ChrisLonsdaleisapsychologistfromNewZealandwhorunsacompanyinHongKong.He’sbeeninterestedinacceleratedlearninghiswholelife.Afterspendingmanyyearsassessingalloftheresearchavailableonlanguagelearning,hewasabletoformulatefiveprinciplesandsevenactionsthatwillallowanynormaladulttolearnanewlanguageandspeakitfluentlyinsixmonths.
ChrisLonsdale是一位来自于新西兰的心理学家,在香港运营着一家公司。他的一生都在研究加速学习。在花了许多年评估所有手边的关于语言学习的研究后,他得出5条原则和7个方法,可以让一个正常的成年人在6个月内快速学会一门新的语言并流畅表达。
当我在YouTube看他的TED演讲视频的时候发现了Longsdale的方法。以下就是Lonsdal的在仅仅6个月内学会一门新的语言的5个原则和7个步骤。
TheFivePrinciples
Lonsdale’sfiveprinciplesofrapidlanguageacquisitionarethefollowing:
Lonsdale五个快速语言学习的原则如下:
WhydoyouwanttolearntospeakasecondlanguageLookatthefollowing:
你为什么要学习新的语言,看看下面的原因:
DoyouwanttolearnItaliansothatyoucanunderstandoperaIfso,thenconcentrateonwordsandphrasesthatyouwouldhearinPuccini’soperas.
你学习语言是为了欣赏歌剧?如果是这样,那就专注于你会在普契尼(意大利歌剧作曲家)的歌剧里听到的语言吧。
DoyouwanttolearntospeakMandarinsothatyoucancommunicatewithyourbusinesspartnersinChinaThenfocusonlearningwordsandphrasesinMandarinthatarerelatedtobusiness.
Insteadofsimplylearningthelanguageinanacademicsetting,putyourselfinsituationswhichforceyoutousethelanguageinordertobeabletocommunicatewithothers.
与其简单的为了考试和学习语言,把你自己放到为了和别人交流必须要用语言的环境中吧。
Whenyou’refirsttryingtolearnanewlanguage,insteadoftryingtounderstandthewordsthatsomeoneisusingtotalktoyou,trytounderstandwhatthey’retryingtosaythroughtheirgestures,bodylanguage,andfacialexpressions.
当你第一次尝试学习一门新的语言时,与其努力弄明白那个和你交谈的人说的话,不如努力通过他们的手势、肢体语言、面部表情去理解他们说的话。
Thatis,atfirstyoudon’tderivemeaningfromthelanguage,butfromtheinteraction.Thisissomethingcalledcomprehensionalinput,andit’sbeenwelldocumented.
Firstofall,wehavefiltersinourbrainsthatfilterinsoundsthatwe’refamiliarwith,andthatfilteroutsoundsthatwe’renotfamiliarwith.Andifwecan’thearit,wewon'tunderstanditandifwecan'tundertstandit,wearenotgoingtolearnit.Therefore,youhavetocontinuallylistentothesoundsofthelanguagethatyou’retryingtolearninordertotrainyourbraintoletinthenewsounds.
首先,我们大脑里有滤网,会过滤出那些我们熟悉的声音,剔除掉我们不熟悉的声音。如果我们听不到的话,我们就没法理解,没法理解,是无法学会的。因此,为了使你的大脑能听进去新的声音,你必须持续地听你想要学习的语言。
Inaddition,talkingrequiresusingyourfacialmuscles.Youhave43musclesinyourface.Youhavetocoordinatethosemusclesinawaythatmakessoundsthatotherscanunderstand
另外,交流需要运用你的面部肌肉。你脸上有43条肌肉。你必须要找到一个方法让这些肌肉协调起来,以产生让别人可以听懂的声音。
Ifyou’resad,angry,worried,orupset,you’renotgoingtolearnthenewlanguage.Ifyou’rehappy,relaxed,andcurious,you’regoingtolearnthenewlanguagequickly.Inaddition,youneedtobetolerantofambiguity.Atfirstwhenpeoplespeaktoyouinthelanguagethatyou’retryingtolearn,you’llunderstandverylittle.Butthat’sOK.
如果你带着悲伤、愤怒、担心和沮丧的情绪,是学不会新的语言的。如果你是开心的,放松的,好奇的,你可以快速学会一门语言。另外,你需要忍受模糊,起初,当人们用你正在学习语言和你交谈的时候,你只能理解一点点。但那没关系。
Ifyou'reoneofthosepeoplewhoneedstounderstand100%everywordyou'rehearing,youwillgonuts,becauseyou'llbeincrediblyupsetallthetime,becauseyou'renotperfect.Ifyou'recomfortablewithgettingsome,notgettingsome,justpayingattentiontowhatyoudounderstand,you'regoingtobefine,you'llberelaxedandyou'llbelearningquickly.
TheSevenActions
Basedonthefiveprinciplesthatwereexplainedabove,therearesevenactionsthatyouneedtotakeinordertolearnanewlanguagequicklyandefficiently.ThesevenactionswhichLonsdalerecommendsarethefollowing:
基于以上五个原则,为了快速有效地学会一门新的语言,你需要7个方法。Lonsdale推荐的七个方法如下:
Lonsdalecallsthisbrainsoaking.Itdoesn’tmatterifatfirstyoudon’tunderstandwhatyou’relisteningto.You’relisteningtorecognizepatterns,wordsthatrepeat,andthingsthatstandout.Inaddition,you’relisteningtotherhythmofthelanguage.
Lonsdale把这称为泡脑子。起初对于你是不是理解所听到的内容,并没有关系。你正在听可以识别的模式,重复的词,突出的内容。另外,你在听语言的韵律。
Frombodylanguageyoucanunderstandalotofcommunication.You’llbeacquiringthelanguagethroughcomprehensionalinput.
通过肢体语言你可以理解大量的对话,你会通过理解输入学习语言。
Ifyouknowtenverbs,tennouns,andtenadjectivesinthenewlanguage,youcansay1000differentthings.Languageisacreativeprocess.Lookforwaystogetyourmeaningacrossbyusingthewordsthatyouknow.
如果你掌握了新的语言里的10个动词,10个名词,10个形容词,你可以说出1000个不同的句子。语言是创造的过程。找到运用你掌握的词来表达你的意思的方法。
Witheverylanguagethere’shighfrequencycontent.Asanillustration,inEnglish,onethousandwordscover85%ofanythingyou’regoingtosayindailylife.Three-thousandwordsgiveyou98%coverage.AlltheotherwordsintheEnglishlanguagearetheicingonthecake.
每种语言都有高频的内容。如图所示,在英语中,1000词就能覆盖你在日常生活中85%要表达的内容。3000个词能覆盖98%的内容。所有其他的词汇都是低频的。
Whenyoustartlearningalanguageyourprogresswillprobablylooklikethefollowing:
当你学习一门语言时,学习过程可能会如以下所示:
Week1:Continuallyask“Whatisthis”,“Howdoyousay...”,“Canyousaythatagain”,“Canyourepeatthat”Alwaysaskthesequestionsinthelanguagethatyou’retryingtolearn.
第一周:持续地问:“这是什么?”,“你怎么表达....","你能再重复一遍吗?",“你能重复以下那句话吗?”,始终用你正学习的语言问这些问题。
Week2and3:Youshouldbeusingverysimplenouns,verbs,andpronouns(“you”,“me”,“that”,“hot”,“give”,andsoon).
第2周和第3周:你可以用非常简单的名词,动词和代词(你,我,那个,热的,给予,等等)。
Week4:You’reusinggluewords,suchas“and”,“but”,“eventhough”,“therefore”,andsoon.Thesewordstiebitsoflanguagetogethersothatyoucanmakemorecomplexmeaning.Atthispointyou’retalkinginthenewlanguage.
第四周:使用连接词,如“和”,“但是”,“即使”,“因此”,等等。这些词将语言片段连接起来,那样就可以有更复杂的意思。在这样层面,你正在使用新的语言交流。
Thisiswhereyouwanttogetalanguageparent.Thatis,someonewhowilltreatyoulikeaparenttreatstheirchildwhenthechildislearningtospeak.Thislanguageparentcanrecognizewhatyou’resaying,evenwhenothersdon’tunderstand.Theycreateasafeenvironmentforyou,whichmakesyoumoreconfidentinyourabilitytolearnthenewlanguage.
这个阶段就是你需要语言家长的时候。那是说,某人可以像家长对待正在学习语言的孩子那样对待你。语言家长可以知道你说什么,即使其他人不理解你。他们给你创造一个安全的环境,可以让你对学习新的语言的能力更自信。
Thefourrulesforalanguageparentarethefollowing:
对于语言家长的四条原则如下:
Theywillworkhardtounderstandwhatyou’retryingtosay.
他们要努力弄明白你表达的意思。
Theydon’tcorrectyourmistakes.
他们不纠正你的错误。
Theyconfirmunderstandingbyusingcorrectlanguage.
他们用正确的语言确认他们的理解。
Theyusewordsthatyouknowandalsocommunicatewithgesturesandbodylanguage.
他们用你理解的语言交流,也用手势和肢体语言。
Inordertolearntomakethesoundsthatwillallowyoutospeakthenewlanguage,youhavetowatchthefaceofpeoplewhospeakthatlanguage.Howdoestheirfacemovewhenthey’respeakingMimictheirfacialmovements.
为了能让你用新的语言发出声音,你必须注意那些说说那种语言的人的面部。(主要是口部动作)。当他们表达的时候,脸部肌肉是如何运动的。模仿他们面部的运动。
Mostpeoplelearningtospeakanotherlanguagewillmakealistofwordsthattheywanttolearnintheirmothertongue,andnexttoeachwordthey’llplacetheequivalentinthelanguagethatthey’retryingtolearn.Thentheyjustgooverthelistrepeatedlyinthehopesofmemorizingthewordsinthenewlanguage.Thisisveryinefficient.
大多数人学习另一门语言时,会用母语制作一个他们想学习的词的清单,在每个词旁用新的语言写出对应的词。他们反复浏览那个清单,希望能记住新的语言的单词。这是非常低效的。
Everythingthatyouknowisanimageinsideyourmind.Forexample,ifyoutalkaboutfireyoucansmellthesmoke,feeltheheat,hearthecrackling,andseetheflames.Whatyouwanttodoistofocusontheimagethat’scurrentlyinyourheadfor“fire”andcreateanewpathwaythatleadsfromthisimagetotheword“fire”inthelanguagethatyou’retryingtolearn.
所有你知道的在大脑里都是一张图片。例如,如果你谈论火,你可以闻到烟的气味,感到热,听到噼啪声,看到火焰。你想要做的是专注于大脑里火焰的图像,在听到“fire”的时候,创造一条路径和那个火焰图像相连。