelytobemoredifficultiesthanexpectedwhilewearecarryingouttheplan.
13.it强调句：
基本构成形式：Itis/was+被强调部分+who/that+原句剩余部分
e.g.:Imethiminthestreetyesterdayafternoon.
ItwasIwho/thatmethiminthestreetyesterdayafternoon.(强调是我，不是别人)Itwashimwho/thatImetinthestreetyesterdayafternoon.(强调我遇见的是他，不
是别人)
ItwasinthestreetthatImethimyesterdayafternoon.(强调是在大街上，不是在别
的地方，强调的是地点，但不用where)
ItwasyesterdayafternoonthatImethiminthestreet(强调是昨天下午，不是在别
强调句的一般疑问句：Is/Wasit+被强调部分+who/that+原句剩余部分
强调句的特殊疑问句：What/When/Where/Who/How……is/wasit+who/that+原
句剩余部分
1).Whowasitthat/whoyoumetinthestreetyesterdayafternoon
Tellmewhoitwasthat/whoyoumetinthestreetyesterdayafternoon
14.do,did,does用于强调谓语动词，加强语气
1).Heisagoodstudent.-->Hedoesbeagoodstudent
2).Hehelpedusyesterday.Hedidhelpusyesterday.
3).Becareful!Dobecareful!
15.not/never…….until直到…..才
1).Thevillagersdidn’trealizehowseriousthepollutionwasuntilallthefishdiedintheriver.Itwasnotuntilallthefishdiedintheriverthatthevillagersrealizedhowseriousthe
pollutionwas.(强调句)
Notuntilallthefishdiedintheriverdidthevillagersrealizehowseriousthepollution
was.（倒装句）
16．notonly…..but(also)…..
引导并列结构：主语时，谓语动词与邻近的一个主语保持一致。
1).Notonlytheteacherbutalsothestudentshavetheireyesexaminedregularly.
Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherhashiseyesexaminedregularly.
2).Theysuggestedweshouldnotonlyattendtheparty,butgiveaperformance.
Theysuggestedweshouldgiveaperformanceaswellasattendtheparty
notonly…..but(also)…..引导并列句时，notonly引导的部分置于句首时要部分倒装
1).Notonlywaseverythinghehadtakenaway,butalsohisGermancitizenshipwastaken
away.
2).Notonlyshouldwestudentsstudyhard,butalsoweshouldknowhowtoenjoyourselves
inoursparetime.
16.prefertodoAratherthandoB…（两者相比）愿意干A而不愿意干B
==wouldratherdoAthandoB
1).Iprefertostayathomeratherthangototheparkinsuchweather.
2).Ratherthanrideonacrowdedbus,healwaysprefertorideabicycle.
18.wouldrather+从句（从句要用虚拟语气，即从句中谓语动词用一般过去式，表示现
在或将来的愿望；从句中谓语动词用过去完成时，表示对过去的愿望）
1).I’dratheryoupostedtheletterrightnow.我想让你现在就把信寄出去。
2).---Afriendofyourswillcometoseeyoutoday.你的一位朋友今天要来看你。---I’dratherhecameheretomorrow.我倒情愿他明天来。
3).I’dratheryouwerenotacelebratedactor.Inthatcase,wecouldspendmoretime
4).I’dratherIhadn’tseenheryesterday.我情愿昨天没见到她。
不能用wouldrathersb.do（更愿让某人干某事）的形式，可转化为wouldratherhavesbdo或转化为wouldrather+从句
**1).Whowouldyourather_____withtheteacherabouttheproblem
A.talkingB.talkC.havetalkedD.havetalk答案：D
19.so,neither/nor引导得倒装句
表示“另一者也如如此”及前者的情况也适用于后者，用so,neither/nor引导得倒
装句，助动词的选择依据前一句的谓语动词。
1).Hehasfinishedhishomework,sohaveI.
2).Mysisterpreferscoffee,sodoI.
3).Johncan’trideabicycle,neither/norcanI.
4).Ifhebuysthebook,sowillhisclassmates.
若前句的谓语动词既有肯定又有否定形式时，或谓语动词不属于一类时，用Itis/wasthesamewithsb.或Soitis/waswithsb.
1).Heisaworkerandheworkshard,soitiswithJohn.
若后一句是对前一句所说的内容表示赞同或认可，则主语和谓语不倒装。
1).---Itiscoldtoday.---Yes.Soitis
2).---HevisitedTokyolastweek.---Yes.Sohedid.
20.倍数表达法：
A+谓语+倍数+the+n.(size/height/length……)+ofBA+谓语+倍数+as+abj.+asBA+谓语+倍数+adj.比较级+thanBA+谓语+adj.比较级+thanB+by+倍数
1).Thissquareistwicethesizeofthatone.
Thissquareistwiceaslargeasthatone.
Thissquareisoncelargerthanthatone.
2).Thisfactoryproducedthreetimesasmanycarsastheydid10yearsago.
3).Heis3yearsolderthanI-HeisolderthanIby3years
21.sb.spendmoney/timeonsth./indoingsth
sb.paymoney(tosb)forsth.
sth.costsb.money/time
Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.
1).ThetimehespendswatchingTVisasmuchashedoesdoinghishomework.
2).Themp3.forwhichhepaidonly￥150provedtobeuseful.
3).Thenaughtyboycosthismothermanysleeplessnights.
22.as/with表示“随……进展”，as后面接句子，with后面接短语
1).Withtheindustrydeveloping,thepollutionisbecomingmoreandmoreserious.
Astheindustrydevelops,thepollutionisbecomingmoreandmoreserious.
23.with的复合结构（作状语或作定语）
with+n.+adj.(with可以省略)
1).(With)thestreetwetandslippery,wehadtorideourbikesslowlyandcarefully.Becausethestreetwerewetandslippery,……….
2).Thestudentswerelisteningtotheteacher,(with)theireyeswideopen.
Thestudentswerelisteningtotheteacher,andtheireyeswerewideopen.with+n.+adv.(with可以省略)
1).Heputonhiscoathurriedly,(with)thewrongsideout
with+n.+prep-phrase(with可以省略)
1).Theoldmanwasseatedinthesofa,(with)apipeinhismouth.(Also:pipeinmouth)with+n.+todo/tobedone（动词不定式的动作还未进行）
with+n.+doing/beingdone（动词不定式的动作正在进行）
with+n.+done（动词不定式的动作已经完成或指n.所处的状态）
1).Withsomanyproblemstosettle,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardyear.
2).Hewaslyinginbed,withhiseyesfixedontheceiling
3).Withthetemplebeingrepaired,wecan’tvisitedit.
2).Smellingnice,thiskindofbreadsellswell.
34.有些动词常用作不及物动词与well或easily连用，表示某物具备的某种特征。常用的词有sell,cut,wash,last,burn等。
1).Hislatestworksellswell
2).Drywoodburnseasily.
35.否定词与比较级连用，表达最高级的含义
1).Ihaveneverseenabetterfilm.
2).Ican’tagreeyoumore.我非常同意
36．It的句型
1.不定式作主语，it作形式主语：
It+系动词+adj./n..+forsb.todo(forsb.表示动词不定式动作的执行者)
It+系动词+adj.+ofsb.todo（ofsb.既表示动词不定式动作的执行者有表示人所具
备的性质或特征）
1).It’simportantforustohaveagoodknowledgeofEnglish.
2).Howrudeofhimtotreatachildlikethat!
3).It’sthoughtfulofhimtofixusupforthenight.
2.不定式作宾语，it作形式宾语：
主语+think/consider/believe/make/feel+it+adj./n.+forsb./ofsb.+todo
1).Ifeelitfoolishofhimtobelievesuchaman.
2).Thetimelyrainhadmadeitpossibleforthecropstogrowwell.
3.Itissaid/thought/hoped/believed…..that……
Sb.issaid/thought/hoped/believedtodo…..
1).Itissaidthatheisstudyingabroad.-->Heissaidtobestudyingabroad.
2).ItisconsideredthatmanycountrieshighlyvalueChina’sroleinhelpingworld’speace.ManycountriesisconsideredtohighlyvalueChina’sroleinhelpingworld’speace.
4.whenitcomesto…..当谈到或涉及到……
1).Heisamanoffewwords,butwhenitcomestoplayingcomputer,hewillbeexcitedand
fullofenergy.
2).Whenitcomestohelpinghiswifewiththehousework,Johnnevercomplains.
5.Itisuptosb.todosth.应由某人来做某事……..
1)---Whenshallwestartout---It’suptoyoutodecide.
2).It’suptoyoutobabysitmysowhileIamawayonbusiness.
.beuptosth.忙于…..,从事…….,胜任…..
1).Johnisn’treallyuptothatjob.约翰不适合干那项工作
2).Whathaveyoubeenuptorecently最近你一直在忙些什么
6.Itistimetodo/Itistimethat+主语+动词的一般过去式该是做…..的时候了Itistimethatweendedthediscussion.
36.虚拟语气中的重点句型
If+were/did(动词过去式)，主语+情态动词（would,could,might,should）+do（用
来表示对现在情况的假设）
1).Idon’thaveacellphone.IfIhadone,itwouldbeconvenientformetocontractothers.If+haddone(过去完成式)，主语+情态动词（would,could,might,should）+have
done（用来表示对过去情况的假设）
1).IfIhadgonetotheconcert,Iwouldhaveseenthefamoussinger.
If+were/did(动词过去式)，主语+情态动词（would,could,might,should）+doweretodo
shoulddo（用来表示对将来情况的假设）
1).IfIwerenottotake/shouldtake/tooktheexamtomorrow,Iwouldgoshoppingwithyou.虚拟语气条件句的倒装：在虚拟语气条件句中，如果出现助动词were,should,had，可省略if,把这些词提到主语前面，变成倒装句。
1).Shouldheactlikethatagain,hewouldbefined.Ifheshouldactlikethatagain,……Werehetoactlikethatagain,hewouldbefined.Ifheweretoactlikethatagain,……***Ifheactedlikethatagain,……（不可以倒装）
2).Hadthedoctorcomeintimelastnight,theboywouldhavebeensaved.
Ifthedoctorhadcomeintimelastnight,………..
3).IfIhadtimenow,Iwouldgotothefilmwithyou.（不可以倒装,因为句中的had不是助
动词）
Butfor….-->Ifitwerenotfor…../Ifithadn’tbeenfor
1).Butforthedeterminedcaptain,allthepassengersonboardwouldn’thavebeensaved.Ifithadn’tbeenforthedeterminedcaptain,allthepassengersonboard……
2).Butforyourrichparents,youwouldn’tlivesuchaeasylife.
Ifitwerenotforyourrichparents,youwouldn’tlivesuchaeasylife.
再suggest,insist,demand,require,request,order,advise,propose等表示建议、要求、
命令、主张的动词引导的名词性从句中，从句的谓语动词要用(should)do的形式
1).MotherinsistedthatJohn(should)gotobedbefore9o’olock.
对比：HeinsistedthatIhadtakenawayhisdictionary.（不是建议、要求、命令或主张）
2).HissuggestionthatTony(should)beinvitedtothepartywasrefused.（同位语从句）
对比：Hiswordssuggestedthathewasveryangrywithme.（不是建议、要求、命令或主张）
37.asif/asthough…..（表示与事实相反，用虚拟；若表示即将成为事实或有可能成为事
实，则用陈述语气）
1).Hewasingreattrouble,butheactedasifnothinghadhappened.
2).Althoughtheyjustmetforthefirsttime,theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsformany
years
3).Thecloudsaregathering.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.
38.n./adj./adv./v.+as/though+主语+谓语，……尽管……,…….引导让步状语从句
1).Childasheis,IalreadyknowwhatcareerIwanttofollow.
2).Tryashemight,hecouldn’tsolvetheproblem.
3).MuchasIrespecthim,Ican’tagreewithhisidea.
39.ratherthan
1).Itisbettertoaskforhelpatthebeginningratherthantowaituntilabusyperiodwheneveryoneisrushedofftheirfeet.
2).Itisthebosswhoistoblameratherthantheworkers.
40.疑问词+ever=nomatter+疑问词,引导让步状语从句或名词性从句
1).Whichever(=Nomatterwhich)youlike,youcantakeitaway.(让步状语从句)Youcantakeawaywhichever(=anyonethat)youlike(名词性从句)
2).Wheneveryoucomes,youwillbewelcome.(让步状语从句)
3).Whateverhappens,Iwillsupportyou.(让步状语从句)
4).Whoeverbreaksthelaw,hewillcertainlybepunished.(让步状语从句)
Whoeverbreaksthelawwillcertainlybepunished.(名词性从句)
5).Howevergreatthedifficultyis,wecanovercomeit.(让步状语从句)
41.if/aslongas/solongas/providingthat/providedthat/supposingthat/oncondition
that假如…..
1).Iwilllendyoumoneyonconditionthatyoucanreturnitwithin3months.
42.giventhat/consideringthat考虑到…..,鉴于……
1).Givenherinterestinchildren/Giventhatsheisinterestedinchildren,I’msureteachingis
therightcareerforher.
2).Consideringhisageandhisexperience,hehasdonewell.
43.incasethat/incaseof…..万一…..,以防…..
1).Incaseoffire,pleasedial119atonce.
2).IncasethatJohncomes/Johnshouldcome,tellhimtowait.
44.cannever/can’t与too,toomuch,enough,over-搭配表示“无论怎样….都不过分”
1).Whileyouaredoingyourhomework,youcan’tbecarefulenough.
2).Heissuchagreatmanthatwecan’tpraisehimtoomuch.
3).WilliamHartleywashandsome,determinedandhardworking,inaword,Icouldn’tspeak
toohighlyofhim.
4).Thedevelopmentofsocietyhasmadeitnecessaryforustohaveagoodknowledgeof
English,sowecan’toveremphasizetheimportanceoflearningEnglish.
5).Sinceitisagoodthing,wecan’tdoittoosoon.
45.表示过去原打算干，却未曾实现的愿望、打算或意图
hadhopedtodo=hopedtohavedone.。类似的词还有：expect,think,intend,design,plan,mean,suppose等wouldlike/prefer/lovetohavedonewas/weetohavedonewas/weresupposedtohavedone
1).---Didyougotoseethefilm“Titanic”lastnight
---I’dliketohave,butIhadanunexpectedguest.
2).Theplanewastohavetakeoffat7thismorning,butwasheldupbytheheavyfog.
46．.AsfarasI'mconcerned/就我而言,.
AsfarasI'mconcerned,|thinkweshouldpaymoreattentiontothesafetyof