1、Chart1.Averageannualexpendituresoncellphoneandresidenttaiphoneservices,2001-2010SOURCEUSBbrfsuofLaborStatistics,ConsumerExpenditureSurveyThelinegraphcomparesaverageyearlyspendingbyAmericansonmobileandIandlinephoneservicesfrom2001to2010.Itisclearthatspend
2、ingonIandlinephonesfellsteadilyoverthe10-yearperiod,whilemobilephoneexpenditurerosequickly.Theyear2006marksthepointatwhichexpenditureonmobileservicesovertookthatforresidentialphoneservices.In2001,USconsumersspentanaverageofnearly$700onresidentialp
3、honeservices,comparedtoonlyaround$200oncellphoneservices.Overthefollowingfiveyears,averageyearlyspendingonIandlinesdroppedbynearly$200.Bycontrast,expenditureonmobilesrosebyapproximately$300.Intheyear2006,theaverageAmericanpaidoutthesameamountofmo
4、neyonbothtypesofphoneservice,spendingjustover$500oneach.By2010,expenditureonmobilephoneshadreachedaround$750,whilethefigureforspendingonresidentialserviceshadfallentojustoverhalfthisamount.Nymphrnoulth3iimes貯il百hjruThediagramillustratesthevarioussta
5、gesinthelifeofahoneybee.Wecanseethatthecompletelifecyclelastsbetween34and36days.Itisalsonoticeablethattherearefivemainstagesinthedevelopmentofthehoneybee,fromeggtomatureadultinsect.Thelifecycleofthehoneybeebeginswhenthefemaleadultlaysanegg
6、;thefemaletypicallylaysoneortwoeggsevery3days.Between9and10dayslater,eachegghatchesandtheimmatureinsect,ornymph,appears.Duringthethirdstageofthelifecycle,thenymphgrowsinsizeandshedsitsskinthreetimes.Thismoultingfirsttakesplace5daysaftertheegg
8、>tfPv*cpiiiiiqdThechartcomparesaveragefiguresfortemperatureandprecipitationoverthecourseofacalendaryearinKolkata.ItisnoticeablethatmonthlyfiguresforprecipitationinKolkatavaryconsiderably,whereasmonthlytemperaturesremainrelativelystable.Rainfallishighest
9、fromJulytoAugust,whiletemperaturesarehighestinAprilandMay.BetweenthemonthsofJanuaryandMay,averagetemperaturesinKolkatarisefromtheirlowestpointataround20Ctoapeakofjustover30C.Averagerainfallinthecityalsorisesoverthesameperiod,fromapproximately20mm
10、ofraininJanuaryto100mminMay.Whiletemperaturesstayroughlythesameforthenextfourmonths,theamountofrainfallmorethandoublesbetweenMayandJune.Figuresforprecipitationremainabove250mmfromJunetoSeptember,peakingataround330mminJuly.Thefinalthreemonthso
11、ftheyearseeadramaticfallinprecipitation,toalowofabout10mminDecember,andasteadydropintemperaturesbacktotheJanuaryaverage.(173words,band9)PostedbySimoninIELTSThechartsbelowshowthemainreasonsforstudyamongstudentsofdifferentagegroupsandtheamountofsu
12、pporttheyreceivedfromemplo/ersHcimiihfortudyicconlinjitnm肛ofnfudcnl1何F441rinterhmplujrrMtppi>r(Tbyng申iiineoffmidhelpwtlbfees)Thebarchartscomparestudentsofdifferentagesintermsofwhytheyarestudyingandwhethertheyaresupportedbyanemployer.Itiscleartha
13、ttheproportionofstudentswhostudyforcareerpurposesisfarhigheramongtheyoungeragegroups,whiletheoldeststudentsaremorelikelytostudyforinterest.Employersupportismorecommonlygiventoyoungerstudents.Around80%ofstudentsagedunder26studytofurthertheircar
14、eers,whereasonly10%studypurelyoutofinterest.Thegapbetweenthesetwoproportionsnarrowsasstudentsgetolder,andthefiguresforthoseintheirfortiesarethesame,atabout40%.Studentsagedover49overwhelminglystudyforinterest(70%)ratherthanforprofessionalreasons(l
15、essthan20%).Justover60%ofstudentsagedunder26aresupportedbytheiremployers.Bycontrast,the30-39agegroupisthemostself-sufficient,withonly30%beinggiventimeoffandhelpwithfees.Thefiguresriseslightlyforstudentsintheirfortiesandforthoseaged50ormore.(178w
17、ceondemand-responsevehicles.Bycontrast,commuterrailservicesrecordedbyfarthelowestfigures.Atotalof225incidentsand173injuries,per100millionpassengermilestravelled,tookplaceondemand-responsetransportservices.Thesefigureswerenearlythreetimesashighas
18、thoseforthesecondhighestcategory,busservices.Therewere76incidentsand66peoplewereinjuredonbuses.Railservicesexperieneedfewerproblems.Thenumberofincidentsonlightrailtrainsequalledthefigurerecordedforbuses,butthereweresignificantlyfewerinjuries,aton
19、ly39.Heavyrailservicessawlowernumbersofsucheventsthanlightrailservices,butcommuterrailpassengerswereevenlesslikelytoexperienceproblems.Infact,only20incidentsand17injuriesoccurredoncommutertrains.(165words,band9)YearJapan-十*SwedenUSAThelinegraphco
20、mparesthepercentageofpeopleaged65ormoreinthreecountriesoveraperiodof100years.Itisclearthattheproportionofelderlypeopleincreasesineachcountrybetween1940and2040.Japanisexpectedtoseethemostdramaticchangesinitselderlypopulation.In1940,around9%ofAm
21、ericanswereaged65orover,comparedtoabout7%ofSwedishpeopleand5%ofJapanesepeople.TheproportionsofelderlypeopleintheUSAandSwedenrosegraduallyoverthenext50years,reachingjustunder15%in1990.Bycontrast,thefiguresforJapanremainedbelow5%untiltheearly
22、2000s.Lookingintothefuture,asuddenincreaseinthepercentageofelderlypeopleispredictedforJapan,withajumpofover15%injust10yearsfrom2030to2040.By2040,itisthoughtthataround27%oftheJapanesepopulationwillbe65yearsoldormore,whilethefiguresforSweden
23、andtheUSAwillbeslightlylower,atabout25%and23%respectively.(178words,band9)Percentageofnationalconsumerexpenditurebycategory-2002Thetableshowspercentagesofconsumerexpenditureforthreecategoriesofproductsandservicesinfivecountriesin2002.Itisclearthatthe
24、largestproportionofconsumerspendingineachcountrywentonfood,drinksandtobacco.Ontheotherhand,theleisure/educationcategoryhasthelowestpercentagesinthetable.Outofthefivecountries,consumerspendingonfood,drinksandtobaccowasnoticeablyhigherinTurkey,at32.14
25、%,andIreland,atnearly29%.TheproportionofspendingonleisureandeducationwasalsohighestinTurkey,at4.35%,whileexpenditureonclothingandfootwearwassignificantlyhigherinItaly,at9%,thaninanyoftheothercountries.ItcanbeseenthatSwedenhadthelowestpercentagesofn
27、rrigatedUVMtc-rperSra/il)76mill湎26顾23S9nfDemoenuckcpubticOfCanjo5JnullicnlOOlurftHHOOOGlobalwaterusebvsectorInduttrialusvDomtsUtuh1TO01510H2O19JO1W>19W1960WTO19S019WZOOQAghtultufifThechartscomparetheamountofwaterusedforagriculture,industryandhomesaroundthe
28、world,andwateruseinBrazilandtheDemocraticRepublicofCongo.Itisclearthatglobalwaterneedsrosesignificantlybetween1900and2000,andthatagricultureaccountedforthelargestproportionofwaterused.WecanalsoseethatwaterconsumptionwasconsiderablyhigherinBrazil
29、thanintheCongo.In1900,around500km3ofwaterwasusedbytheagriculturesectorworldwide.Thefiguresforindustrialanddomesticwaterconsumptionstoodataroundonefifthofthatamount.By2000,globalwateruseforagriculturehadincreasedtoaround3000km3industrialwaterusehad
30、risentojustunderhalfthatamount,anddomesticconsumptionhadreachedapproximately500km3Intheyear2000,thepopulationsofBrazilandtheCongowere176millionand5.2millionrespectively.WaterconsumptionperpersoninBrazil,at359m3wasmuchhigherthanthatintheCongo,
32、ebarchartcomparesthecostofanaveragehouseinfivemajorcitiesoveraperiodof13yearsfrom1989.Wecanseethathousepricesfelloverallbetween1990and1995,butmostofthecitiessawrisingpricesbetween1996and2002.Londonexperieneedbyfarthegreatestchangesinhousepric
33、esoverthe13-yearperiod.Overthe5yearsafter1989,thecostofaveragehomesinTokyoandLondondroppedbyaround7%,whileNewYorkhousepriceswentdownby5%.Bycontrast,pricesrosebyapproximately2%inbothMadridandFrankfurt.Between1996and2002,Londonhousepricesjumpedtoa
34、round12%abovethe1989average.HomebuyersinNewYorkalsohadtopaysignificantlymore,withpricesrisingto5%abovethe1989average,buthomesinTokyoremainedcheaperthantheywerein1989.ThecostofanaveragehomeinMadridrosebyafurther2%,whilepricesinFrankfurtremainedst
35、able.(165words)ThetablegivesinformationaboutpovertyratesamongsixtypesofhouseholdinAustraliaintheyear1999.FamilytypePropertionofpsepkfromeachhouschaEdtypelivingtnpovertysingleacdperson6%(54.000Jagedccup3fe4%(48,000)sirige,nochildrenJ9%(359.000)couple,nochitdr亡n7%(
36、211.000soleparent2X<232.000)couplewithchildren12%(953,000)Mhouseholds11%1.337*00)Itisnoticeablethatlevelsofpovertywerehigherforsinglepeoplethanforcouples,andpeoplewithchildrenweremorelikelytobepoorthanthosewithout.Povertyrateswereconsiderablyloweramong
37、elderlypeople.Overall,11%ofAustralians,or1,837,000people,werelivinginpovertyin1999.Agedpeopleweretheleastlikelytobepoor,withpovertylevelsof6%and4%forsingleagedpeopleandagedcouplesrespectively.Justoveronefifthofsingleparentswerelivinginpoverty,whereas
38、only12%ofparentslivingwithapartnerwereclassedaspoor.Thesamepatterncanbeseenforpeoplewithnochildren:while19%ofsinglepeopleinthisgroupwerelivingbelowthepovertyline,thefigureforcoupleswasmuchlower,atonly7%.(150words,band9)12kmtEJincIcnpouhUiOHIO,
40、sitesisthatS1isoutsidethetown,whereasS2isinthetowncentre.Thesitescanalsobecomparedintermsofaccessbyroadorrail,andtheirpositionsrelativetothreesmallertowns.Lookingattheinformationinmoredetail,S1isinthecountrysidetothenorthwestofGarlsdon,butit
41、isclosetotheresidentialareaofthetown.S2isalsoclosetothehousingarea,whichsurroundsthetowncentre.TherearemainroadsfromHindon,BransdonandCransdontoGarlsdontowncentre,butthisisanotrafficzone,sotherewouldbenoaccesstoS2bycar.Bycontrast,S1lie
42、sonthemainroadtoHindon,butitwouldbemoredifficulttoreachfromBransdonandCransdon.BothsupermarketsitesareclosetotherailwaythatrunsthroughGarlsdonfromHindontoCransdon.ThebarchartcomparesconsumerspendingonsixdifferentitemsinGermany,Italy,FranceandBrita
46、ionInsLjIamrirgc1ftoolavorhanysnightVntiiaTiorHaredhfatrtjniQveriThediagramsshowhowhousedesignsdifferaccordingtoclimate.Themostnoticeablediffereneebetweenhousesdesignedforcoolandwarmclimatesisintheshapeoftheroof.Thedesignsalsodifferwithregardtothewin
47、dowsandtheuseofinsulation.Wecanseethatthecoolclimatehousehasahigh-angledroof,whichallowssunlighttoenterthroughthewindow.Bycontrast,theroofofthewarmclimatehousehasapeakinthemiddleandroofoverhangstoshadethewindows.Insulationandthermalbuildi
48、ngmaterialsareusedincoolclimatestoreduceheatloss,whereasinsulationandreflectivematerialsareusedtokeeptheheatoutinwarmclimates.Finally,thecoolclimatehousehasonewindowwhichfacesthedirectionofthesun,whilethewarmclimatehousehaswindowsontwosideswhicha
49、reshadedfromthesun.Byopeningthetwowindowsatnight,thehousedesignedforwarmclimatescanbeventilated.(162words,band9)Thepictureillustratesthewayinwhichwaterpassesfromoceantoairtolandduringthenaturalprocessknownasthewatercycle.Threemainstagesaresh
50、ownonthediagram.Oceanwaterevaporates,fallsasrain,andeventuallyrunsbackintotheoceansagain.Beginningattheevaporationstage,wecanseethat80%ofwatervapourintheaircomesfromtheoceans.Heatfromthesuncauseswatertoevaporate,andwatervapourcondensestoformc
52、heimperviouslayeroftheearth.Saltwaterintrusionisshowntotakeplacejustbeforegroundwaterpassesintotheoceanstocompletethecycle.(156words,band9)Thefirstpictureshowsthelayoutofanartgallery,andthesecondshowssomeproposedchangestothegalleryspace.Itiscle
53、arthatsignificantchangeswillbemadeintermsoftheuseoffloorspaceinthegallery.Therewillbeacompletelynewentranceandmorespaceforexhibitions.Atpresent,visitorsenterthegallerythroughdoorswhichleadintoalobby.However,theplanistomovetheentrancetotheParki
54、nsonCourtsideofthebuilding,andvisitorswillwalkstraightintotheexhibitionarea.Inplaceofthelobbyandofficeareas,whichareshownontheexistingplan,thenewgalleryplanshowsaneducationareaandasmallstoragearea.Thepermanentexhibitionspaceintheredevelopedgallery
55、willbeabouttwiceaslargeasitisnowbecauseitwilloccupytheareathatisnowusedfortemporaryexhibitions.Therewillalsobeanewroomforspecialexhibitions.Thisroomisshowninredontheexistingplanandisnotcurrentlypartofthegallery.(178words,band9)Thetableshowsd
56、ataabouttheundergroundrailnetworksinsixmajorcities.UndergroundRailwaysSystemsCityDateopened敢慾ofroutePassengersperyear(inmillions)London1063394775Paris19001991191Tokyo1927|1551927WashingtonDC1976126144Kyoto19811145LosAngeles20012050Thetablecomparesthesixnetworksintermso
57、ftheirage,sizeandthenumberofpeoplewhousethemeachyear.Itisclearthatthethreeoldestundergroundsystemsarelargerandservesignificantlymorepassengersthanthenewersystems.TheLondonundergroundistheoldestsystem,havingopenedin1863.Itisalsothelargests
58、ystem,with394kilometresofroute.Thesecondlargestsystem,inParis,isonlyabouthalfthesizeoftheLondonunderground,with199kilometresofroute.However,itservesmorepeopleperyear.Whileonlythirdintermsofsize,theTokyosystemiseasilythemostused,with1927millionpassengersperyear.Ofthethreenewernetworks,theWashingtonDCundergroundisthemostextensive,with126kilometresofroute,c