Section1&Section2重点场景（生活类）：事故报告，招聘面试，医疗健康，选课须知，旅行住宿，剧院环境介绍，公园导览，校园设施导览。
Section3&Section4重点场景（学术类）：校园活动，动物讲座，选课咨询，课程讨论，流程介绍，作业反馈，论文讨论，金融与商业，心理学。
Section1
Questions1-10
Completethenotesbelow.
WriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSorANUMBERforeachanswer.
Example
Thewomanwasgettingsomethingforlunchwhentheaccidenthappened.
Accidentreport
Timeofaccident:(1)_____
DriverfailedtostopatthejunctionofMonksRoadandHighStreet.
Therewere(2)_____peopleinthecar.allaround
20yearsold.
Thecarhitawomanonher(3)_____
Thecarwaslastseenheadingtowardsthe(4)
The(5)_____atthejunctionareoutoforder.
ThecarmayhavebeenaredFordFiesta.Oneofthecardoorsis(6)_____
Registrationnumber:Y48(7)_____
Witnessname:Rita(8)_____
Address:19.(9)_____
Telephonenumber:0232566788Mobilenumber:(10)07834_____
Section2
Questions11-12
Choosethecorrectletter,A,BorC.
11Thespeakersayssolarpanels
Aareexpensive.
Bshouldbeconsideredmoreseriously.
Carenotverypopular.
12Inthespeakersopinion,mostpeople
Aneglecttoturntheheatingdown.
Bwashtheirclothestoooften.
Cdonotusethekitchenefficiently.
Questions13-20
Energy-savingtips
Livingin(13)_____accommodationCheckwindowsanddoorsfordraughts.
Don'tleavelaptopsandTVson(14)overnight.
Don’tuse(15)_____thanyouneedwhenmakinghotdrinks.
Put(16)_____potsandpanswhenboilingwater.
Wherepossible,avoidplacingtherefrigeratornexttothe
(17)_____
Remembertoturndownthefridgetemperaturecontrolinthe(18)_____
Don'tforgetto(19)_____thefreezeranddon'tputtoomuchfoodinit
Reducethetemperatureofyourwashingmachineto(20)_____degrees
Section3
Questions21-25
Choosethecorrectletter,ABorC.
21WhatdidAlicedowhenshefirstarrivedattheuniversityOpenDay
AShehadacoffee.
BShelookedaroundthecampus.
CShewenttooneoftheevents.
22WhichofthefollowingisNOTonthecampus
Aasupermarket
BabankCabookshop
23WhydoesOliverthinkitisagoodideatoregister
ATheuniversitywillknowyouattended.
BYougetaninformationpack.
CYoucannotattendeventsunlessyouregister.
24WhatisthemainfactorforAliceinherchoiceofuniversity
Aitsfacilities
Bitslinkstoindustry
Cthenumberofmaturestudents
25WhichareaofworkisOliverinterestedin
Ateaching
Bfinance
Csoftwaredevelopment
Questions26-28
WhatdoesAlicesayabouttheeventsintheafternoon
Writethecorrectletter.A,BorCnexttoQuestions26-28.
Questions29-30
AShewillattend.
BShemightattend.
CShewillnotattend.
26atalkabouttheyearabroad
27theexhibitioninthePhysicsDepartment
28atalkbytheheadofdepartment
29Whichemployersofferonlyunpaidwork
Aaccountancyfirms
Btheuniversity
Ccampusretailoutlets
30Oliver
Aplanstoliveathomeifhegetsaplaceattheuniversity.
Bwillliveoncampusifhegetsaplaceattheuniversity.
Cdoesnotyetknowwherehewillliveifhegetsaplaceattheuniversity.
Section4
PygmyBlueWhaleResearch
Pygmybluewhales:Before1966itislikelytheywere(31)_____withtheAntarcticbluewhales.
Method:Whalesaretaggedwithanantenna.Whentheantennacommunicateswithanumberofsatellites,thewhale's(33)_____canbeidentified.
Researchersaccesstheresultsusingtheproject(34)_____
Findings:Thewhalestravelfromthe(35)_____ofAustraliatobreedinggroundsinIndonesiaduringMarchandApril,andreturntoAustralianwatersin(36)_____Pygmywhalesdonotgowithout(37)_____whilsttheyareintheirbreedinggrounds.
Conservationissues:Theeffectof(38)_____routesoncommunicationbetweenwhales.
Conservationeffortscantakeplaceovera(n)(39)_____areanowthereisevidencethattheymigrateoutofAustralianwaters.
Futurestudies:ToexplorewhetherpygmywhalesoffthesoutherncoastofAustraliafollowthesamenortherlymigratoryroutesasthosestudiedorwhethertheytraveltoa(n)(40)_____
Keys
11.15/onefifteen/quarterpastone
2three/3
3bicycle/bike
4towncentre
5trafficlights
6damaged
7BYW
8Stansfield
9AlthorpeRoad
10889772
11A
12C
13older/old
14standby
15morewater
16alidon/lidson
17cooker
18(colder)winter(months)
19defrost
20thirty/30
21B
22A
23A
24C
25C
26C
27B
28A
29A
30C
31confused
32populations
33location
34website
35westcoast
36September
37food/feeding
38shipping
39wider
40subtropical
【阅读】
READINGPASSAGE1
Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions1-13,whicharebasedonReadingPassage1below.
Bovids
ThefamilyofmammalscalledbovidsbelongstotheArtiodactylclass,whichalsoincludesgiraffes.Bovidsarehighlydiversegroupconsistingof137species,someofwhichareman’smostimportantdomesticanimals.
BovidsarewellrepresentedinmostpartsofEurasiaandSoutheastAsianislands,buttheyarebyfarthemostnumerousanddiverseinthelatter.Somespeciesofbovidaresolitary,butothersliveinlargegroupswithcomplexsocialstructures.Althoughbovidshaveadaptedtoawiderangeofhabitats,fromarctictundratodeeptropicalforest,themajorityofspeciesfavouropengrassland,scrubordesert.Thisdiversityofhabitatisalsomatchedbygreatdiversityinsizeandform:atoneextremeistheroyalantelopeofWestAfrica,whichstandsamere25cmattheshoulder;attheother,themassivelybuiltbisonsofNorthAmericaandEurope,growingtoashoulderheightof2.2m.
Despitedifferencesinsizeandappearance,bovidsareunitedbythepossessionofcertaincommonfeatures.Allspeciesareruminants,whichmeansthattheyretainundigestedfoodintheirstomachs,andregurgitateitasnecessary.Bovidsarealmostexclusivelyherbivorous.Typicallytheirteetharehighlymodifiedforbrowsingandgrazing:grassorfoliageiscroppedwiththeupperlipandlowerincisors(theupperincisorsareusuallyabsent),andthengrounddownbythecheekteeth.Aswellashavingcloven,orsplit,hooves,themalesofallbovidspeciesandthefemalesofmostcarryhorns.Bovidhornshavebonycorescoveredinasheathofhornymaterialthatisconstantlyrenewedfromwithin;theyareunbranchedandnevershed.Theyvaryinshapeandsize:therelativelysimplehornsofalargeIndianbuffalomaymeasurearound4mfromtiptotipalongtheoutercurve,whilethevariousgazelleshavehornswithavarietyofelegantcurves.
Fivegroups,orsub-families,maybedistinguished:Bovinae,Antelope,Caprinae,CephalophinaeandAntilocapridae.Thesub-familyBovinaecomprisesmostofthelargerbovids,includingtheAfricanbongo,andnilgae,eland,bisonandcattle.Unlikemostotherbovidstheyareallnon-territorial.Theancestorsofthevariousspeciesofdomesticcattlebanteng,gaur,yakandwaterbuffaloaregenerallyrareandendangeredinthewild,whiletheauroch(theancestorofthedomesticcattleofEurope)isextinct.
Theterm‘antelope’isnotaveryprecisezoologicalname-itisusedtolooselydescribeanumberofbovidsthathavefolloweddifferentlinesofdevelopment.Antelopesaretypicallylong-legged,fast-runningspecies,oftenwithlonghornsthatmaybelaidalongthebackwhentheanimalisinfullflight.Therearetwomainsub-groupsofantelope:Hippotraginae,whichincludestheoryxandtheaddax,andAntilopinae,whichgenerallycontainsslighterandmoregracefulanimalssuchasgazelleandthespringbok.Antelopesaremainlygrasslandspecies,butmanyhaveadaptedtofloodedgrasslands:pukus,waterbucksandlechwesareallgoodatswimming,usuallyfeedingindeepwater,whilethesitatungahaslong,splayedhoovesthatenableittowalkfreelyonswampyground.
Thesub-familyCaprinaeincludesthesheepandthegoat,togetherwithvariousrelativessuchasthegoralandthetahr.Mostarewoollyorhavelonghair.Severalspecies,suchaswildgoats,chamoisandibex,areagilecliff-andmountain-dwellers.Toleranceofextremeconditionsismostmarkedinthisgroup:Barbaryandbighornsheephaveadaptedtoariddeserts,whileRockyMountainsheepsurvivehighupinmountainsandmuskoxeninarctictundra.
TheduikerofAfricabelongstotheCephalophinaesub-family.Itisgenerallysmallandsolitary,oftenlivinginthickforest.Althoughmainlyfeedingongrassandleaves,someduikers-unlikemostotherbovids-arebelievedtoeatinsectsandfeedondeadanimalcarcasses,andeventokillsmallanimals.
ThepronghornisthesolesurvivorofaNewWorldsub-familyofherbivorousruminants,theAntilocapridaeinNorthAmerica.ItissimilarinappearanceandhabitstotheOldWorldantelope.AlthoughgreatlyreducedinnumberssincethearrivalofEuropeans,andthesubsequentenclosureofgrasslands,thepronghornisstillfoundinconsiderablenumbersthroughoutNorthAmerica,fromWashingtonStatetoMexico.Whenalarmedbytheapproachofwolvesorotherpredators,hairsonthepronghorn’srumpstanderect,soshowingandemphasisingthewhitepatchthere.
Atthissignal,thewholeherdgallopsoffatspeedofover60kmperhour.
Questions1-3
Choosethecorrectletter,A,B,CorD.
Writethecorrectletterinboxes1-3onyouranswersheet.
1Inwhichregionisthebiggestrangeofbovidstobefound
AAfrica
BEurasia
CNorthAmerica
DSouth-eastAsia
2Mostbovidshaveapreferenceforlivingin
Aisolation
Bsmallgroups
Ctropicalforest
Dwideopenspaces
3Whichofthefollowingfeaturesdoallbovidshaveincommon
ATheirhornsareshot
BTheyhaveupperincisors
CTheystorefoodinthebody
DTheirhoovesareundivided
Questions4-8
Lookatthefollowingcharacteristics(Question4-8)andthelistofsub-familiesbelow.Matcheachcharacteristicwiththecorrectsub-family,A,B,CorD.
Writethecorrectletter,A,B,CorD,inboxes4-8onyouranswersheet.
NBYoumayuseanylettermorethanonce
4canendureveryharshenvironments
5includestheoxandthecow
6maysupplementitsdietwithmeat
7canusuallymoveatspeed
8doesnotdefendaparticularareaofland
Listofsub-families
AAntelope
BBovinae
CCaprinae
DCephalophinae
Question9-13
Answerthequestionsbelow.
ChooseNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSfromthepassageforeachanswer.
Writeyouranswersinboxes9-13onyouranswersheet.
9WhatisthesmallestspeciesofBovidcalled
10WhichspeciesofBovinaehasnowdiedout
11Whatfacilitatesthemovementofthesitatungaoverwetland
12Whatsortofterraindobarbarysheeplivein
13WhatistheonlylivingmemberoftheAntilocapridaesub-family
READINGPASSAGE2
Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions14-26,whicharebasedonReadingPassage2below.
Photovoltaicsontherooftop
Anaturalchoiceforpoweringthefamilyhome
AInthepast,urbanhomeownershavenotalwayshadmuchchoiceinthewayelectricityissuppliedtotheirhomes.Now,however,thereisachoice,andarapidlyincreasingnumberofhouseholdsworldwidearechoosingthesolarenergyoption.Solarenergy,theconversionofsunlightintoenergy,ismadepossiblethroughtheuseof'photovoltaics',whicharesimpleappliancesthatfitontotheroofofahouse.
BThephotovoltaics-poweredhomeremainsconnectedtothepowerlines,butnostorageisrequiredon-site,onlyaboxofelectronics(theinverter)totheinterfacebetweenthephotovoltaicsandthegridnetwork.Figure1illustratesthesystem.Duringtheday,whenthehomemaynotbeusingmuchelectricity,excesspowerfromthesolararrayisfedbacktothegrid,tofactoriesandofficesthatneeddaytimepower.Atnight,powerflowstheoppositeway.Thegridnetworkeffectivelyprovidesstorage.Ifthedemandforelectricityiswellmatchedtowhenthesunshines,solarenergyisespeciallyvaluable.ThisoccursinplaceslikeCaliforniaintheUSandJapan,whereair-conditioningloadsforofficesandfactoriesarelargebutheatingloadsforhomesaresmall.
CThefirstsystematicexplorationoftheuseofphotovoltaicsonhomesbeganintheUSduringthe1970s.Awell-conceivedprogramstartedwiththesittingofanumberofresidentialexperimentstations'atselectedlocationsaroundthecountry,representingdifferentclimaticzones.Thesestationscontainedanumberof'dummy'houses,eachwithadifferentsolar-energysystemdesign.Homeswithinthecommunitiesclosetothesestationsweremonitoredtoseehowwelltheirenergyusematchedtheenergygeneratedbythestations'dummyroofs.AchangeinUSgovernmentprioritiesintheearly1980shaltedthisprogram.
DWiththeUSeffortdroppingaway,theJapaneseSunshineProjectcametothefore.AlargeresidentialteststationwasinstalledonRokkoIslandbeginningin1986.Thisinstallationconsistsof18'dummy'homes.Eachequippedwithitsown2-5kilowattphotovoltaicsystem(about20-50squaremetersforeachsystem).Someofthesesimulatedhomeshavetheirownelectricalappliancesinside,suchasTVsets,refrigeratorsandairconditioningunits,whichswitchonandoffundercomputercontrolprovidingalavishlifestyleforthenon-existentoccupants.Fortheothersystems,electronicssimulatethesehouseholdloads.Thisteststationhasallowedthetechnicalissuesinvolvedinusingphotovoltaicswithintheelectricitynetworktobeexploredinasystematicway,underwell-controlledtestconditions.Withnoinsurmountableproblemsidentified,theJapanesehaveusedtheexperiencegainedfromthisstationtobegintheirownmassiveresidentialphotovoltaicscampaign.
EMeanwhile,Germanybeganaveryimportant'1,000roofprogram'in1990,aimedatinstallingphotovoltaicsontheroofsof1,000privatehomes.Largefederalandregionalgovernmentsubsidieswereinvolved,accountinginmostcasesfor70%ofthetotalsystemcosts.Theprogramprovedimmenselypopular,forcingitsextensiontoover2,000homesscatteredacrossGermany.ThesuccessofthisprogramstimulatedotherEuropeancountriestolaunchsimilarprograms.
FJapan's'onemillionroofprogram'waspromptedbytheexperiencegainedintheRokkoIslandtestsiteandthesuccessoftheGerman1,000roofprogram.TheinitiallyquotedaimsoftheJapaneseNewEnergyDevelopmentOrganizationweretohave70,000homesequippedwiththephotovoltaicsbytheyear2000,onthewayto1millionby2010.Theprogrammadeamodeststartin1994,when539systemswereinstalledwithagovernmentsubsidyof50percent.Underthisprogram,entirenewsuburbandevelopmentsareusingphotovoltaics.
GTheJapaneseinitiativeinembracingresidentialphotovoltaicsonalargescalepromptedresponsesinbothEuropeandtheUS.TheEuropeanCommissionhascalledforonemillionsolarresidentialsystemsbeforetheyear2010,with500,000inEuropeand500,000inthedevelopingworld,tobesubsidisedbytheCommission.In1997,asimilaronemillionrooftargetwasannouncedintheUS.Sincethen,severalothercountriesincludingGermany,Italy,theNetherlandsandAustralia,haveannouncedtheirowntargetsforresidentialphotovoltacis.
HThisisgoodnews,notonlyforthephotovoltaicindustry,butforeveryoneconcernedwiththeenvironment.Theuseoffossilfuelstogenerateelectricityisnotonlycostlyinfinancialterms,butalsointermsofenvironmentaldamage.Gasesproducedbytheburningoffossilfuelsintheproductionofelectricityareamajorcontributortothegreenhouseeffect.Todealwiththisproblem,manygovernmentsarenowproposingstringenttargetsontheamountofgreenhousegasemissionspermitted.Thesetargetsmeanthatallsourcesofgreenhousegasemissionsincludingresidentialelectricityuse,willreceivecloserattentioninthefuture.
IItislikelythatinthefuture,governmentswilldevelopbuildingcodesthatattempttoconstraintheenergydemandsofnewhousing.Forexample,theuseofphotovoltaicsortheequivalentmaybestipulatedtolessendemandsonthegridnetworkandhencereducefossilfuelemissions.Approvalsforbuildingrenovationsmayalsobeconditionalupontakingsuchenergy-savingmeasures.Ifthisweretohappen,everyonewouldbenefit.Althoughthereisaninitialcostinattachingthesystemtotherooftop,thehouseholder'soutlayissooncompensatedwiththesavingsonenergybills.Inaddition,everyonelivingontheplanetstandstogainfromthemorebenignenvironmentalimpact.
Question14-19
ReadingPassage2hasnineparagraphsA-I.Whichparagraphcontainsthefollowinginformation
WritethecorrectletterA-Iinboxes14-19onyouranswersheet.
14examplesofcountrieswhereelectricityuseisgreaterduringthedaythanatnight
15adetaileddescriptionofanexperimentthatledtophotovoltaicsbeingpromotedthroughoutthecountry
16thenegativeeffectsofusingconventionalmeansofgeneratingelectricity
17anexplanationofthephotovoltaicssystem
18thelong-termbenefitsofusingphotovoltaics
19areferencetowealthycountriesbeingpreparedtohelplesswealthycountrieshaveaccesstophotovoltaics
Questions20-26
DothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninReadingPassage2
Inboxes20-26onyouranswersheet,write
TRUEifthestatementagreeswiththeinformation
FALSEifthestatementcontradictstheinformation
NOTGIVENifthereisnoinformationonthis
20Photovoltaicsareusedtostoreelectricity.
21Sincethe1970s,theUSgovernmenthasprovidedcontinuoussupportfortheuseofphotovoltaicsonhomes.
22Thesolar-poweredhousesonRokkoIslandareuninhabited.
23In1994,theJapanesegovernmentwasprovidinghalfthemoneyrequiredforinstallingphotovoltaicsonhomes.
24Germany,Italy,theNetherlandsandAustraliaallhavestrictgoalswithregardtogreenhousegasemissions.
25Residentialelectricityuseisthemajorsourceofgreenhousegasemission.
26Energy-savingmeasuresmustnowbeincludedinthedesignofallnewhomesandimprovementstobuildings.
READINGPASSAGE3
Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions27-40,whicharebasedonReadingPassage3below.
Questions27-31
ReadingPassage3hassixsections,A-F.
ChoosethecorrectheadingforsectionsB-Ffromthelistofheadingsbelow.Writethecorrectnumber,i-ix,inboxes27-31onyouranswersheet.
ListofHeadings
iDisagreementaboutthereadingprocess
iiTherootsofthedebate
inAcombinedapproach
ivMethodsofteachingreading
VAcontroversialapproach
viInconclusiveresearch
viiResearchwithlearners
viiiAllowingteachersmorecontrol
ixAdebateamongsteducators
ExampleSectionAix
27SectionB
28SectionC
29SectionD
30SectionE
31SectionF
Howshouldreadingbetaught
ByKeithKayneranBarbaraRFoorman
ALearningtospeakisautomaticforalmostallchildren,butlearningtoreadrequireselaborateinstructionandconsciouseffort.Wellawareofthedifficulties,educatorshavegivenagreatdealofthoughttohowtheycanbesthelpchildrenlearntoread.Nosinglemethodhastriumphed.Indeed,heatedargumentsaboutthemostappropriateformofreadinginstructioncontinuetopolarisetheteachingcommunity.
BThreegeneralapproacheshavebeentried.Inone,calledwhole-wordinstruction,childrenlearnbyrotehowtorecogniseataglanceavocabularyof50to100words.Thentheygraduallyacquireotherwords,oftenthroughseeingthemusedoverandoveragaininthecontextofastory.
Speakersofmostlanguageslearntherelationshipbetweenlettersandthesoundsassociatedwiththem(phonemes).Thatis,childrenaretaughthowtousetheirknowledgeofthealphabettosoundoutwords.Thisprocedureconstitutesasecondapproachtoteachingreading-phonics.
Manyschoolshaveadoptedadifferentapproach:thewhole-languagemethod.Thestrategyherereliesonthechild’sexperiencewithlanguage.Forexample,studentsareofferedengagingbooksandareencouragedtoguessthewordsthattheydonotknowbyconsideringthecontextofthesentenceorbylookingforcluesinthestorylineandillustrations,ratherthantryingtosoundthemout.
Manyteachersadoptedthewhole-languageapproachbecauseofitsintuitiveappeal.Makingreadingfunpromisestokeepchildrenmotivated,andlearningtoreaddependsmoreonwhatthestudentdoesthanonwhattheteacherdoes.Thepresumedbenefitsofwhole-languageinstruction—andthecontrasttotheperceiveddullnessofphonics-ledtoitsgrowingacceptanceacrossAmericaduringthe1990s,andamovementawayfromphonics.
CHowever,manylinguistsandpsychologistsobjectedstronglytotheabandonmentofphonicsinAmericanschools.WhywasthissoInshort,becauseresearchhadclearlydemonstratedthatunderstandinghowlettersrelatedtothecomponentsoundsinwordsiscriticallyimportantinreading.Thisconclusionrests,inpart,onknowledgeofhowexperiencedreadersmakesenseofwordsonapage.
Advocatesofwhole-languageinstructionhavearguedforcefullythatpeopleoftenderivemeaningsdirectlyfromprintwithouteverdeterminingthesoundoftheword.Somepsychologiststodayacceptthisview,butmostbelievethatreadingistypicallyaprocessofrapidlysoundingoutwordsmentally.Compellingevidenceforthiscomesfromexperimentswhichshowthatsubjectsoftenconfusehomophones(wordsthatsoundthesame,suchas‘rose’and‘rows').Thissupportstheideathatreadersconvertstringsofletterstosounds.
DInordertoevaluatedifferentapproachestoteachingreading,anumberofexperimentshavebeencarriedout,firstlywithcollegestudents,thenwithschoolpupils.InvestigatorstrainedEnglish-speakingcollegestudentstoreadusingunfamiliarsymbolssuchasArabicletters(thephonicsapproach),whileanothergrouplearnedentirewordsassociatedwithcertainstringsofArabicletters(whole-word).Thenbothgroupswererequiredtoreadanewsetofwordsconstructedfromtheoriginalcharacters.Ingeneral,readerswhoweretaughttherulesofphonicscouldreadmanymorenewwordsthanthosetrainedwithawhole-wordprocedure.
Classroomstudiescomparingphonicswitheitherwhole-wordorwhole-languageinstructionarealsoquiteilluminating.Oneparticularlypersuasivestudycomparedtwoprogrammesusedin20first-gradeclassrooms.Halfthestudentswereofferedtraditionalreadinginstruction,whichincludedtheuseofphonicsdrillsandapplications.Theotherhalfweretaughtusinganindividualisedmethodthatdrewfromtheirexperienceswithlanguage;thesechildrenproducedtheirownbookletsofstoriesanddevelopedsetsofwordstoberecognised(commoncomponentsofthewhole-languageapproach).Thisstudyfoundthatthefirstgroupscoredhigheratyear’sendontestsofreadingandcomprehension.
EIfresearchersaresoconvincedabouttheneedforphonicsinstruction,whydoesthedebatecontinueBecausethecontroversyisenmeshedinthephilosophicaldifferencesbetweentraditionalandprogressive(ornew)approaches,differencesthathavedividededucatorsforyears.Theprogressiveschallengetheresultsoflaboratorytestsandclassroomstudiesonthebasisofabroadphilosophicalscepticismaboutthevaluesofsuchresearch.Theychampionstudent-centredlearningandteacherempowerment.Sadly,theyfailtorealisethattheseveryadmirableeducationalvaluesareequallyconsistentwiththeteachingofphonics.
FIfschoolsofeducationinsistedthatwould-bereadingteacherslearnedsomethingaboutthevastresearchinlinguisticsandpsychologythatbearsonreading,theirgraduateswouldbemoreeagertousephonicsandwouldbepreparedtodosoeffectively.Theycouldallowtheirpupilstoapplytheprinciplesofphonicswhilereadingforpleasure.Usingwhole-languageactivitiestosupplementphonicsinstructioncertainlyhelpstomakereadingfunandmeaningfulforchildren,sonoonewouldwanttoseesuchtoolsdiscarded.Indeed,recentworkhasindicatedthatthecombinationofliterature-basedinstructionandphonicsismorepowerfulthaneithermethodusedalone.
Teachersneedtostrikeabalance.Butindoingso,weurgethemtorememberthatreadingmustbegroundedinafirmunderstandingoftheconnectionsbetweenlettersandsounds.Educatorswhodenythisrealityareneglectingdecadesofresearch.Theyarealsoneglectingtheneedsoftheirstudents.
Questions32-36
DothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninReadingPassage3
Inboxes32-36onyouranswersheet,write
32Thewhole-languageapproachrelatesletterstosounds.
33Manyeducatorsbelievethewhole-languageapproachtobethemostinterestingwaytoteachchildrentoread.
34Researchsupportsthetheorythatwereadwithoutlinkingwordstosounds.
35Researchhasshownthatthewhole-wordapproachislesseffectivethanthewhole-languageapproach.
36Researchhasshownthatphonicsismoresuccessfulthanboththewhole-wordandwhole-languageapproaches.
Questions37-40
CompletethesummaryofsectionsEandFusingthelistofwords,A-G,below.
Writethecorrectletter,A-G,inboxes37-40onyouranswersheet.
Intheteachingcommunity,37...................questiontheusefulnessofresearchintomethodsofteachingreading.Thesecriticsbelievethat38..................isincompatiblewithstudent-centredlearning.Inthefuture,teachersneedtobeawareof39.................sothattheyunderstandtheimportanceofphonics.Theyshouldnot,however,ignoretheideasof40.....................whichmakereadingenjoyableforlearners.
Athephonicsmethod
Bthewhole-wordmethod
Cthewhole-languagemethod
Dtraditionalists
Eprogressives
Flinguistics
Gresearchstudies
Passage1
1.D
2.D
3.C
4.C
5.B
6.D
7.A
8.B
9.royalantelope
10.theauroch
11.longslayedhooves
12.ariddesert
13.pronghorn
Passage2
14.B
15.D
16.H
17.B
18.I
19.G
20.FALSE
21.FALSE
22.TRUE
23.TRUE
24.NOTGIVEN
25.NOTGIVEN
26.FALSE
Passage3
27.iv
28.i
29.vii
30.ii
31.iii
32.FALSE
33.TRUE
34.FALSE
35.NOTGIVEN
36.TRUE
37.E
38.A
39.G
40.C
【写作】
A类小作文：
数据类图表
非数据类图表
表格
饼图(Hot)
流程图
线图
柱图(Hot)
地图(Hot)
以下为饼图例题及范文解析：
题目：ThechartsbelowshowinformationaboutplayersofelectronicgamesinSouthKoreain2003.Summarisetheinformationbyselectingandreportingthemainfeatures,andmakecomparisonswhererelevant.Writeatleast150words.
解题思路：
参考范文：
ThethreepiechartsindicatetheageandgenderdisparitiesofelectronicgameplayersinSouthKoreain2003,aswellasthepopularityofseveralbest-sellinggametypesduringthattime.Generallyspeaking,SouthKoreanplayersweremainlycomposedofmalesunder35yearsoldandtheactiongamewasthemostwelcomed.
Tobemorespecific,inSouthKorea,38%playerswereunder18,almostthesameproportionasthoseagedbetween18and35whotookupthelargestratioby39%,whilelessthanaquarterofplayerswereover35,roughly23%.Amoresignificantdifferencewasgenderdistribution:72%playersweremales,whichwasnearlythreetimesthepopulationoftheirfemalecounterparts.
Inregardtotheplayers’favouritegames,theonesrelatedtoactionundoubtedlyrankedthefirstwithaproportionof43%,followedbysportsandracinggames,takingup20%and17%respectively.Educationalandroleplayinggamessawthesamedistributionof7%andothertypesofgamesaccountedfortherestof6%.
重点表达：
①disparity:n.区别，差异
②genderdistributions:性别分布
③counterpart:n.同伴；对应物
④undoubtedly:adv.毫无疑问地
A类大作文：
政府与城市类
Somepeoplebelievethatthebestwaytobuildahappiersocietyistoensurethatthereareonlysmalldifferencesbetweentherichestandthepoorestmembers.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree
Somepeoplethinkthatthegovernmentshouldofferfinancialsupportandcaretooldpeople,whileothersthinkthatpeopleshouldsavemoneyfortheirfuturelife.Discussboththeseviewsandgiveyourownopinion.
Somepeoplesaythatgovernmentsshouldspendmoneyonmeasurestosavelanguagesthatareusedbyfewspeakers,whileothersbelieveit'sawasteoffinancialresources.Discussbothviewsandgiveyouropinion.
Thegovernmenthasthedutytoensurethatitscitizenshaveahealthydiet,whileothersbelievethisisindividuals'responsibility.Discussbothviewsandgiveyouropinion.
Thegovernmentshouldspendmoneyinpromotingsportandartinschool,ratherthansponsoringprofessionalsportsandarteventsincommunities.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree
Somepeoplesaidthegovernmentshouldn'tspendmoneyinbuildingtheatersandsportsstadiums;theyshouldspendmoremoneyonmedicalcareandeducation.Doyouagreeordisagree
Somepeoplethinkthatitismoreimportanttoplantmoretreesinopenareaintownsandcitiesthanprovidesmorehousing.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree
Somepeoplethinkitismoreimportantforgovernmenttospendpublicmoneyonpromotinghealthylifestyleinordertopreventillnessthantospenditonthetreatmentofpeoplewhoarealreadyill.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree
教育与学习类
Nowadays,mostpeoplelearnacademicstudyinuniversity,butothersthinkweshouldencouragetolearnvocationalskillsmore,doyouagreeordisagree
Thebestwaytoteachchildrentocooperateisthroughteamsportsatschool.Whatextentdoyouagreeordisagree
Somepeoplesaythatplayingcomputergamesisbadforchildrenineveryaspect.Otherssaythatplayingcomputergamescanhavepositiveeffectsonthewaychildrendevelop.Discussbothviewsandgiveyouropinion.
Somepeoplethinkthatinordertocontinueimprovingthequalityofhighschooleducation,studentsshouldbeencouragedtoevaluateandcriticizetheirteachers,whileothersassumethiscouldresultinthelossofrespectanddignityforteachers.Discussbothviewsandgiveyourownopinion.
Someworkingparentsbelievechildcarecenterscanprovidebestcareforchildren,whileothersthinkfamilymemberslikegrandparentscandoitbetter.Discussbothviewsandgiveyouropinion.
Incountries(wherethereishighunemploymentmostpupilsshouldbeofferedonlyprimaryeducation;thereisnopointinofferingsecondaryeducationtothosewhowillhavenohopeoffindingajob.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree
社会与家庭类
Inrecentyears,youngpeopleinmanycountrieschoosetolivebythemselves.Whatarethereasonsandisitpositiveornegativeforthedevelopmentofthesociety？
Nowadays,somepeoplethinkthecityisnolongeragoodplaceforchildren,theysuggestthatthecountryisabetterchoice.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree
科技与经济类
AnyonecanpostinformationontheInternet.SomepeoplesaymostofwhatwereadontheInternetisinaccurate.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree
Somepeoplethinkthatrobotsareveryimportantforhumans'futuredevelopment.Others,however,thinkthatrobotsareadangerousinventionthatcouldhavenegativeeffectsonsociety.Discussbothviewsandgiveyouropinion.
Somepeopleclaimthatpublicmuseumsandartgallerieswillnotbeneededbecausepeoplecanseehistoricalobjectsandworksofartbyusingacomputer.Doyouagreeordisagreewiththisopinion
Somepeoplearguethatthetechnologysuchasmobilephone(cellphone)destroyssocialinteraction.Doyouagreeordisagree
Millionsofdollarshavebeenspentonspaceresearch.Butsomebodysaysspaceresearchwastedmoney;theysupposemoneyshouldbeusedtoimprovehuman'slife.Doyouagreeordisagree
工作与生活类
Somepeoplethinkeveryoneshouldbeavegetarian,becausewedonotneedtoeatmeattohaveahealthydiet.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree
Interviewisthebasicformofselectingprocedureformostlargecompanies.Somepeoplethinkitisunreliableandtherearesomeotherbettermethods.Discussbothviewsandgiveyourownopinion.
Today,somefoodtravelsthousandsofmilesfromfarmstoconsumers.Somepeoplethinkthatitwouldbebettertoourenvironmentandeconomyifpeopleonlyeatlocalproducedfood.Towhatextentdothedisadvantagesoutweightheadvantages
Wecangetknowledgefromnews,butsomepeoplethinkwecannottrustthejournalist.WhatdoyouthinkWhatqualitiesdoyouthinkasuccessfuljournalistshouldhave
Thereisatendencythatnewsreportsinthemediafocusonproblemsandemergenciesratherthanpositivedevelopments.Itisharmfultotheindividualandtothesociety.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree
Advertisingdiscouragespeoplefrombeingdifferentindividualsbymakingusallwanttodothesameandlookthesame.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree
Researchshowsthatovereatingisasharmfulassmoking.Therefore,advertisingforcertainfoodproductsshouldbebanned,inthesamewayascigaretteadvertisingisbannedinmanycountries.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree
动物与环境类
Somepeoplethinkitisnecessarytouseanimalsfortestingmedicinesintendedforhumanuse.Others,however,thinkit'snotrighttodothat.Discussbothviewsandgiveyouownopinion.
文化与旅游类
Anincreasingnumberofmuseumstendtochargeadmissionfeesfromtouristsratherthanprovidingservicefreeofcharge.Doyouthinktheadvantagesoutweighthedisadvantages
Manydevelopingcountriesarecurrentlyexpandingtheirtouristindustries.WhyisthisthecaseIsitapositivedevelopment
法律与犯罪类
Somepeoplethinkmostcrimesaretheresultofcircumstanceslikepovertyandothersocialproblems.Othersbelievethattheyarecausedbypeoplewhoarebadinnature.Discussbothviewsandgiveyouropinion.
抽象与其他类
Somepeopleprefertoprovidehelpandsupportdirectlytothosewhoneeditintheirlocalcommunity.Others,however,prefertogivemoneytonationalandinternationalcharitableorganizations.Discussbothsidesandgiveyourownopinion.
Somepeoplebelievefamouspeople'ssupporttowardsinternationalaidorganizationsdrawstheattentiontoproblems,whileothersthinkcelebritiesmaketheproblemslessimportant.Discussbothviewsandgiveyouropinion.
以下为重点话题及范文解析：
题目：Manydevelopingcountriesarecurrentlyexpandingtheirtouristindustries.WhyisthisthecaseIsitapositivedevelopment
题型：混合类作文
话题：文化与旅游类
Tourisminunderdevelopednationsisgainingwidepopularitythesedaysduetogovernments’greateffortstoadvocateandexpandthiskindoftertiaryindustry.However,despitetherisingfiguresintheannualrevenues,Idonotregarditasapositivedevelopmentinthelongterm,especiallyfortheleastdevelopedcountries.
Undeniably,tourismisaneconomicenginewithgreatpotentialtodrivefinancialgrowthindevelopingregions.Presentingjaw-droppingsceneriestothetravelers,thenaturallandscapesalsostandasoneofthemostlow-costsourcesofincomeforthelessdevelopedcountries.Foreignersinterestedinexoticcultureandcustomsarewillingtospendmuchtoexperiencealifefarawayfromtheirfamiliarworld.Therefore,expandingsuchindustryisfavouredbythegovernmentsincetheeconomicreturnsarequickandobvious.
Apositivetrendasitseems,emphasisontourismindevelopingcountriesmaybringmoredisadvantagesinthelongrun.Oneofthemostobviouschallengeisthatpoorcountriesmaylosetheireconomicautonomywhenbecomingtooreliantonthissingularformofindustry.Tourismintheseareasareheavilydependentonexternalfactorssuchasclimate,consumers’tastesandforeignpoliciestowardthem,allofwhichareunstableandhardtocontrol.Oncesomethinggoeswrongintheindustry,thereisnoeasyremedytorecover.
Moreover,expandingtourismposesathreatof“braindrain”indevelopingnationssincejobpositionsinsuchindustryrequirelesseducationandtraining.Childrenlivinginplaceswithhighdemandforwaitersanddriverscertainlyhavelessaspirationtoattenduniversity,whichmightseriouslyperilthefutureofthenation.
Tosumup,focusingondevelopingtourismindeedbringsdeprivednationsinstantfinancialgains,thereforemanycountriesarecountingonittogetoutofpoverty.However,itdoesnotmeanwehavefoundapanaceaforthelessdevelopedcountries,anditisunwisetoheavilydependontourismorevenconsideritthelifebloodofthenation.
①annualrevenues:年度收入
②jaw-dropping:adj.令人惊讶的
③exotic:adj.异国情调的
④easyremedy:简单的补救方式
⑤braindrain:人才流失
⑥panacea:n.万能药，万能方案
⑦lifeblood:n.命脉
本次写作机经由以下沪江留学老师产出
王倩竹老师
沪江网校留学资深教研老师，同济大学英语语言文学硕士，主攻雅思托福等留学考试。参与沪江网校《雅思保七冲八》、UnlockA1-B2雅思能力课程、WorldEnglishB1、新版雅思6.5分阅读、新版雅思7分听力等课程的设计规划与制作，并帮助多名1V1学生达到雅思写作7分。
【口语】
以下为本场考试部分高频话题解析：
Part1
Maps
Doyouoftenusemaps
参考答案：
Well,IthinkitlargelydependsonhowfamiliarIamwiththeplaceItravelin.ImighthavetouseamaptohelpmegetmydestinationifIaminanewplace.However,amapwon’tbesousefulwhenIaminaplacewhereIhavelivedforalongtime.
Howoftendoyouuseamap
Well,notquiteoften.ImeanIamaguywhotendstostayathomealot.However,ImayhavetorefertoamapwhenIgoouttomeetmyfriendsforanappointment.Forinstance,myfriendspickarestaurantfordinner,butIhavenoideahowtogetthere.Inthiscase,Iwillrelyonamaptoshowmethesimplestwaytogettothatrestaurantintime.
Whotaughtyoutouseamap
Well,ifyoumeanpapermaps,IthinkitisprobablymyfatherwhodiditwhenIjuststartedlearninghowtoreadamapduringmiddleschool.However,ifyouaretalkingaboutelectronicmaps,IguessIlearneditmyselfasitissoeasytolearnandusewithanappinsmartphones.
Doyoupreferpapermapsorelectronicmaps
Obviously,Iprefertouseelectroniconesastheyaresoconvenienttocarryandusecomparedwithpaperones.However,ImayhavetouseapapermapwhenIgotovisitaparkasthatiswhattheyusuallyprovideforvisitors.
Part2&3
Part2
Describeasituation(oratime)whenyouhelpedsomeone.
Youshouldsay:
Whatthesituationwas
Whothepersonwas
Howyouhelpedtheperson
Andexplainhowyoufeltafterhelpingtheperson.
提示：
此话题属于“事件”类话题，助人为乐。此类问题有可能问的是你帮助别人，或者别人帮助你的情况，要注意灵活转换。可以描述很多情况，比如问路、搬家、辅导作业、工作中的帮助等等。在谈及感想时，根据所帮助的内容与结果的不同，可以谈助人为乐的好处，也可以谈一些伸手党，理所当然接受帮助的情况。
IrememberonetimewhenIwasonthesubway,therewasaforeignersittingbesideme,andhewastalkingtosomeoneelse,IthoughttheywerefriendssoIdidn’treallypayattention.Allofasudden,heturnedtomeandsaid“CanyouspeakEnglish”Iwasabitsurprisedandlookedatbothofthem.Itcameouttheydidn’tknoweachother,andtheforeignerwasactuallyaskingdirections,butthegirlbesidehimdoesn’tspeakEnglish.SoIhelpedtocheckhisaddressonBaidumap,andfoundoutthathetookthewrongsubway.Itoldhimthecorrectlineanddirection,andwrotedowntheaddresshewasabouttogoinPinyin.
Iwashappytohelpstrangers.TherewasonetimeIsawaboyhelpinganoldmancarrytheheavyluggageupstairs,andIwasmoved.ThistimeImyselfwasabletohelpsomeoneelseaswell.IfeltgreatthatIcanbeofsomehelptoothers.Itisimportantforustohelpeachotherandcreateahelpingsociety.
重点词汇及表达：
①allofasudden：常用表达；突然，忽然
Eg：Andallofasudden,itcamesocrystalcleartomewhothisguywas.
②beaboutto:词组；即将，正打算
Eg：Itisatellingsignthatspecialtycoffeemaybeabouttogomainstream.
③upstairs:副词；上楼
Eg：Pleasecarrythedeskupstairs.
④moved:动词，形容词；感动
Eg：Andwehaveanupdatethismorningtoareportthatmovedmanyofourlisteners.
Part3题目
1.Inyourview,shouldchildrenbetaughttohelpothers
Yes,Ithinkso.Childrencanlearnalotofthingsbyhelpingothers.Theycanlearntobelessselfishandmorewillingtosharewithothers.Ifchildrencanlearntobefriendlyandhelpful,inreturn,heorshemaybetreatednicelybyothersaswell.Itwillhelpthembecomeapopularperson.
①selfish：形容词；自私的
Eg：Judgingbyhisactions,heisratherselfish.
②willing:形容词；乐意的，心甘情愿的
Eg：JayCarneywaswillingtodiscusstheprogrammethisweek,mainlybecauseNBCNewspublishedthepaper.
2.Doyouthinkpeoplearelesswillingtohelpothersthesedays,comparedtothepast(Why/Whynot)
Itissadtosayyes.Nowadaysweareafraidtohelpothers,becausewearenotsureifthepersonisreallyinneed.Somepeoplemaypretendthattheyareintrouble,whenyouhelpthem,they’llblameyouforcausingthetroubleandsometimesyouhavetopayforaridiculousamountofmoney,eithercompensationormedicalfee.Sonowadayspeoplearegettingmoreandmoreindifferent.
①compensation：名词；补偿，赔偿金
Eg：Wehopethatarepresentativewillsoonbeappointedtocomehereforthediscussiononthecompensation.
②indifferent：形容词；冷漠的，漠不关心的，不闻不问的
Eg：Thisisnosurprisegiventhatinvestorsarelargelyindifferenttopre-IPOcompensationpractices.
3.Dopeopletodaytrustothersasmuchastheyusedtointhepast
Ithinkpeoplenowadaystrustotherslessthanbefore.Inthepast,peoplewholivedinthesamecommunitykneweachotherandhelpedeachother,andtheywerefriendlytostrangersaswell.Howevernowadays,wedon’treallyknowwhoourneighborsareandseldomtalktothem.Andwehesitatetohelpstrangersbecauseweareafraidofbeingcheated.
①community：名词；社区
Eg：Thecommunityisdenselypopulated.
②hesitate:动词；犹豫
Eg：However,ifourofficecanbeoffurtherassistance,pleasedonothesitatetocontactus.
本次口语机经由以下沪江留学老师产出
王栋老师
沪江网校首席雅思口语名师；雅思口语8分；英文专业8级；10年以上英文教学经验；获教育部“语言学教学资格证书”；剑桥大学TKT教师资格证书；国内本科英语教育专业；海外硕士国际贸易专业；美国华盛顿工作经验。