Section1&Section2重点场景（生活类）：招聘面试，艺术装饰，选课须知，旅行住宿，艺术鉴赏，剧院环境介绍，公园导览。
Section3&Section4重点场景（学术类）：选课咨询，流程介绍，作业反馈，论文讨论，动物讲座，金融与商业。
Section1
Questions1-10
Questions1-5
NEWJOBS
WriteNOMORETHANTWOWORDSforeachanswer.
ExampleJameshasnotseenAnnielatelyduetospendinglonghoursatwork.
1Jamesenjoysthe_____ofhiswork.
2Anniedoesnotenjoyallthe_____forherwork.
3Annie’sjobinvolves_____,andofferingadvicetolandmanagersorownerswhowishtomakechanges.
4Annieworksinthecouncil’s_____division.
5Annieoutlinesherclients’legalobligations,andproposesthe_____oftheirland.
Questions6-7
ChooseTWOletters.A-E
WriteNOMORETHANONEWORDforeachanswer.
Fiona’sCompany
Whatthebusinesssells:4_____
Ideaforbusiness:5_____society
Businesscustomers:6_____
Question7
ChooseONEletter,A-E.
WhichTWOofthefollowingarelikelytocausethefarmerdifficultiesinherdevelopmentapplication
ANewaccommodation
BAnewroad
COlivetrees
DAvolcano
EAwetland
Questions8-10
Answerthequestionsbelow.
WriteNOMORETHANTWOWORDSORANUMBERforeachanswer.
8ForwhomdoesAnniethinkcarefullycontrolledlanduseisvaluable
__________
9WhendidatramserviceceaseinJamesandAnnie'stown
10WhatdidJamesstudyatuniversity
SECTION2
Questions11-20
Questions11-14
Choosethecorrectletter,A,BorC.
11Accordingtothespeaker,whyisitagoodlimeforD-l-Ypainting
ATherearebetterproductsavailablenow.
BMaterialcostlessthantheyusedto.
CPeoplehavemorefreetimethanbefore.
12Whathappenedin2009intheUK
AArecordvolumeofpaintwassold.
BAlargeamountofpaintwaswasted
CTherewasamajorprojecttorepaintpublicbuildings.
13Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutpaintquantity
AIt’snotnecessarytohaveexactroommeasurements.
BIt'sbettertooverestimatethantounderestimate.
CAnautomaticcalculatorcanbedownloadedfromtheInternet
14WhatdoesCommunityRePaintdo
AItpaintspeople'shouseswithoutpayment.
BItcollectsunwantedpaintandgivesitaway.
CItsellsunusedpaintanddonatesthemoneytocharity.
Questions15-16
ChooseTWOletters,A-E.
WhatTWOpiecesofadvicedoesthespeakergiveaboutpaint
ADon'tbuyexpensivepaint.
BTestthecolourbeforebuyingalot
CChoosealightcolour.
DUsewater-basedpaint
EBuyenoughpaintformorethanoneapplication.
Questions17-18
WhatTWOpiecesofadvicedoesthespeakergiveaboutpreparation
AReplaceanylooseplaster.
BDon'tspendtoolongpreparingsurfaces.
CUsedecorators'soaptoremovegreasefromwalls.
DWashdirtywallswithwarmwater.
EPaintovercracksandsmallholes.
Questions19-20
WhetTWOpiecesofadvicedoesthespeakergiveaboutpainting
APutahealerintheroom.
BWashbrushesincoldwater.
CUsearollerwithashortpile.
DApplypaintdirectlyfromthetin.
EOpendoorsandwindows.
Section3
Questions21to30
Questions21to23
ChooseTHREEletters,A-G.
WhichTHREEfactorsdoesMarco’stutoradvisehimtoconsiderwhenselectingacourse
A
possibilityofspecialisation
B
relevancetofuturecareer
C
personalinterest
D
organisationofcourse
E
assessmentmethods
F
rangeoftopics
G
reputationoflecturer
Question24-27
ChoosethecorrectletterA,BorC.
24WhydoesMarco’stutoradvisehimtoavoidtheTeamManagementcourse
AItwillrepeatworkthatMarcohasalreadydone.
BItisintendedforstudentsatalowerlevelthanMarco.
CItmaytaketoomuchtimetodowell.
25WhydoesMarcowanttodoadissertation
AHethinksitwillhelphisfuturecareer.
BHewouldliketodoadetailedstudy.
CHehasalreadydonesomeworkforit.
26WhatdoesMarco'stutorthinkaboutthedissertationoutline
AThetopicistoonarrowtobeuseful.
BTheavailabledatamaybeunsuitable
CTheresearchplanistoocomplicated.
27WhatdoesMarcodecidetodoabouthisdissertation
Acontactpotentialinterviewees
Bchangetoanothertopic
CdiscussitwithProfessorBriggs
Questions28-30
Completethesentencesbelow.
Practicaldetails
28Afirstdraftofthedissertationshouldbecompletedbytheendof_____
29Thedissertationshouldberegisteredwiththe_____ofthedepartment.
30Marcoshouldgetacopyofthestatisticsoftwareformthe_____
Section4
Questions31-40
Questions31-33
Completethenotesbelow.
WriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachanswer.
Peopleborrowmoneyforseveralreasons:
31.tobuyahouseyouneeda_____
32.tobuyacaryouneedto_____
33.tobuyeverydayitemsyouneed_____
Questions34-37
34.Peopleindevelopedcountrieshave_____tocredit.
35.Forpoorpeople,theymustuseaprivatelenderfora_____.
36.Peoplehaveincreasingdebtswhentheycannot_____.
37.Thismightbebecauseofsomethingunplanned,forexample,afailedbusinessor_____.
Questions38-40
Completetheflowchartbelow.
Answerkey
1.location
2.travelling
3.surveying
4.EcologicalAssessment
5.bestuse
6-7.BE(ineitherorder)
8.Futuregenerations
9.1956
10.Psychology
Section2
11A
12B
13C
14B
15/16BD
17/18A/C
19/20BE
21.B
22.D
23.F
24.A
25.B
26.C
27.A
28.march
29.secretary
30.computeroffice
31.amortgage/mortgages
33.acreditcard/creditcards/extramoney
35.(high(er)-interest)loan
37.losingajob
39.(is)never
32.getaloan
34.easyaccess
36.repayinterest
38.full-timeservant
40.bondage
【阅读】
READINGPASSAGE1
Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions1-13,whicharebasedonReadingPassage1below.
Thehistoryoftheposter
Theappearanceoftheposterhaschangedcontinuouslyoverthepasttwocenturies.
Thefirstposterswereknownas‘broadsides’andwereusedforpublicandcommercialannouncements.Printedononesideonlyusingmetaltype,theywerequicklyandcrudelyproducedinlargequantities.Astheyweremeanttobereadatadistance,theyrequiredlargelettering.
Therewereanumberofnegativeaspectsoflargemetaltype.Itwasexpensive,requiredalargeamountofstoragespaceandwasextremelyheavy.Ifaprinterdidhaveacollectionoflargemetaltype,itwaslikelythattherewerenotenoughletters.Soprintersdidtheirbestbymixingandmatchingstyles.
Commercialpressureforlargetypewasansweredwiththeinventionofasystemforwoodtypeproduction.In1827,DariusWellsinventedaspecialwooddrill-thelateralrouter-capableofcuttinglettersonwoodblocks.TherouterwasusedincombinationwithWilliamLeavenworth’spantograpn(1834)tocreatedecorativewoodenlettersofallshapesandsizes.Thefirstpostersbegantoappear,buttheyhadlittlecolouranddesign;oftenwoodentypewasmixedwithmetaltypeinaconglomerationofstyles.
Amajordevelopmentinposterdesignwastheapplicationoflithography,inventedbyAloisSenefelderin1796,whichallowedartiststohand-drawletters,openingthefieldoftypedesigntoendlessstyles.ThemethodinvolveddrawingwithagreasycrayonontofinelysurfacedBavarianlimestoneandoffsettingthatimageontopaper.Thisdirectprocesscapturedtheartist'strueintention;however,thefinalprintedimagewasinreverse.Theimagesandletteringneededtobedrawnbackwards,oftenreflectedinamirrorortracedontransferpaper.
Asaresultofthistechnicaldifficulty,theinventionofthelithographicprocesshadlittleimpactonpostersuntilthe1860s,whenJulesCheretcameupwithhis‘three-stonelithographicprocess’.Thisgaveartiststheopportunitytoexperimentwithawidespectrumofcolours.
Althoughtheprocesswasdifficult,theresultwasremarkable,withnuancesofcolourimpossibleinothermediaeventothisday.Theabilitytomixwordsandimagesinsuchanattractiveandeconomicalformatfinallymadethelithographicposterapowerfulinnovation.
Startinginthe1870s,postersbecamethemainvehicleforadvertisingpriortothemagazineeraandthedominantmeansofmasscommunicationintherapidlygrowingcitiesofEuropeandAmerica.YetinthestreetsofParis,MilanandBerlin,theseartisticprintsweresopopularthattheywerestolenoffwallsalmostassoonastheywerehung.Cheret,laterknownas‘thefatherofthemodernposter’,organisedthefirstexhibitionofpostersin1884andtwoyearslaterpublishedthefirstbookonposterart.Hequicklytookadvantageofthepublicinterestbyarrangingforartiststocreateposters,atareducedsize,thatweresuitableforin-homedisplay.
ThankstoCheret,theposterslowlytookholdinothercountriesinthe1890sandcametocelebrateeachsociety’suniqueculturalinstitutions:thecafeinFrance,theoperaandfashioninItaly,festivalsinSpain,literatureinHollandandtradefairsinGermany.ThefirstpostershowswereheldinGreat
BritainandItalyin1894,Germanyin1896andRussiain1897.Themostimportantpostershowever,tomanyobservers,washeldinReims,France,in1896andfeaturedanunbelievable1,690postersarrangedbycountry.
Intheearly20thcentury,thepostercontinuedtoplayalargecommunicationroleandtogothrougharangeofstyles.Bythe1950s,however,ithadbeguntosharethespotlightwithothermedia,mainlyradioandprint.Bythistime,mostposterswereprintedusingthemassproductiontechniqueofphotooffset,whichresultedinthefamiliardotpatternseeninnewspapersandmagazines.Inaddition,theuseofphotographyinposters,beguninRussiainthetwenties,startedtobecomeascommonasillustration.
Inthelatefifties,anewgraphicstylethathadstrongrelianceontypographicelementsinblackandwhiteappeared.ThenewstylecametobeknownastheInternationalTypographicStyle.Itmadeuseofamathematicalgrid,strictgraphicrulesandblack-and-whitephotographytoprovideaclearandlogicalstructure.Itbecamethepredominantstyleintheworldinthe1970sandcontinuestoexertitsinfluencetoday.
Itwasperfectlysuitedtotheincreasinglyinternationalpost-warmarketplace,wheretherewasastrongdemandforclarity.Thismeantthattheaccessibilityofwordsandsymbolshadtobetakenintoaccount.Corporationswantedinternationalidentification,andeventssuchastheOlympicscalledforuniversalsolutions,whichtheTypographicStylecouldprovide.
However,theInternationalTypographicStylebegantoloseitsenergyinthelate1970s.Manycriticiseditforbeingcold,formalanddogmatic.
AyoungteacherinBasel.WolfgangWeingart,experimentedwiththeoffsetprintingprocesstoproducepostersthatappearedcomplexandchaotic,playfulandspontaneous-allinstarkcontrasttowhathadgonebefore.Weingart'sliberationoftypographywasanimportantfoundationforseveralnewstyles.TheserangedfromMemphisandRetrototheadvancesnowbeingmadeincomputergraphics.
Completethetablebelow.
ChooseNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSfromthepassageforeachanswer.
EarlyPrintingMethods
Questions6-9
WriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSfromthepassageforeachanswer.
JulesCheret
Questions10-13
Dothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationinthereadingpassage
Write
TRUEifthestatementagreeswiththeinformation
FALSEifthestatementcontradictstheinformation
NOTGIVENifthereisnoinformationonthis
10Bythe1950s.photographsweremorewidelyseenthanartists'illustrationsonposters.
11FeaturesoftheTypographicStylecanbeseeninmodern-dayposters.
12TheTypographicStylemetaglobalneedataparticulartimeinhistory.
13WeingartgotmanyofhisideasfromhisstudentsinBasel.
READINGPASSAGE2
Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions14-26,whicharebasedonReadingPassage2below.
InternalandExternalMarketing
AEmployeesneedtohearthesamemessagesthatyousendouttothemarketplace.Atmostcompanies,however,internalandexternalcommunicationsareoftenmismatched.Thiscanbeveryconfusing,anditthreatensemployees’perceptionsofthecompany’sintegrity:Theyaretoldonethingbymanagementbutobservethatadifferentmessageisbeingsenttothepublic.Onehealthinsurancecompany,forinstance,advertisedthatthewelfareofpatientswasthecompany’snumberonepriority,whileemployeesweretoldthattheirmaingoalwastoincreasethevalueoftheirstockoptionsthroughcostreductions.Andonemajorfinancialservicesinstitutiontoldcustomersthatitwasmakingamajorshiftinfocusfrombeingafinancialretailertoafinancialadviser,but,ayearlater,researchshowedthatthecustomerexperiencewiththecompanyhadnotchanged.Itturnedoutthatcompanyleadershadnotmadeanefforttosellthechangeinternally,soemployeeswerestillchurningouttransactionsandhadn'tchangedtheirbehaviortomatchtheirnewadviserrole.
CThetypeof"two-waybranding”thatIBMdidsosuccessfullystrengthensbothsidesoftheequation.Internalmarketingbecomesstrongerbecauseitcandrawonthesame“bigidea”asadvertising.Consumermarketingbecomesstrongerbecausethemessagesaredevelopedbasedonemployees’behaviorandattitudes,aswellasonthecompany’sstrengthsandcapabilities-indeed,thethemesaredrawnfromthecompany’sverysoul.Thisprocesscanresultinamoredistinctadvertisingideabecausemarketersaremorelikelytocreateamessagethat'suniquetothecompany.
EWhenitcomestoexecution,themostcommonandeffectivewaytolinkinternalandexternalmarketingcampaignsistocreateexternaladvertisingthattargetsbothaudiences.IBMusedthistacticveryeffectivelywhenitlauncheditse-businesscampaign.Ittookoutaneight-pageadintheWallStreetJournaldeclaringitsnewvision,amessagedirectedatbothcustomersandinternalstakeholders.Thisisanexpensivewaytocaptureattention,butifusedsparingly,itisthemostpowerfulformofcommunication;infact,youneeddoitonlyonceforeveryoneinthecompanytoreadit.There’sasymbolicadvantageaswell.Suchatacticsignalsthatthecompanyistakingitspledgeveryseriously;italsosignalstransparency—thesamemessagegoingouttobothaudiences.
FAdvertisingisn’ttheonlywaytolinkinternalandexternalmarketing.AtNike,anumberofseniorexecutivesnowholdtheadditionaltitleof“CorporateStoryteller.”Theydeliberatelyavoidstoriesoffinancialsuccessesandconcentrateonparablesof“justdoingit,”reflectingandreinforcingthecompany’sadcampaigns.Onetale,forexample,recallshowlegendarycoachandNikecofounderBillBowerman,inanefforttobuildabettershoeforhisteam,pouredrubberintothefamilywaffleiron,givingbirthtotheprototypeofNike’sfamousWaffleSole.Bytalkingaboutsuchinventivemoves,thecompanyhopestokeepthespiritofinnovationthatcharacterizesitsadcampaignsaliveandwellwithinthecompany.
Questions14-20
Usetheinformationinthepassagetomatchthecompany(listedA-F)withcorrectcategoryordeedsbelow.
WritetheappropriatelettersA-Finboxes14-20onyouranswersheet
NByoumayuseanylettermorethanonce
A.legendaryanecdoteinspireemployeesuccessfully
B.advertisementcampaigninspireemployeesandensureleadingroleinbusiness
C.improperadscampaignbringsnegativeeffect
D.internalandexternalannouncementaredifferent
E.campaignbringspositiveandrealisticexpectationinternally
F.abadsloganthatfailedbothtowinsupportinternallyandraisestandardtoitspoorservice
14.OnehealthinsuranceCompany
15.BritishRail
16.IBM
17.UnitedAirline
18.Afinancialservicecompany
19.AShoemakingcompany(Nike)
20.TheCompanyof(Ford)
Questions21-24
DothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninReadingPassage2
Inboxes21-24onyouranswersheet,write
TRUEifthestatementistrue
FALSEifthestatementisfalse
NOTGIVENiftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage
21.Employersinalmostallcompaniessuccessfullymaketheiremployeesfullyunderstandtheoutsidecampaign.
22.CurrentlyIBMismoreprominentintheareaofE-business
23.UnitedAirlinefinallygaveupandadssloganduetoasurveyin1996.
24.Nikehadimprovedcompanyperformancethroughtellingemployeeslegendarycorporationstories.
Questions25-26
ChooseTwocorrectlettersbelow
Writeyouranswersinboxes25-26onyouranswersheet.
PleasechooseTWOapproachesinthepassagementionedthatwereemployedascompanystrategy:
A.promotingthevisualeffectoftheirproducts’advertisement
B.launchinginspiringcampaignsinternally
C.introducinginnercompetition
D.learninghowtotellstoriesamongseniorexecutives
E.applyinganappropriateslogan
READINGPASSAGE3
Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions27-40,whicharebasedonReadingPassage3below.
Greenvirtuesofgreensand
Revolutioninglossrecyclingcouldhelpkeepwaterclean
AForthepast100yearsspecialhighgradewhitesanddugfromthegroundatLeightonBuzzardintheUKhasbeenusedtofiltertapwatertoremovebacteriaandimpuritiesbutthismaynolongerbenecessary.AnewfactorythatturnsusedwinebottlesintogreensandcouldrevolutionisetherecyclingindustryandhelptofilterBritain’sdrinkingwater.Backedby$1.6mfromtheEuropeanUnionandtheDepartmentforEnvironment,FoodandRuralAffairs(Defra),acompanybasedinScotlandisbuildingthefactory,whichwillturnbeveragebottlesbackintothesandfromwhichtheyweremadeinthefirstplace.Thegreensandhasalreadybeensuccessfullytestedbywatercompaniesandisbeingusedin50swimmingpoolsinScotlandtokeepthewaterclean.
BTheideaisnotonlytoavoidusingupanincreasinglyscarcenaturalresource,sandbutalsotosolveacrisisintherecyclingindustry.Britainuses5.5mtonnesofglassayear,butrecyclesonly750,000tonnesofit.TheproblemisthathalfthegreenbottleglassinBritainisoriginallyfromimportedwineandbeerbottles.Becausethereissomuchofit,anditisusedlessindomesticproductionthanothertypes,greenglassisworthonly$25atonne.Clearglass,whichismelteddownandusedforwhiskybottles,mainlyforexport,isworthdoublethatamount.
CHowardDrvden,ascientistandmanagingdirectorofthecompany.DrvdenAqua,ofBonnyrigg,nearEdinburgh,hasspentsixyearsworkingontheproducthecallsActiveFiltrationMedia,orAFM.Heconcedesthathehasgivenwhatisbasicallyrecycledglassa‘fancyname'toremovethestigmaofwhatmostpeoplewouldregardasaninferiorproduct.HesaysheneedsbottlesthathavealreadycontaineddrinkableliquidstobesurethatdrinkingwaterfilteredthroughtheAFMwouldnotbecontaminated.Crusheddownbeverageglasshasfewerimpuritiesthanrealsandanditperformedbetterintrials.*ThefactisthattestsshowthatAFMdoesthejobbetterthansand,itiseasiertocleanandreuseandhasallsortsofpropertiesthatmakeitidealforotherapplications.'heclaimed.
DThefactoryisdesignedtoproduce100tonnesofAFMaday,althoughMrDrydenregardsthisasalarge-scalepilotprojectratherthanfullproduction.CurrentestimatesoftheUKmarketforthisglassforfilteringdrinkingwater,sewage,industrialwater,swimmingpoolsandfishfarmingarebetween175.000to217.000tonnesayear,whichwilluseupmostoftheglassavailablenearthefactory.Soheintendstobuildfiveorsixfactoriesincitieswheretherearelargequantitiesofbottles,inordertocutdownontransportcosts.
EThecurrentfactorywillbecompletedthismonthandisexpectedtogointofullproductiononJanuary14thnextyear.Onceitisprovidinga‘regular’product,thegovernment’sdrinkingwaterinspectoratewillbeaskedtoperformtestsandapproveitforwidespreadusebywatercompanies.ADefraspokesmansaiditwashopedthatAFMcouldmeetapprovalwithinsixmonths.Theonlyproblemthattheycouldforeseewaspossiblecontaminationifsomeglasscamefromsourcesotherthanbeveragebottles.
FAmongthosewhohavetestedtheglassalreadyisCarolineFitzpatrickofthecivilandenvironmentalengineeringdepartmentofUniversityCollegeLondon.‘Wehavelookedatanumberofbatchesanditappearstodothejob.'shesaid.‘Basically,sandismadeofglassandMrDrydenisturningbottlesbackintosand.Itseemsastraightforwardideaandthereisnoreasonwecanthinkofwhyitwouldnotwork.Sinceglassfromwinebottlesandotherbeverageshasnoimpuritiesandclearlydidnotleachanysubstancesintothecontentsofthebottles,therewasnoreasontobelievetherewouldbeaproblem,’DrFitzpatrickadded.
GMrDrydenhassetupanetworkofagentsroundtheworldtosellAFM.ItisalreadyinuseincentralAmericatofilterwateronbananaplantationswherethefruithastobewashedbeforebeingdespatchedtoEuropeanmarkets.Itisalsoinuseinsewageworkstofilterwaterbeforeitisreturnedtorivers,somethingwhichisbecominglegallynecessaryacrosstheEuropeanUnionbecauseoftighterregulationsonsewageworks.Sothereareagreatnumberofapplicationsinvolvingcleaningupwater.Currently,however,AFMcosts$670atonne,aboutfourtimesasmuchasgoodqualitysand.‘Hutthatisbecausewehaven'tgotlarge-scaleproduction.Obviously,whenwegetgoingitwillcostalotless,andbecompetitivewithsandinpriceaswell.’MrDrydensaid.‘Ibelieveitperformsbetterandlastslongerthansand,soitisgoingtobebettervaluetoo.'
HIfAFMtakesoffasaproductitwillbeabigboostforthegovernmentagencywhichischargedwithfindingamarketforrecycledproducts.Crushedglassisalreadybeingusedinroadsurfacingandinmakingtilesandbricks.Similarly.AFMcouldprovetohaveawidespreaduseandgivegreenglassacashvalue.
Questions27-36
ReadingPassage3has8paragraphslabelledA-H.
Whichparagraphcontainsthefollowinginformation
WritethecorrectletterA-Hinboxes27-36onyouranswersheet.
NBYoumayuseanylettermorethanonce.
27adescriptionofplanstoexpandproductionofAFM
28theidentificationofapotentialdangerintherawmaterialforAFM
29anexampleofAFMuseintheexportmarket
30acomparisonofthevalueofgreenglassandothertypesofglass
31alistofpotentialapplicationsofAFMinthedomesticmarket
32theconclusionsdrawnfromlaboratorychecksontheprocessofAFMproduction
33identificationofcurrentfundingfortheproductionofgreensand
34anexplanationofthechosenbrandnameforcrushedgreenglass
35adescriptionofplansforexportingAFM
36adescriptionofwhathastohappenbeforeAFMisacceptedforgeneraluse
Questions37-40
Completethesummarybelow.
ChooseNOMORETHANTWOWORDSfromthepassageforeachanswer.
Writeyouranswersinboxes11-14onyouranswersheet.
Greensand
Theuseofcrushedgreenglass(AFM)mayhavetwosignificantimpacts:itmayhelptosaveadiminishing37_____whileatthesametimesolvingamajorproblemforthe38_____intheUK.However,accordingtoHowardDryden,onlyglassfrombottlesthathavebeenusedfor39_____canbeusedintheproductionprocess.AFMismoreeffectivethan40_____asawaterfilter,andalsohasotheruses.
Keys
Passage1
1.storagespace
2.invention
3.colouranddesign
4.greasycrayon
5.transferpaper
6.wordsandimages
7.masscommunication
8.exhibition
9.uniqueculturalinstitutions
10.FALSE
11.TRUE
12.TRUE
13.NOTGIVEN
Passage2
14.D
15.C
16.B
17.F
18.C
19.A
20.E
21.FALSE
22.TRUE
23.TRUE
24.NOTGIVEN
26.E
Passage3
27.D
28.E
29.G
30.B
31.D
32.F
33.A
34.C
35.G
36.E
37.naturalresource
38.recyclingindustry
39.drinkableliquids/beverages
40.(real)sand
【写作】
A类小作文：
数据类图表
非数据类图表
表格
饼图(Hot)
流程图
线图
柱图(Hot)
地图(Hot)
以下为饼图例题及范文解析：
题目：ThefirstchartbelowshowshowenergyisusedinanaverageAustralianhousehold.Thesecondchartshowsthepercentageofgreenhousegasemissionswhichresultfromthisenergyuse.
解题思路：
本题为静态柱状图的描写。第一个饼状图是描述澳大利亚家庭的能源使用情况，第二个饼图是描述这些能源使用产生的温室效应气体的比例。在描述时，可以每个图自成一个主体段来进行描述。
参考范文：
ThefirstchartillustratestheaverageenergyusageinanAustralianfamilywhilethesecondchartpresentsthepercentageofgreenhousegasemissionscausedbytheenergyconsumption.
Itcanbeclearlyseenfromthefirstpiechartthatheatingrequiresthemostenergy,at42%ofthetotal,followedbywaterheatingwhichrepresentsalmostathird.Theotherappliancesconstitute15percentofthetotalconsumptionofenergywhilerefrigeration,lightingandcoolingaccountforsmallerproportionsofenergyuseat7%,4%andonly2%respectively.
Whileheatingisthegreatestuseofenergy,itonlycauses15%ofthetotalgreenhousegases,whichisnotregardedasthegreatestproducerofgreenhousegases.Instead,waterheatingsystemsemitthegreatestquantityofgreenhousegasesatalittleoverathirdofallgases,whichisproportionaltoitstotaluse.Theotherappliancesinahousearethesecondbiggestproducer,releasing28%.Similaramountsareemittedbythecombinationofrefrigeration(14%),lighting(8%)andcooling(3%)systems.
Overall,theheatingproduceslowshareofgreenhousegascomparedwithitsenergyuse,soitismoreeco-friendlythanothersortsofenergyuse.
重点表达：
①represent:v.等于，相当于
②constitute:v.构成
③emit:v.放，释放
④beproportionalto:与......成比例的
⑤share:n.份额
本次机经真题解析由以下沪江留学老师产出
李敏老师
沪江网校雅思教研，英国杜伦大学毕业；英文专业8级；高中英语教师资格证书等，主攻雅思托福等留学考试。参与沪江网校WorldEnglishA2和B1、新版雅思6.5分写作、新版雅思7分写作等课程的设计规划与制作。
A类大作文：
教育类
Nowadays，full-timeuniversitystudentstendtofocusontheirstudying.Somepeoplethinkitisessentialforuniversitystudentstobeinvolvedinotheractivities.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree
Computersarewidelyusedineducation,andsomepeoplethinkteachersdonotplayanimportantroleintheclassroom.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree
Asscientistscontributemoretothedevelopmentofoursocietythanotherpeopledo,sciencestudentsshouldgetmorefinancialsupportfromthegovernmentthanotherstudents.Doyouagreeordisagree
Childrenfinditdifficulttoconcentrateonorpayattentiontoschool.WhatarethereasonsHowcanwesolvethisproblem
Somepeoplethinkthatinordertocontinueimprovingthequalityofhighschooleducation,studentsshouldbeencouragedtoevaluateandcriticizetheirteachers,whileothersassumethiscouldresultinthelossofrespectanddignityforteachers.Discussbothviewsandgiveyourownopinion.
Somepeoplethinkthatallyoungpeopleshouldberequiredtohavefull-timeeducationuntiltheyareatleast18yearsold.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree？
社会类
Oldgenerationsoftenholdsometraditionalideasonthecorrectwayoflife,thinkingandbehavior.However,somepeoplethinkthatitisnothelpfulfortheyounggenerationstoprepareformodernlifeinthefuture.What'syouropinion
Withthedevelopmentofmanycountries,peoplestarttoliveindividuallyandliveinverysmallfamilyunits.WhatarethecausesWhateffectsdoesithaveonsociety
政府类
Manypeoplebelievethatscientificresearchshouldbecarriedoutandcontrolledbythegovernmentratherthanprivatecompanies.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree
Thegovernmenthasthedutytoensurethatitscitizenshaveahealthydiet,whileothersbelievethisisindividuals'responsibility.Discussbothviewsandgiveyouropinion.
环境类
Withtheincreasingdemandforenergysourcesofoilandgas,peopleshouldlookforsourcesofoilandgasinremoteanduntouchedplaces.Dotheadvantagesoutweighthedisadvantagesofdamagingsuchareas
Somepeoplethinkthatinsteadofpreventingclimatechange,weneedtofindawaytolivewithit.Doyouagreeordisagree
Somepeoplesaythebestwaytosolvetheenvironmentalproblemistoraisethepriceoffuel,towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree？
Environmentalproblemsaretoobigforindividualcountriesandindividualpeopletoaddress.Wehavereachedthestagewheretheonlywaytoprotecttheenvironmentistoaddressitataninternationallevel.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagreewiththisstatement
Nuclearenergyisabettersourcesofenergytomeettheincreasingdemandofenergy.Doyouagreeordisagree
犯罪类
Todayprisonisthemostcommonsolutionforcrime.Butsomepeoplethinkthatitwouldbeamoreeffectivewaytoprovidethemwithbettereducationtopreventthemfrombecomingcriminals.Doyouagreeordisagree
Somepeoplebelievethatyoungpeoplewhocommitseriouscrimesshouldbepunishedinthesamewayasadults.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree
Manypeopleareafraidtoleavetheirhomesbecauseoftheirfearofcrime.Somebelievethatmoreactionshouldbetakentopreventcrime,butothersfeelthatlittlecanbedone.Discussbothviewsandgiveyourownopinion.
科技类
Theincreaseinfoodproductionowesmuchtofertilizersandbettermachinery,butsomepeoplethinkthatithasanegativeimpactonhumanhealthandcommunity.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree
Somepeoplethinkit’snecessarytouseanimalsfortestingmedicinesintendedforhumanuse.Others,however,thinkit’snotrighttodothat.Discussbothviewsandgiveyouownopinion.
Somepeoplethinkthatrobotsareveryimportantforhumans'futuredevelopment.Others,however,thinkthatrobotsareadangerousinventionthatcouldhavenegativeeffectsonsociety.Discussbothviewsandgiveyouropinion.
Somepeoplethinkthattheincreasinguseofcomputersandmobilephonesforcommunicationhashadanegativeeffectonyoungpeople'sreadingandwritingskills.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree
工作类
Insomecountriesitisillegalforcompaniestorejectjobapplicantsfortheirage.Isthispositiveornegativetothedevelopment
Countrieswithalongaverageworkingtimearemoreeconomicallysuccessfulthanthosecountrieswhichdonothavealongworkingtime.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree
媒体类
Inmanycountriestelevisionshowsmanyforeign-madeprogrammers.Thedominanceofimportedentertainmentisharmfultotheculturesofthesecountries.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree
Researchshowsthatovereatingcanbejustasharmfulassmoking.Thus,theadvertisingofcertainfoodproductsshouldbebanned,ascigaretteisbannedinmanycountries.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree
旅游类
Tourismisamultibillion-dollarindustrythatsupportseconomicdevelopment.Howeversomepeoplethinkthatitcausestoomuchdamagetothelocalenvironmentandculture.Doyouagreeordisagree
Foreigntouristsabroadshouldbechargedmorethanlocalpeoplewhenvisitingthelocalhistoricalandculturaltouristattractions.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree
其他类
Somepeoplebelievefamouspeople'ssupporttowardsinternationalaidorganizationsdrawstheattentiontoproblems,whileothersthinkcelebritiesmaketheproblemslessimportant.Discussbothviewsandgiveyouropinion.
Somepeopleprefertoprovidehelpandsupportdirectlytothosewhoneeditintheirlocalcommunity.Others,however,prefertogivemoneytonationalandinternationalcharitableorganizations.Discussbothsidesandgiveyourownopinion.
以下为重点话题及范文解析：
题目：Somepeoplethinkthatinsteadofpreventingclimatechange,weneedtofindawaytolivewithit.Doyouagreeordisagree
题型：同意与否型
话题：环境类
解题思路：本题讨论的中心是“我们要顺应还是阻止气候变化”，提示在写主体段落时，更多偏向于论述采取不同态度的原因，而不是单纯分析气候变化的成因或者危害。考生在写作时很容易针对气候变化这个现象本身，而忘记与题目中给到的态度产生关联，从而偏题跑题。
Asmostpartsoftheworldaregettingwarmerandwarmerintherecentdecades,climatechangehasbecomeanissueknowntothemasses.Nevertheless,opinionsonhowtodealwiththeproblemdiverge.Frommyperspective,itisridiculoustoadjustourlifetotheon-goingenvironmentworseningwithoutresortingtoanyactivecountermeasures.
Someinnocentpeoplemightthinkthereisnoproblemtolivewithahighertemperature,butunfortunately,therisksofglobalwarmingarefarmorethanafewscorchingdaysinsummerorthegraduallyrisingsealevels.Actuallytheyaremerelythefirstfewblocksinadominoeffect,followedbyaseriesofdisasterssuchasextremeweatherconditions,animalextinctionsandshrunkcontinentsonland,allofwhichcanbarelybesolvedbysimplysettinganair-conditionerintheroom.Therefore,onlywithalong-termviewcanweseetheurgetotreatclimatechangeseriouslyandtakeactionstopreventtheexacerbation.
Tobemoreexplicit,learningtolivewithclimatechangewillneverbethebestoption.Onthecontrary,drasticallyreducinggreenhousegasemissionsfromnowonisthewiseronecomparedwithfixingtherunawaydestabilizationlater.Oncebeingignored,theissueofclimatechangewillultimatelyleadstothethawingoficeinthepoles,andthentheunavoidableflood,famineandlarge-scalemalignantepidemicdiseasecomeby.Atthatpoint,theenvironmentalproblemevolvesintoamuchmorecostlyandcomplicatedsocialandpoliticalone.Soitisadvisabletoaddresstheclimatechangeissueattheearlierstagebeforeitistoolate.
Allinall,climateissuescanbeamajorproblemifnottackledproperly,bothenvironmentallyandpolitically.Thereforeitisnecessaryforthoseshort-sightedtorealisethesignificanceofclimatechange,aswellasthebenefitofadoptingproperapproachestostoptheloss.
①diverge:v.分歧，不一致
②ridiculous:adj.荒谬的
③scorching:adj.炎热的
④dominoeffect:连锁效应
⑤explicit:adj.清晰的
⑥runaway:adj.失控的
⑦large-scalemalignantepidemicdisease:大规模恶性传染病
本次机经由以下沪江留学老师产出
王倩竹老师
沪江网校留学资深教研老师，同济大学英语语言文学硕士，主攻雅思托福等留学考试。参与沪江网校《雅思保七冲八》、UnlockA1-B2雅思能力课程、WorldEnglishB1、新版雅思6.5分阅读、新版雅思7分听力等课程的设计规划与制作，并帮助多名1V1学生达到雅思写作7分。
【口语】
以下为本场考试部分高频话题解析：
Part1
Travel(spacetravel)
Doyouwanttotravelintheouterspace
参考答案：
Yeahthatwouldbefantastic!Ialwayswanttoexperiencethegravity-freecondition,anditwouldbeamazingtooverlookthewholeuniversefromthespaceship.
Whatwouldyoudoifyouhadthisopportunity
Iwouldfirstattendsomespecialtrainingsregularly.I’mnotaveryfitperson,orIhavetosaysubhealthy,soIneedtoworkouttogetreadyforthepossibleweightlessnessorotherharshconditionsImightencounterinthespace.
Doyouliketotravelbyair
Yesandno.Travellingbyairisindeedveryfast,andtheserviceontheairlinecanbegoodaswell,butittakesalotoftimetogettotheairportandgothroughthesecuritycheck.Soifit’snottoofar,maybeit’sbettertotakethetrain.
Whenwasthelasttimeyouwenttravelling
IwenttoacoastalcityinthenorthernpartofChinalastweekendwithmyfriends.Wewenttherebytrainandhadalotofdeliciousseafood.Itwasanicetrip.
Part2&3
Part2题目
Describethetimewhenyouhadyourfirstcellphone.
Youshouldsay:
Whenitwas
Whatitwaslike
Howyouhadthiscellphone
Andexplainhowyoufeltaboutit
提示：
IrememberIgotmyfirstcellphonewhenIwasinmiddleschool.ItwasadomesticbrandcalledXiaxin,I’mnotsureiftheyarestillinoperationnowbutbackthenthisbrandwasquitepopular.Myfatherboughtthisphoneforme.Itwasasmallcellphonejusthalfthesizeofmypalm.Andcellphonesatthattimewerenormallyverysimpleandnotthatrichincolour,butminewasverypinkandcute.Soitwasquitepopularamonggirls.Howeverunlikesmartphonesnowadays,ithadnotouchscreenbutaphysicalnumerickeypad.AlthoughitwasnotasmultifunctionalasthecellphoneIhavetoday,IstilllikeditalotnotonlybecauseofitscuteappearancebutalsobecauseofthememoryIhadwiththecellphone.Sinceithadaphysicalnumerickeypad,Icouldtouchtypethemessagewithoutlookingatthecellphone,soIoftensecretlysentmessagestomyfriendsinclass.Icannolongerdothesameonsmartphonesnowbecause100%IwillhavetyposifIdon’tkeepstaringatthescreen.That’sashame,Ireallymissthefeelingthatfingerstypeonthekeypadwhileeyeslookatelsewhere.
重点词汇及表达：
①palm：名词；手掌
Eg：Abirdsettledonhispalm.
②numeric:名词，形容词；数字，数字的
Eg：Togainentryandtraverseinteriordoors,youmustflashasmartcardandpunchinanumericcode.
③keypad:名词；按键，小型键盘
Eg：ThePCmodelalsoaddsaTabkeyatthetopofthenumerickeypadtoaidnumbercrunchers.
④typo:名词；打字错误，错别字
Eg：Pleaseseebelowforacorrection(markedwithanasterisk)toatypointhetranscript.
Part3题目
1.Whatagedoyouthinkchildrencouldstartusingcellphones
Ithinkit’sbetterforthemtostartusingcellphonesaftertheyenterthemiddleschool.It’snotagoodideaforchildrentousecellphonestooearlyastheylackcontrolandcaneasilygetaddictedtotheseelectronicdevices.Inaddition,spendingtoomuchtimestaringatthescreenwilldoharmtotheireyes.Iguessthat’soneofthereasonsthatmanychildreninChinahaveabadeyesight.
①stareat：词组：盯着
Eg:Otherwise,shesays,thekidswouldstareattheirphonesandnotinteractwithoneanother.
②eyesight:名词；视力
Eg：Apersonwithgoodeyesightcandistinguishdistantobject.
2.IsitpopularforchildrentousecellphonesinChina
Verypopular.Farmorepopularthanwecanimagine.IrememberseveralyearsagoIwentbacktomyprimaryschool,tomysurprise,almosteverysinglepupilgotaniPhoneandtheyweresoobsessedwiththeirphonesduringthebreak.Andrecently,IevenfoundoutthatbabieswhocanbarelytalkstartplayingiPad.I’mreallyworryaboutthissituation.
①beobsessedwith：词组；痴迷于
Eg：Wedonotthinkthatyoushouldbeobsessedwithyourportfolio.
②barely:副词；几乎不，勉强
Eg：Hewasbarelylisteninguntilthesalarywasmentioned.Thenheprickeduphisears.
3.Whatdoteenagersusecellphonesfor
Ithinktheyusecellphonesfordifferentpurposes.Forexamplethey’llusecellphonestomakeaphonecallorsendatextmessagelikeeveryonedoes.Ofcoursethey’llalsosearchforsomeinformationtohelptheirstudy.ButmostofthetimeI’mafraid,theywillwatchonlinevideos,playgamesorbrowsesocialmedia.
①browse：动词；浏览
Eg：Downloadthefullreport,theExecutiveSummaryorbrowsethereportbychapter.
②socialmedia:词组；社交媒体
Eg：AndabouthalfofAmericanadultshaveapresenceonsocialmedia,accordingtoPew.
4.Whataretheadvantages/disadvantagesofusingcellphones
Usingcellphonesononehandhasgreatlybenefitedourlife.Wecanplaceatakeawayorderorbuyamovieticketonourphones,wecanalsousemobilepaymentsystemtopayforwhatwebuy,andthat’showacashlesssocietyiscreated.Ontheotherhand,cellphonesalsoinevitablybringsomedrawbackstous.Withmoretimespentoncellphones,peoplenowadaysbecomemoreandmoreindifferent,andsomeofthemheavilyrelyoncellphonesthattheyfeelreallyanxiouswithouthavingtheirphonesathand.
①inevitably：副词；不可避免地
Eg：Financinggovernmentbyprintingmoneyinevitablyleadstohigherinflationandallofitsassociatedproblems.
②athand:副词；在手边
Eg：Iputthisbookathandonlytomeettheunexpectedneed.
本次口语解析由以下沪江留学老师产出
黄函老师
沪江网校首席雅思口语名师；英国谢菲尔德大学毕业；英文专业8级；5年以上英文教学经验。