Section1&Section2重点场景（生活类）：课程咨询，服务咨询，租房买房，预定活动场地，地点介绍，旅游。
Section3&Section4重点场景（学术类）：论文讨论，师生讨论，学术研究，课程作业，植物讲座，动物讲座。
Section1
Questions1-2
Completethenotesbelow.
WriteNOMORETHANONEWORDforeachanswer.
Adviceonplumbersanddecorators
Example
Makesurethecompanyis:local
Pontcallaplumberduringthe1_____
Lookattradewebsite:2
Questions3-10
Completethetablebelow.
Name
Positivepoints
Negativepoints
Peake’sPlumbing
Always4_____
JohnDamerolPlumbingServices
6_____
SimonsonPlasterers
Abletodolotsofdifferent7_____
More8_____thanothercompanies
H.L.Plastering
9_____
Prefersnottouselong10_____
SECTION2Questions11-20
Question11
Choosethecorrectletter,A,BorC.
11.Thepurposeofthetalkisto:
Ashowstudentssomeinterestingplacesonatour
Bgiveinstructionsandinformationonatour
Cgivestudentsaninterestingexperienceonatour
Questions12-15
WriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSORANUMBERforeachanswer.
Studentsshouldleavehomeatabout12_____
Thetelephonenumbertocalliftheyarelateis13_____
Thestudentsshouldbuya14_____ticketbecausethetourwilltake15_____hours.
Questions16-19
WriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSORAHUMBERforeachanswer.
Place
Stay/Minutes
Do
Townhalt
XXX
Meetonsteps
Library
16
Lookatfacilities
Cinema
17_____movies
Artgallery
15minutes
18_____
Restaurants,bars,cafes
XXXX
returnlatertosamplefoodIandatmosphere
meetlocalstudents
19_____
Untilendoftour
Eatpicniclunch
Question20
ChooseOHEletter,A-F.
Thespeakersaysthatthestudentsdon'tneedtobring:
Acomfortableshoesandclothes
Bdrinks
Csunscreen
Dlunch
Ehat
Fextramoney
Section3
Questions21and30
Writenomorethanthreewordsforeachanswer.
Novel:21_____
Protagonists:MaryLennox;ColinCraven
Timeperiod:Earlyin22_____
Plot:Mary-UK-meetsColinwhothinkshe'llneverbeableto23_____.Theybecomefriends.
Pointofview:“Omniscient”-narratorknowsallaboutcharacters'feelings,opinionsand24_____Audience:Goodforchildren-storysimpletofollow
Symbols(physicalitemsthatrepresent25_____):
Section4
Questions31-40
WriteONEWORDONLYforeachanswer.
TheTawnyOwl
Most31..................owlspeciesinUK
Stronglynocturnal
Habitat
Mainlylivesin32...................,butcanalsobeseeninurbanareas,e.g.parks.
Adaptations
Shortwingsand33...................,fornavigation
Brownand34..................feathers,forcamouflage
Largeeyes(moreeffectivethanthoseof35..................),forgoodnightvision
Verygoodspatial36...................,forpredictingwherepreymightbefound
Excellent37...................,forlocatingpreyfromaperch
Diet
Mainfoodissmallmammals.
Owlsinurbanareaseatmore38................
Survival
Twothirdsofyoungowldiewithina39...............
Owlsdon'tdisperseoverlongdistances.
Owlsseemtodislikeflyingeverlargeareasof40....................
Answerkey
1weekend(s)
2plasdeco
3clear
4late/unreliable
5cheaper
6messy
7designs
8expensive
9painting
10ladder(s)
Section2
11.B
12.9:15
13.0482557369
14.one-wayticket
15.3
16.20minutes
17.checkout
18.lookatexhibits
19.park
20.D
21.TheSecretGarden
22.(the)twentiethcentury
23.walk
24.motivations
25.abstractideas
26.roses
27.dark(ness)tolight(ness)
28.health
29.environment
30.humancompanionship
31common
32woodland/woods/forcst(s)
33tail
34grey/gray
35humans/people
36memory
37hearing
38birds
39year
40water
【阅读】
READINGPASSAGE1
Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions1-13,whicharebasedonReadingPassage1below.
BondiBeach
ABondiBeach,Australia’smostfamousbeach,islocatedinthesuburbofBondi,intheLocalGovernmentAreaofWaveriey,sevenkilometersfromthecentreofSydney.“Bondiu”or“Boondi”isanAboriginalwordmeaningwaterbreakingoverrocksorthesoundofbreakingwaves.TheAustralianMuseumrecordsthatBondimeansplacewhereaflightofnullastookplace.ThereareAboriginalRockcarvingsonthenorthernendofthebeachatBenBucklerandsouthofBondiBeachnearMcKenziesBeachonthecoastalwalk.
BTheindigenouspeopleoftheareaatthetimeofEuropeansettlementhavegenerallybeenwelcomedtoastheSydneypeopleortheEora(Eorameans“thepeople”).OnetheorydescribestheEoraasasub-groupoftheDaruglanguagegroupwhichoccupiedtheCumberlandPlainwesttotheBlueMountains.However,anothertheorysuggeststhattheywereadistinctlanguagegroupoftheirown.Thereisnoclearevidenceforthenameornamesoftheparticularband(s)oftheEorathatroamedwhatisnowtheWaverieyarea.AnumberofplacenameswithinWaveriey,mostfamouslyBondi,havebeenbasedonwordsderivedfromAboriginallanguagesoftheSydneyregion.
CFromthemid-1800sBondiBeachwasafavouritelocationforfamilyoutingsandpicnics,thebeginningsofthesuburbgobackto1809,whentheearlyroadbuilder,WilliamRoberts,receivedfromGovernorBlighagrantof81hectaresofwhatisnowmostofthebusinessandresidentialareaofBondiBeach.In1851,EdwardSmithHallandFrancisO’Brienpurchased200acresoftheBondiareathatembracedalmostthewholefrontageofBondiBeach,anditwasnamedthe“TheBondiEstate.”Between1855and1877O’BrienpurchasedHall’sshareoftheland,renamedthelandthe“O’BrienEstate,”andmadethebeachandthesurroundinglandavailabletothepublicasapicnicgroundandamusementresort.Asthebeachbecameincreasinglypopular,O’Brienthreatenedtostoppublicbeachaccess.However,theMunicipalCouncilbelievedthattheGovernmentneededtointervenetomakethebeachapublicreserve.
DDuringthe1900sbeachbecameassociatedwithhealth,leisureanddemocracy–aplaygroundeveryonecouldenjoyequally.BondiBeachwasaworkingclasssuburbthroughoutmostofthetwentiethcenturywithmigrantpeoplefromNewZealandcomprisingthemajorityofthelocalpopulation.Thefirsttramwayreachedthebeachin1884.Followingthis,trambecamethefirstpublictransportationinBondi.Asanalternative,thisactionchangedtherulethatonlyrichpeoplecanenjoythebeach.Bythe1930sBondiwasdrawingnotonlylocalvisitorsbutalsopeoplefromelsewhereinAustraliaandoverseas.AdvertisingatthetimereferredtoBondiBeachasthe“PlaygroundofthePacific”.
EThereisagrowingtrendthatpeoplepreferhavingrelaxnearseasideinsteadoflivingunhealthilyincities.Theincreasingpopularityofseabathingduringthelate1800sandearly1900sraisedconcernsaboutpublicsafetyandhowtopreventpeoplefromdrowning.Inresponse,theworld’sfirstformallydocumentedsurflifesavingclub,theBondiSurfBathers’LifeSavingClub,wasformedin1907.Thiswaspowerfullyreinforcedbythedramaticeventsof“BlackSunday”atBondiin1938.Some35,000peoplewereonthebeachandalargegroupoflifesaverswereabouttostartasurfracewhenthreefreakwaveshitthebeach,sweepinghundredsofpeopleouttosea.Lifesaversrescued300people.Thelargestmassrescueinthehistoryofsurfbathing,itconfirmedtheplaceofthelifesaverinthenationalimagination.
FBondiBeachistheendpointoftheCitytoSurfFunRunwhichisheldeachyearinAugust.Australiansurfcarnivalsfurtherinstilledthisimage.AroyalSurfCarnivalwasheldatBondiBeachfortheQueenElizabethIIduringherfirstvisitedinAustraliain1954.Since1867,therehavebeenoverfiftyvisitsbyamemberoftheBritishRoyalFamilytoAustralia.Inadditiontomanyactivities,theBondiBeachMarketsisopeneverySunday.ManywealthypeoplespendChristmasDayatthebeach.However,theshortageofhousesoccurswhenlotsofpeoplecrushedtoseaside.Manlyistheseashoretownwhichsolvedthisproblem.However,peoplestillchooseBondiasthesatisfieddestinationratherthanManly.
GBondiBeachhasacommercialareaalongCampbellParadeandadjacentsidestreets,featuringmanypopularcafes,restaurants,andhotels,withviewsofthecontemporarybeach.ItisdepictedaswhollymodernandEuropean.Inthelastdecade,BondiBeaches’uniquepositionhasseenadramaticriseinsveltehousesandapartmentstotakeadvantageoftheviewsandscentofthesea.Thevalleyrunningdowntothebeachisfamousworldoverforitsviewofdistinctiveredtiledroofs.ThosearchitecturesaredeeplyinfluencedbyBritishcostaltown.
HBondiBeachhostedthebeachvolleyballcompetitionatthe2000SummerOlympics.Atemporary10,000-seatstadium,amuchsmallerstadium,2warm-upcourts,and3trainingcourtsweresetuptohostthetournament.TheBondiBeachVolleyballStadiumwasconstructedforitandstoodforjustsixweeks.Campaignersopposeboththesocialandenvironmentconsequencesofthedevelopment.Thestadiumwilldividethebeachintwoandseriouslyrestrictpublicaccessforswimming,walking,andotherformsofoutdoorrecreation.PeopleprotestfortheirhumanrightsofhavingapureseasideandargueforhealthlifeinBondi.
I“They’repreparedtorisklivesandrisktheBondibeachenvironmentforthesakeofeightdaysofvolleyball”,saidStephenUnicake,aconstructionlawyerinvolvedinthecampaign.Otherenvironmentalconcernsincludethepossibilitythatsoildredgedupfrombelowthesandwillacidifywhenbroughttothesurface.
Questions1-5
DothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninReadingPassage1
Inboxes1-5onyouranswersheet,write
TRUEifthestatementagreeswiththeinformation
FALSEifthestatementcontradictstheinformation
NOTGIVENifthereisnoinformationonthis
1.ThenameoftheBondibeachisfirstcalledbytheBritishsettlers.
2.TheaboriginalcultureinAustraliaisdifferentwhencomparedwithEuropeanculture.
3.Bondibeachareaholdsmanycontemporaryhotels
4.TheseasidetowninBondiisaffectedbyBritishcultureforitscharacteristicredcolor.
5.LivingnearBondiseashoreisnotbeneficialforhealth.
Questions6-9
AnswerthequestionsbelowusingNOMORETHANTWOWORDSAND/ORNUMBERSfromthepassageforeachanswer.Writeyouranswersinboxes6-9onyouranswersheet
6.Attheendof19thcentury,whichpublictransportdidpeopleusetogotobondi
7.WhendidtheBritishRoyaltyfirstvisitBondi
8.WhichOlympiceventdidBondiholdin2000SydneyOlympicgames
9.WhatwouldbedamagedifthestadiumwasbuiltforthatOlympicevent
Questions10-13
CompletethefollowingsummaryoftheparagraphsofReadingPassage.
UsingnomorethantwowordsfromtheReadingPassageforeachanswer.
Writeyouranswersinboxes10-13onyouranswersheet.
Bondibeachholdsthefeaturesportactivitieseveryyear,whichattractslotof......10......choosingtoliveatthisplaceduringholidays.Butlocalaccommodationcannotmeetwiththeexpandingpopulation,anearbytownof......11......isthefirstsuburbsitetosupportthesolution,yetpeopleprefer......12......astheirbestchoice.Itsseasidebuildingsarewell-knownintheworldforthespecialsceniccolored13...............onbuildingsandthejoyfulsmellfromthesea
READINGPASSAGE2
Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions14-26,whicharebasedonReadingPassage2below.
CorporateSocialResponsibility
Broadlyspeaking,proponentsofCSRhaveusedfourargumentstomaketheircase:moralobligation,sustainability,licensetooperate,andreputation.Themoralappeal-arguingthatcompanieshaveadutytobegoodcitizensandto"dotherightthing"–isprominentinthegoalofBusinessforSocialResponsibility,theleadingnonprofitCSRbusinessassociationintheUnitedStates.Itasksthatitsmembers"achievecommercialsuccessinwaysthathonorethicalvaluesandrespectpeople,communities,andthenaturalenvironment."Sustainabilityemphasizesenvironmentalandcommunitystewardship.
AAnexcellentdefinitionwasdevelopedinthe1980sbyNorwegianPrimeMinisterGroHarlemBrundtlandandusedbytheWorldBusinessCouncilforSustainableDevelopment“Meetingtheneedsofthepresentwithoutcompromisingtheabilityoffuturegenerationstomeettheirownneeds.”Thenotionoflicensetooperatederivesfromthefactthateverycompanyneedstacitorexplicitpermissionfromgovernments,communities,andnumerousotherstakeholderstodobusiness.Finally,reputationisusedbymanycompaniestojustifyCSRinitiativesonthegroundsthattheywillimproveacompany’simage,strengthenitsbrandenlivenmorale,andevenraisethevalueofitsstock.
CAcompany’simpactonsocietyalsochangesovertime,associalstandardsevolveandscienceprogresses.Asbestos,nowunderstoodasaserioushealthrisk,wasthoughttobesafeintheearly1900s,giventhescientificknowledgethenavailable.Evidenceofitsrisksgraduallymountedformorethan50yearsbeforeanycompanywasheldliablefortheharmsitcancause.Manyfirmsthatfailedtoanticipatetheconsequencesofthisevolvingbodyofresearchhavebeenbankruptedbytheresults.Nolongercancompaniesbecontenttomonitoronlytheobvioussocialimpactsoftoday.Withoutacarefulprocessforidentifyingevolvingsocialeffectsoftomorrow,firmsmayrisktheirverysurvival.
EThebestcorporatecitizenshipinitiativesinvolvefarmorethanwritingacheck:Theyspecifyclear,measurablegoalsandtrackresultsovertime.AgoodexampleisGE’sprogramtoadoptunderperformingpublichighschoolsnearseveralofitsmajorU.S.facilities.Thecompanycontributesbetween$250,000and$1millionoverafive-yearperiodtoeachschoolandmakesin-kinddonationsaswell.GEmanagersandemployeestakeanactiverolebyworkingwithschoolofficialstoassessneedsandmentorortutorstudents.Inanindependentstudyoftenschoolsintheprogrambetween1989and1999,nearlyallshowedsignificantimprovement,whilethegraduationrateinfourofthefiveworstperformingschoolsdoubledfromanaverageof30%to60%.
Effectivecorporatecitizenshipinitiativessuchasthisonecreategoodwillandimproverelationswithlocalgovernmentsandotherimportantconstituencies.What’smore,GE’semployeesfeelgreatprideintheirparticipation.Theireffectisinherentlylimited,however.Nomatterhowbeneficialtheprogramis,itremainsincidentaltothecompany’sbusiness,andthedirecteffectonGE’srecruitingandretentionismodest.
Questions14-20
Thereadingpassagehassevenparagraphs,A-G
ChoosethecorrectheadingforparagraphsA-Gfromthelistbelow.
Writethecorrectnumber,i-xi,inboxes14-20onyouranswersheet.
iHowCSRmayhelponebusinesstoexpand
iiCSRinmanyaspectsofacompany’sbusiness
iiiACSRinitiativewithoutafinancialgain
ivLackofactionbythestateofsocialissues
vDrivesorpressuresmotivatecompaniestoaddressCSR
vithepastillustratesbusinessareresponsibleforfutureoutcomes
viiCompaniesapplyingCSRshouldbeselective
viiiReasonsthatbusinessandsocietybenefiteachother
14.ParagraphA
15.ParagraphB
16.ParagraphC
17.ParagraphD
18.ParagraphE
19.ParagraphF
20.ParagraphG
Questions21-22
CompletethefollowingsummaryoftheparagraphsofReadingPassage。
Writeyouranswersinboxes21-22onyouranswersheet.
TheimplementofCSR,HOW
PromotionofCSRrequirestheunderstandingofinterdependencebetweenbusinessandsociety.Corporationsworkers’productivitygenerallyneedhealthcare,Education,andgiven21...............Restrictionsimposedbygovernmentandcompaniesbothprotectconsumersfrombeingtreatedunfairly.Improvementofthesafetystandardcanreducethe22...............ofaccidentsintheworkplace.Similarlysocietybecomesapoolofmorehumanneedsandaspirations.
Questions23-26
Usetheinformationinthepassagetomatchthecompanies(listedA-C)withopinionsordeedsbelow.
Writetheappropriateletters,A,BorCinboxes23-26onyouranswersheet.
NByoumayuseanylettermorethanonce
Listofcompanies
A.GeneralElectronics
B.Microsoft
C.Wholefoodsmarket
23.Thedisposablewaste
24.Thewaycompanypurchasesasgoods
25.Helpingtheundeveloped
26.ensuringthepeoplehavethelatestinformation
READINGPASSAGE3
Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions27-40,whicharebasedonReadingPassage3below.
MechanismsofLinguisticChange
AThechangesthathavecausedthemostdisagreementarethoseinpronunciation.Wehavevarioussourcesofevidenceforthepronunciationsofearliertimes,suchasthespellings,thetreatmentofwordsborrowedfromotherlanguagesorborrowedbythem,thedescriptionsofcontemporarygrammariansandspelling-reformers,andthemodernpronunciationsinallthelanguagesanddialectsconcernedFromthemiddleofthesixteenthcentury,thereareinEnglandwriterswhoattempttodescribethepositionofthespeech-organsfortheproductionofEnglishphonemes,andwhoinventwhatareineffectsystemsofphoneticsymbols.Thesevariouskindsofevidence,combinedwithaknowledgeofthemechanismsofspeech-production,canoftengiveusaverygoodideaofthepronunciationofanearlierage,thoughabsolutecertaintyisneverpossible.
BWhenwestudythepronunciationofalanguageoveranyperiodofafewgenerationsormore,wefindtherearealwayslarge-scaleregularitiesinthechanges:forexample,overacertainperiodoftime,justaboutallthelong[a:]vowelsinalanguagemaychangeintolong[e:]vowels,orallthe[b]consonantsinacertainposition(forexampleattheendofaword)maychangeinto[p]consonants.Suchregularchangesareoftencalledsoundlaws.Therearenouniversalsoundlaws(eventhoughsoundlawsoftenreflectuniversaltendencies),butsimplyparticularsoundlawsforonegivenlanguage(ordialect)atonegivenperiod
CItisalsopossiblethatfashionplaysapartintheprocessofchange.Itcertainlyplaysapartinthespreadofchange:onepersonimitatesanother,andpeoplewiththemostprestigearemostlikelytobeimitated,sothatachangethattakesplaceinonesocialgroupmaybeimitated(moreorlessaccurately)byspeakersinanothergroup.Whenasocialgroupgoesupordownintheworld,itspronunciationofRussian,whichhadformerlybeenconsidereddesirable,becameonthecontraryanundesirablekindofaccenttohave,sothatpeopletriedtodisguiseit.SomeofthechangesinacceptedEnglishpronunciationintheseventeenthandeighteenthcenturieshavebeenshowntoconsistinthereplacementofonestyleofpronunciationbyanotherstylealreadyexisting,anditislikelythatsuchsubstitutionswerearesultofthegreatsocialchangesoftheperiod:theincreasedpowerandwealthofthemiddleclasses,andtheirsteadyinfiltrationupwardsintotheranksofthelandedgentry,probablycarriedelementsofmiddle-classpronunciationintoupper-classspeech.
DAlessspecificvariantoftheargumentisthattheimitationofchildrenisimperfect:theycopytheirparents’speech,butneverreproduceitexactly.Thisistrue,butitisalsotruethatsuchdeviationsfromadultspeechareusuallycorrectedinlaterchildhood.Perhapsitismoresignificantthatevenadultsshowacertainamountofrandomvariationintheirpronunciationofagivenphoneme,evenifthephoneticcontextiskeptunchanged.This,however,cannotexplainchangesinpronunciationunlessitcanbeshownthatthereissomesystematictrendinthefailuresofimitation:iftheyaremerelyrandomdeviationstheywillcanceloneanotheroutandtherewillbenonetchangeinthelanguage.
EOnesuchforcewhichisofteninvokedistheprincipleofease,orminimizationofeffort.Thechangefromfussytofuzzywouldbeanexampleofassimilation,whichisaverycommonkindofchange.Assimilationisthechangingofasoundundertheinfluenceofaneighbouringone.Forexample,thewordscantwasonceskamt,butthe/m/hasbeenchangedto/n/undertheinfluenceofthefollowing/t/.Greaterefficiencyhasherebybeenachieved,because/n/and/t/arearticulatedinthesameplace(withthetipofthetongueagainsttheteeth-ridge),whereas/m/isarticulatedelsewhere(withthetwolips).Sotheplaceofarticulationofthenasalconsonanthasbeenchangedtoconformwiththatofthefollowingplosive.Amorerecentexampleofthesamekindofthingisthecommonpronunciationoffootballasfootball.
FAssimilationisnottheonlywayinwhichwechangeourpronunciationinordertoincreaseefficiency.Itisverycommonforconsonantstobelostattheendofaword:inMiddleEnglish,word-final[-n]wasoftenlostinunstressedsyllables,sothatbaken‘tobake’changedfrom[‘ba:kan]to[‘ba:k3],andlaterto[ba:k].Consonant-clustersareoftensimplified.Atonetimetherewasa[t]inwordslikecastleandChristmas,andaninitial[k]inwordslikeknightandknow.Sometimesawholesyllableisdroppedoutwhentwosuccessivesyllablesbeginwiththesameconsonant(haplology):arecentexampleistemporary,whichinBritainisoftenpronouncedasifitweretempory.
Questions27-30
Completethesummarybelow.
ChooseNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSfromthepassageforeachanswer.
Writeyouranswersinboxes1-4onyouranswersheet.
Thepronunciationoflivinglanguageundergochangesthroughoutthousandsofyears.LargescaleregularChangesareusuallycalled27_____.Therearethreereasonsforthesechanges.Firstly,theinfluenceofonelanguageonanother;whenonepersonimitatesanotherpronunciation(themostprestige’s),theimitationalwayspartlyinvolvingfactorof28_____.Secondly,theimitationofchildrenfromadults1languagesometimesare29_____,andmayalsocontributetothischangeifthereareinsignificantdeviationstoughlatertheymaybecorrected.Finally,forthoserandomvariationsinpronunciation,thedeeperevidenceliesinthe30_____orminimizationofeffort.
Questions31-37
DothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninReadingPassage
Inboxes5-11onyouranswersheet,write
31.Itisimpossibleformodernpeopletofindpronunciationofwordsinanearlierage
32.ThegreatchangeoflanguageinRussianhistoryisrelatedtotherisingstatusandfortuneofmiddleclasses.
33.Allthechildrenlearnspeechesfromadultswhitetheyassumethatcertainlanguageisdifficulttoimitateexactly.
34.Pronunciationwithcausalinaccuracywillnotexertbiginfluenceonlanguagechanges.
35.Theword'scant'canbepronouncedmoreeasilythan'skamt'
36.The[g]ingnatnotbeingpronouncedwillnotbespeltoutinthefuture.
37.Thesoundof‘temporary’cannotwhollypresentitsspelling.
Questions38-40
Lookatthefollowingsentencesandthelistofstatementsbelow.
Matcheachstatementwiththecorrectsentence,A-D.
Writethecorrectletter,A-D,inboxes12-14onyouranswersheet
ASincethespeakerscanpronounceitwithlesseffort
BAssimilationofasoundundertheinfluenceofaneighbouringone
CItisatrendforchangesinpronunciationinalargescaleinagivenperiod
DBecausethespeakercanpronounce[n]and[t]bothinthesametime
38.Asaconsequence,‘b’willbepronouncedas
39.Thepronunciationof[mt]changedto[nt]
40.Theomitof‘finthesoundofChristmas
Keys
Passage1
1.FALSE
2.NOTGIVEN
3.NOTGIVEN
4.TRUE
5.FALSE
6.tram
7.1954
8.beachvolleyball
9.environment
10.wealthypeople
11.Manly
12.Bondi
13.tiledroofs
Passage2
14.v
15.viii
16.vi
17.vii
18.iii
19.i
20.ii
21.equalopportunity
22.internalcosts
23.C
24.C
25.A
26.B
Passage3
27.soundlaws
28.fashion
29.imperfect
30.principleofease
31.FALSE
32.FALSE
33.NOTGIVEN
34.TRUE
35.TRUE
36.NOTGIVEN
37.TRUE
38.C
39.B
40.A
【写作】
A类小作文：
数据类图表
非数据类图表
表格
饼图(Hot)
流程图
线图
柱图
地图(Hot)
以下为地图例题及范文解析：
题目：Theplanbelowshowsthechangesofamuseumbetween1998and2008.
Summarisetheinformationbyselectingandreportingthemainfeatures,andmakecomparisonswhererelevant.
解题思路：
本篇为典型的历史变迁地图题。类似地图题可参考沪江留学对本次考试的小作文预测与范文。
作答此类题目，需要考生筛选出两个年份同一地点的新增的、消失的、变化的内容，从而进行对比描述。同时需要注意是过去年份过去时态的应用。
参考范文：
Themapsclearlyindicatethechangesofamuseuminadecadefrom1998to2008.
In1998,themuseumwasquiteplainascanbeseenfromthepicture.Theticketofficewasjustinfrontoftheentrancedoor.Thengoingforward,youwouldseeagardensetinthecentreofthemuseumwithacafebarrightbehindit.Thesefourareaswerelocatedinalineinthemiddleofthemuseum,dividingthefloorplanintothreeparts,wheretheexhibitionroomwasplacedontheleftwhilethewashroomandcloakroomontheright.
Theyear2008didnotseemuchalterationsoftheentranceortheticketoffice.However,thegardenwasmodifiedbyafountainandseatingforcafeaswell,sincethecoffeebarwasmovedfromthebackofthemuseumtotheleftofthegarden.Besides,thecloakroomwascancelledandthewashroomtooktheoriginalplaceofthecafe,leavingplentyofroomfortherightareainthemuseumwhereexhibitionswerebeingheld.
重点表达：
①plain:adj.朴素，简单
②cloakroom:n.衣帽间；物品寄存
③alteration:n.改变
④plentyof:足够的
本次机经真题解析由以下沪江留学老师产出
王倩竹老师
沪江网校留学资深教研老师，同济大学英语语言文学硕士，主攻雅思托福等留学考试。参与沪江网校《雅思保七冲八》、UnlockA1-B2雅思能力课程、WorldEnglishB1、新版雅思6.5分阅读、新版雅思7分听力等课程的设计规划与制作，并帮助多名1V1学生达到雅思写作7分。
A类大作文：
教育类
Nowadays，full-timeuniversitystudentstendtofocusontheirstudying.Somepeoplethinkitisessentialforuniversitystudentstobeinvolvedinotheractivities.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree
Computersarewidelyusedineducation,andsomepeoplethinkteachersdonotplayanimportantroleintheclassroom.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree
Asscientistscontributemoretothedevelopmentofoursocietythanotherpeopledo,sciencestudentsshouldgetmorefinancialsupportfromthegovernmentthanotherstudents.Doyouagreeordisagree
Childrenfinditdifficulttoconcentrateonorpayattentiontoschool.WhatarethereasonsHowcanwesolvethisproblem
Somepeoplethinkthatinordertocontinueimprovingthequalityofhighschooleducation,studentsshouldbeencouragedtoevaluateandcriticizetheirteachers,whileothersassumethiscouldresultinthelossofrespectanddignityforteachers.Discussbothviewsandgiveyourownopinion.
Somepeoplethinkthatallyoungpeopleshouldberequiredtohavefull-timeeducationuntiltheyareatleast18yearsold.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree？
社会类
Oldgenerationsoftenholdsometraditionalideasonthecorrectwayoflife,thinkingandbehavior.However,somepeoplethinkthatitisnothelpfulfortheyounggenerationstoprepareformodernlifeinthefuture.What'syouropinion
Withthedevelopmentofmanycountries,peoplestarttoliveindividuallyandliveinverysmallfamilyunits.WhatarethecausesWhateffectsdoesithaveonsociety
政府类
Manypeoplebelievethatscientificresearchshouldbecarriedoutandcontrolledbythegovernmentratherthanprivatecompanies.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree
Thegovernmenthasthedutytoensurethatitscitizenshaveahealthydiet,whileothersbelievethisisindividuals'responsibility.Discussbothviewsandgiveyouropinion.
环境类
Withtheincreasingdemandforenergysourcesofoilandgas,peopleshouldlookforsourcesofoilandgasinremoteanduntouchedplaces.Dotheadvantagesoutweighthedisadvantagesofdamagingsuchareas
Somepeoplethinkthatinsteadofpreventingclimatechange,weneedtofindawaytolivewithit.Doyouagreeordisagree
Somepeoplesaythebestwaytosolvetheenvironmentalproblemistoraisethepriceoffuel,towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree？
Environmentalproblemsaretoobigforindividualcountriesandindividualpeopletoaddress.Wehavereachedthestagewheretheonlywaytoprotecttheenvironmentistoaddressitataninternationallevel.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagreewiththisstatement
Nuclearenergyisabettersourcesofenergytomeettheincreasingdemandofenergy.Doyouagreeordisagree
犯罪类
Todayprisonisthemostcommonsolutionforcrime.Butsomepeoplethinkthatitwouldbeamoreeffectivewaytoprovidethemwithbettereducationtopreventthemfrombecomingcriminals.Doyouagreeordisagree
Somepeoplebelievethatyoungpeoplewhocommitseriouscrimesshouldbepunishedinthesamewayasadults.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree
Manypeopleareafraidtoleavetheirhomesbecauseoftheirfearofcrime.Somebelievethatmoreactionshouldbetakentopreventcrime,butothersfeelthatlittlecanbedone.Discussbothviewsandgiveyourownopinion.
科技类
Theincreaseinfoodproductionowesmuchtofertilizersandbettermachinery,butsomepeoplethinkthatithasanegativeimpactonhumanhealthandcommunity.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree
Somepeoplethinkit’snecessarytouseanimalsfortestingmedicinesintendedforhumanuse.Others,however,thinkit’snotrighttodothat.Discussbothviewsandgiveyouownopinion.
Somepeoplethinkthatrobotsareveryimportantforhumans'futuredevelopment.Others,however,thinkthatrobotsareadangerousinventionthatcouldhavenegativeeffectsonsociety.Discussbothviewsandgiveyouropinion.
Somepeoplethinkthattheincreasinguseofcomputersandmobilephonesforcommunicationhashadanegativeeffectonyoungpeople'sreadingandwritingskills.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree
工作类
Insomecountriesitisillegalforcompaniestorejectjobapplicantsfortheirage.Isthispositiveornegativetothedevelopment
Countrieswithalongaverageworkingtimearemoreeconomicallysuccessfulthanthosecountrieswhichdonothavealongworkingtime.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree
媒体类
Inmanycountriestelevisionshowsmanyforeign-madeprogrammers.Thedominanceofimportedentertainmentisharmfultotheculturesofthesecountries.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree
Researchshowsthatovereatingcanbejustasharmfulassmoking.Thus,theadvertisingofcertainfoodproductsshouldbebanned,ascigaretteisbannedinmanycountries.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree
旅游类
Tourismisamultibillion-dollarindustrythatsupportseconomicdevelopment.Howeversomepeoplethinkthatitcausestoomuchdamagetothelocalenvironmentandculture.Doyouagreeordisagree
Foreigntouristsabroadshouldbechargedmorethanlocalpeoplewhenvisitingthelocalhistoricalandculturaltouristattractions.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree
其他类
Somepeoplebelievefamouspeople'ssupporttowardsinternationalaidorganizationsdrawstheattentiontoproblems,whileothersthinkcelebritiesmaketheproblemslessimportant.Discussbothviewsandgiveyouropinion.
Somepeopleprefertoprovidehelpandsupportdirectlytothosewhoneeditintheirlocalcommunity.Others,however,prefertogivemoneytonationalandinternationalcharitableorganizations.Discussbothsidesandgiveyourownopinion.
以下为重点话题及范文解析：
题目：Somepeoplesaythebestwaytosolvetheenvironmentalproblemistoraisethepriceoffuel,towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree？
题型：同意与否型
话题：环境类
解题思路：本题的任务是问“是否同意解决环境问题的最好办法是提高燃油价格”。通常，对于这种绝对类的命题，我们选择的观点是不同意，这样会比较好写。提高燃油价格貌似可以减少人们对驾驶私家车的需求，其实不然。然后说明还有其他更好的可替代方案来解决环境问题。
Today,environmentalpollutionisaveryseriousproblemthatworriestheworld.Somepeopleascribethisissuetotheoverconsumptionoffuelandsuggestthathikingthefuelpricecanbethebestsolution.Personally,Idonotagree.
Itisplausiblethatifthefuelpriceissoaring,morecarownerswillopttodrivelessandusepublictransportinstead,whichisenvironmentallysound.However,itdoesnotnecessarilyworkthatway.Severalstudieshavefoundthattheriseoffossilfuelpricehasonlyatinyimpactonitsdemand.Thisisbecausethecostoffuel,evenafterthepricerise,isstillcomparativelylowerthanotherdailynecessitiesandtherefore,isaffordableformostconsumers.Ifthepriceoffuelincreasestoalargedegree,itwillhaveanunfavourableeffectonthenationaleconomy.
Despitethis,thereareotheralternativemeasurescanbetakentohelpmitigatetheenvironmentalproblems.Oneofthemostsustainablesolutionsistoeducatethepublictoraisetheirconsciousnessofpollutionprevention.Itisclearthatthepollutionarisesmainlyduetohuman’slackofawarenessandtheirirresponsiblebehaviourstowardstheenvironment.Therefore,comparedwithraisingthefuelprice,itismoreeffectivetomakeenvironmentalprotectionawayoflifeamongthecitizens.Anotherpossiblesolutioncanbethedevelopmentofpollution-freeproductslikehybridvehiclesaswellasemployingrecycledmaterialsinmanufacturing.
Inconclusion,whenitcomestopreventingenvironmentalpollutions,raisingthepriceoffuelisnotaneffectivewaytosolvethetrouble.Ibelievethateachindividual’sefforttosavetheearthandtheuseofeco-friendlymaterialsinindustriesaremorepractical.
①ascribe…to…:把……归因于……
②hike:v.使大幅上升
③environmentallysound:对环境无害的
④toalargedegree:很大程度上
⑤mitigate:v.缓解
⑥sustainable:adj.可持续的
⑦hybridvehicles:混合动力车
李敏老师
沪江网校雅思教研，英国杜伦大学毕业；英文专业8级；高中英语教师资格证书等，主攻雅思托福等留学考试。参与沪江网校WorldEnglishA2和B1、新版雅思6.5分写作、新版雅思7分写作等课程的设计规划与制作。
【口语】
以下为本场考试部分高频话题解析：
Part1
Music
Whendoyoulistentomusic
参考答案：
There’snofixedtime.BasicallyI’lllistentomusicwheneverIhavetimeorIaminthemood.ForexampleIoftenlistentomusiconthesubway,duringbreaks,orbeforegoingtobed.
Howmuchtimedoyouspendlisteningtomusiceveryday
Notmuch.Onehouratmost.BecauseI’mverybusywithmywork,soIdon’treallyhavemuchtimelisteningtomusic.ButIwouldgotoconcertsfromtimetotime,inthatcaseImightspendhourslisteningtomyfavoritebandorsinger.
Whatkindsofmusicdoyoulistento
I’dliketolistentomanykindsofmusic.Forexamplepopmusic,rockmusicandclassicalmusic.ButifIhavetochooseaparticularone,Iwouldgoforclassicalmusic,becauseitcancalmmedownwhenIfeelstressed.
Haveyoueverbeentoaconcertbefore
Yes,veryoften.AndIgotodifferentconcerts,likerockconcertsorclassicalconcerts.Ithinkit’sagoodwaytorelaxmyselfandenjoysomeexcellentperformances.
Part2&3
Part2题目
Describeaperfectvacationyouwouldliketohaveinthefuture.
Youshouldsay:
Whereyouwanttogo
Whenyouwouldliketogo
Whatyouwanttodo
Whoyouwanttogowith
Andexplainwhyitwouldaperfectvacation.
提示：
Speakingofaperfectvacation,I’dliketogotoIcelandtoseetheaurora.ActuallyI’vedonesomeresearchonline,anditissaidthatthelighthouseinthecapitalReykjavikisagoodspottoseetheaurora.AndpeopleusuallygotherebetweenDecemberandFebruaryasitistheactiveseasonfortheaurora,butstormisalsoquitefrequentduringthisperiod,Imightnotbeabletoseethespectacularview.SoI’mthinkingofgoingtherebetweenAugustandOctoberastheweatherwouldbemuchbetter.IfIhavethechance,I’dliketogotoIcelandwithmyfamily,wecanlieinthefamousIceHouseandwatchthestunningaurora.
IthinkitwouldbeaperfectvacationbecausetheauroraisoneofthenaturalwondersI’veneverseenbefore,anditislikeamustinmytravellinglist,anditwouldbemuchhappierifIcangowithmyfamilybecauseIdon’thavemuchtimetobewiththemduringworkdays.Inaddition,Ialsofoundapackagetouronline,whichmeansIwouldn’thavetoworrytoomuchabouttheaccommodationandtransport.ThishelpsalotbecauseI’venoideaaboutthelocalsituation.
重点词汇及表达：
①aurora：名词；极光
Eg：Theprotonauroraisinvisibletothenakedeyeandhasneverbeenviewedfromspace.
②spectacular:形容词；壮观的，惊人的
Eg：GreatJohnStreethasprettyspectacularrooms,withEgyptiancottonsheetsandfree-standingbaths.
③stunning:形容词；极好的
Eg：Movies,musicandgamescomealivewithfullandclearsoundtoaccompanystunningvisuals.
④packagetour:词组；包价旅游，套餐游，跟团游
Eg：ThecompanyalsobelievesthatSouthEastAsiaoffersahugeopportunityinthehotelsandpackagetourbusiness.
Part3题目
1.Doyoulikelongvacationsorshortvacations
Ipreferlongvacations.Therearequiteafewshortholidaysinmycountry,liketheDragonBoatFestivalortheMid-autumnDay.Theseareathree-dayholiday,basicallyit’sjustaweekendplusonedayoff,soitmakesnodifference.ThereforeIreallylongforSpringFestivalorNationalHoliday,atleasttherearesevendaysoffandIcanfullyrecoverfromaproperrest.
①dayoff：词组；放假，休息
Eg：Hedecidedthathewouldtakethenextdayoffandresumeworkthefollowingday.
②proper:形容词；适当的，恰当的，合适的
Eg：Thearmymustbekittedoutwithpropermedicalsupplies.
2.What'sthemostpopulartouristattractioninChina
That’saveryinterestingquestion.AsChinaisaveryhugecountry,therearelotsofpopulartouristattractionsineverysingleprovince.Frommyperspective,IthinkthemostrepresentativeoneistheForbiddenCity.Asitusedtobethepalaceforseveraldynasties,itistheessenceofChineseculture.
①representative：形容词；典型的，有代表性的
Eg：TheseInsuranceInstitutefiguresareafewyearsold,buttheyarethelatestavailableandstillrepresentative.
②essence：名词；本质，精华
Eg：Wechangeenvironments,changecountriesandjobs,changehomes,butouressenceisimmutable.
3.What'sthemostimportantfactorforatouristattraction
Wellit’sdifficulttosay.Iguessit’ssafety.Asmanypeoplewillflushtotouristattractionsespeciallyonholidays,sosafetyisofgreatsignificance.Thestaffshouldmakesurethattheescaperouteisclear,andallthefacilitiesandequipmentareingoodconditions,ofcoursemedicalassistanceisalsoneeded.
①significance：名词；意义，重要性
Eg：Thecouncilhaspreparedareportwhichreviewsthestadium'shistoryandassessesitssignificance.
②escaperoute:词组；疏散通道，逃生路线
Eg：Andtherewasnoemergencylightingtoshowthequickestescaperoute,headded.
4.Doyouthinkweshouldhavemorepublicholidays
Definitely.Wedohaveafewthree-daypublicholidays,inmanycasesit’sjustaweekendplusonedayoff,andwehavetoworkforonemoredaytomakeupthisonedayoff,soitmakesnodifferenceatall.Andthereareonlyfivedaysfortheannualleaveinmanycompanies.Weareindeedinagreatneedofmorerealpublicholidays.
①makeup：词组；弥补
Eg：They'lldoalltheycantomakeuptheeconomiclosses.
②annualleave:词组；年假
Eg：Theteammembersweretakingannualleaveinordertomaketheweek-longtrip.
本次口语解析由以下沪江留学老师产出
黄函老师
沪江网校首席雅思口语名师；英国谢菲尔德大学毕业；英文专业8级；5年以上英文教学经验。