中考仿真专题突破:非谓语动词专练.docx

非谓语动词一、概述在英语语法中,一直是语法教学的重难点所在,尤其是非谓语动词的。非谓语动词有三种形式即、和分词,由于非谓语动词的内容丰富,所以在本文中不涉及到它的每一方面。本文主要非谓语动词语法功能的,从而使学习者更好地运用非谓语动词。

动词是用来描述人或事物的行为或状态,一般来说,动词有人称、时态、、单复数及语气的变化。在一个中,根据动词是否受到句子主语人称及数的限制、动词是否了句子的时态,可以将动词分为谓语动词及非谓语动词两大类。简言之,能用作谓语的动词称其为谓语动词,不能单独用作谓语的动词称之为非谓语动词。非谓语动词有三种形式:不定式、动名词及分词。在一个句子中,非谓语动词能充当除谓语外的任何成分。

一、作主语

1.非谓语动词的三种形式中,只有不定式及动名词可以用作逻辑主语,例如:

〔1〕Itisdangeroustoplaywithexplosives.

〔2〕Itisdangerousplayingwithexplosives.

2.不定式及不定式短语可以用作“be,seem,appear〞的主语,此时,不定式应置于句首。例如:“Tohesitatewouldhavebeenfatal.〞但一般情况下,我们可以用it作形式主语置于句首,而将真正主语不定式置后:“Itwouldhavebeenfataltohesitate.〞在find,discover,believe,think,consider,expect等词后的宾语从句中,不定式及动名词都可用作主语,值得注意的是在find后的宾语从句中,可将be省掉,如:

〔1〕Hefoundthatitwasdifficulttopark.→Hefounditdifficulttopark.

〔2〕Hefoundparkingwasdifficult.→Hefoundparkingdifficult.

在其它动词后的宾语从句中勿将be省掉。

3.通常情况下,动名词说明的是普通动作,不定式那么表示特定的、具体的、短暂的或瞬间动作。如:

〔1〕Swimmingisbeneficialtohealth.〔抽象动作〕

〔2〕Toswiminsuchcoldweatherdidrequireofhimagreatdealofcourage.(特定动作)

4.在一些句式中,如“Thereis/wasno...〞“Itis/wasnouse(useless,nice,good)...〞结构中,主语只能是动名词。如:

〔1〕Thereisnousecryingoverthesplitmilk.〔2〕Itisnogoodobjecting.

5.在句子中,如果表语是不定式,主语那么相应地用不定式;如果表语是动名词,主语相应地用动名词,例如:

〔1〕Toseeistobelieve.〔2〕Seeingisbelieving.

二、作表语

非谓语动词的三种形式在句子中都可以作表语。接下来就将动名词与不定式、分词与动名词进行一下比拟。

1.不定式与动名词。

大多数情况下作表语时,动名词可以代替不定式,但有一点区别。当某一动作比拟抽象,并且失去了动词的某些特性,接近于名词,此时须用动名词,例如“Myhobbyisgardening.〞而不是“Myhobbyistogarden.〞。

2.分词与动名词。

分词与动名词作表语,用来阐述主语的性质特征,此时,我们可将其当成形容词。一个句子中到底是用分词作表语还是动名词,这须取决于主语与表语的关系。如:

〔1〕Iamtired.〔主语I是动作的承受者,意思是“Somethinghastiredme.〞〕

〔2〕Thejobistiring.〔主语job是动作的执行者,意思是“Thejobtiresme.〞〕

三、作宾语

1.大多数情况下动词后面的不定式和动名词作宾语,上不会有任何的差异。例如:在动词love,like,hate,prefer,begin,intend等词后面就没有什么差异。

2.但有时跟在同一动词后却有很大的不同即第二种情况。例如在动词remember,forget,regret,try,mean,stop,goon等后面,不定式与动名词作宾语时意义就有很大的不同。如:

〔1〕Irememberlockingthedoor.(我记得把门锁上了。)

〔2〕Iwillremembertolockthedoor.〔我会记得把门锁上的。〕

3.有些动词后只能跟不定式作宾语,例如在offer,promise,hope,manage,pretend,attempt,decide,agree,expect,determine等词后。

4.有些动词和词组后只能跟动名词作宾语,例如在advise,allow,admit,appreciate,avoid,consider,imagine,delay,mind,enjoy,finish,practice,cannothelpdoingsomething,putoff,giveup等词后。

四、作定语

1.不定式作定语,通常皆置于其所修饰的名词或代词之后。它与其所修饰的名词或代词可能是主谓关系,也可能是动宾关系。如:

〔1〕ThenexttraintoarrivewasfromBeijing.(主谓关系)

〔2〕Hehastoomanythingstodo.(动宾关系)

2.过去分词用作定语,多表已完成的动作,如:

〔1〕Herjobwastotakecareofthewoundedsoldier.

过去分词短语用作定语时,一般皆置于其所修饰的名词之后,其意义相当于一个,但较从句简洁,多用于笔语中。如:

〔2〕Trucksbusesweredrivenongascarriedinlargebagsontheroof.

3.现在分词与动名词的比拟。

〔1〕现在分词作定语时与动名词不同,首先,现在分词不重读,动名词那么须重读。如:

①asleeping謖child熟睡的孩子(现在分词不重读)

②a謖sleepingcar卧车(动名词须重读)

B.living

C.lives

D.lived

2.—It’stoohot.Wouldyoumind________thewindow—Ofcoursenot.Pleasedoitnow.

A.toopen

B.opening

C.opens

D.opened

3.—Couldyougiveusahand,please—Sure.Whatwouldyoulikeme________

A.do

B.does

C.todo

D.doing

4.Somuchworkusuallymakeshim________verytired.A.tofeel

B.feels

C.feeling

D.feel

5.Shefeelslike________TV.A.watches

B.watch

C.watching

D.towatch

6.Wouldyouplease________somewaterwithyouIt’ssohottoday,andyou’llfeelthirsty.

A.totake

B.take

C.nottake

D.taking

7.Pleasestop________arestifyoufeeltired.A.tohave

B.having

C.have

D.has

8.You’dbetter________footballinthestreet.A.notplay

B.playing

C.nottoplay

D.play

9.—Remember________himaboutitbeforehegoesaway.—Sure,Iwill.

A.tell

B.totell

C.telling

D.totelling

10.Wemustkeeptheclassroom________.A.clean

B.toclean

C.cleaning

D.cleaned

11.—I’msorrytohavekeptyou.—Itdoesn’tmatter.I’vejustcome.

A.wait

B.waited

C.waiting

D.towait

12.Itisbettertoteachamanfishingthan________himfish.

A.togive

B.giving

C.offind

D.finding

13.—Jackseemslikeagoodstudent.—Heisalwaysthefirsthiswork.

A.finishes

B.finishing

C.finished

D.tofinish

14.Ioftenhearher_____thissongintheclassroomafterclass.A.sing

B.tosing

C.singing

D.sings

15.Theyarebusy________theoldcar.A.withmend

B.mend

C.tomend

D.mending16.Wemusttryourbesttostopthepollution_______ahappierlife.

A.fromlivingB.toliveC.livingD.live

Hello,whatareyoureading---Abook_______byBillGates.

A.writingB.WrittenC.towriteD.whichwritten

Whatdoyoucomeherefor---_______.

A.BorrowaCDB.ToborrowaCDC.BorrowingaCDD.BorrowedaCD

19.YesterdayIheardastory_______bymyfriend.A.toldB.tellingC.totellD.tell

20.Wecan'thelpcryingafter_______thesadnews.A.hearB.heardC.hearingD.tohear

21.---Wouldyoumind_______forafewminutes---No,notatall.A.waitB.towaitC.waitedD.waiting

22.HaveyoureadthisbookIt'sworth_______.A.toreadB.readC.readingD.toberead

23.MrWangwouldlikeme_______myclassmatesatalk.A.togiveB.givingC.givesD.give

24.Ifind_______himallaboutit.

A.necessarytotellB.thatnecessarytoC.necessaryittotellD.itnecessarytotell

25.It'sverynice_______youto_______meaboutit.A.for;tellB.of;sayC.to;speakD.of;tell

26.Thesonwantshismother_____himupatsixo'clockeveryday.A.toringB.ringC.ringsD.ringing

27.---IoftenuseHotmailtosende-mails.---ReallyWouldyoupleaseshowme_______it

A.howcanIuseB.whatcanIuseC.howtouseD.whattouse

28.Telltheboy_______outofthewindow.A.nottolookB.tonotlookC.don'tlookD.notlook

29.Didyouhearher_______inthenextroomjustnowA.singingB.singC.tosingD.sang

30.Howlongdoesittakeyou_______yourhomeworkeveryevening

A.finishdoingB.finishingtodoC.tofinishdoingD.finishtodo

31.Haveyoudecided_______

A.togowithwhomB.whomtogowithC.whomgowithD.withwhomtogo

32.Remember_______thelightswhenyouleavetheoffice.

A.toturnoffB.turningoffC.turnoffD.toturningoff

33.Herhope_______the2022OlympicGames.

A.totakepartinB.istotakepartinC.takingpartinD.willtakepartin

34.Theroomisn'tbigenough_______somanypeople.A.holdingB.holdC.toholdD.holds

THE END
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