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2019.09.23
非谓语是英语学习的重点也是难点,很多同学对这个语法知识一直是处于比较懵的状态。其实只要掌握非谓语所充当成分的用法就可以运用自如了。
非谓语,顾名思义就是不做谓语的动词的变化形式,即todo,doing,done。除了谓语,句子成分中还有主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。
一、不定式作主语
1.Toseeistobelieve.(这种情况不常用)
2.ItisimportanttolearnEnglishwell.
It是形式主语,真正的主语是tolearnEnglishwell.这种用法是常用的而且是考点!考点!考点!
二、不定式作表语:常说明主语的内容、性质和特征或表动作将要发生。
1.Myjobistokeepthechildrensafe.
2.Mytaskistotypethearticle.
三、不定式做宾语
3.动词feel,find,make,think等后面,可以用it作形式宾语代替真正的宾语——动词不定式,句子结构是...feel/find/make/...it+adj./n.+todo...。
如:
Ifinditdifficulttoremembereverything.
常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有:(需要记住!!!)
agree,afford,appear,ask,attempt;
care,choose,claim;
dare,decide,demand,deserve,determine;
expect,fail,get,guarantee;
hate,hesitate,hope,hurry;
intend,learn,manage,offer,
plan,prepare,pretend,promise;
refuse,seem,tend,threaten;
want,wish等
四、不定式做宾语补足语
2.Weshouldallowthechildrentochoosetheirownclothes.
Note1:带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词主要有:要求允许提议(ask,allow,advise),期望邀请鼓励(expect,invite,encourage),教导告诉想要(teach,tell,want),等待希望愿意(waitfor,wish,wouldlike/love)。
Note2:动词不定式作补语,在主动语态句里不带to,被动语态句里带to时多数动词是感官动词和使役动词,包括四“看”:lookat,observe,see,watch,三“让”:have,let,make,二“听”:hear,listento,一“感觉”:feel,一“注意”:notice。
如、1.Imadehimdohiswork.
2.Hewasmadetodohiswork(byme).
变成被动,被省略的to要还原。
Note3:不定式用在介词but,except,besides后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带to.
如:1.Shecoulddonothingbutcry.
2.Ihavenochoicebuttogo.
五、不定式做后置定语:只能用不定式做定语的情况很多,这里只列出常用和常考的4点
Hemadeapromisetocomehereontimetomorrow.
2.当修饰的名词前有theonly,thenext,thebest,thefirst,thelast,以及由序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常常用不定式作定语。
Hewasthefirstonetothinkoftheidea.
Youaretheonlypersontobelate.
Themanageristhelasttocometothemeeting.
3.当修饰的词为something,nothing,anything等不定代词时。
Doyouhaveanythingtosay
Thereisnothingtoworryabout.
4.当定语表示未来的还没做的动作时。
Thelettertobewrittenistomyfather.
Themattertobediscussedisimportant.
六、用作状语
1.目的状语,置于句首或句末,置于句首时常表示强调。如:
1)Tocatchtheearlybus,shegotupveryearly.
2)Agroupofyoungpeoplegottogethertodiscussthisquestion.
3)Shecametothiscitytovisitherdaughter.
2.原因状语,多见于“sb.+be+adj.+todo...”结构句中。如:
Iamveryluckytohavehim.
3.结果状语,多见于“too...to”,“enoughto...”结构句中。如:
1)I’mtootiredtodoitwell.
2)Theroomisbigenoughforthreepeopletolivein.
一、独立结构:
tobefrank,
tobehonest,
totellthetruth
这三个词组是同义词,意思是“说实话”、“老实说”或“坦率地说”
Totellthetruth,Iamnothappyatthemoment.
二、与疑问词连用:不定式与疑问词who,which,when,how,what等连用,在句中起名词作用,可充当主语、表语、宾语等。
Hedidn’tknowwhattosay.(宾语)
Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant.(主语)
Myquestioniswhentostart.(表语)
单选:
1.Thiscompanywasthefirst____portableradiosaswellascassettetaperecordersintheworld.
A.producingB.toproduceC.havingproducedD.produced
2.Thepurposeofnewtechnologyistomakelifeeasier,____itmoredifficult.
A.notmakingB.notmakeC.nottomakeD.nortomake
3.Helenhadtoshout______abovethesoundofthemusic.
A.makingherselfhearB.tomakeherselfhear
C.makingherselfheardD.tomakeherselfheard
4.Idon’tknowwhetheryouhappen_______,butIamgoingtostudyintheU.S.AthisSeptember.
A.tobeheard.B.tobebearingC.tohearD.tohaveheard
5.Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,only______thefilmstarshadleft.
A.totellB.tobetoldC.tellingD.told
6.Youweresillynot_______yourcar.
A.tolockB.tohavelockedC.lockingD.havinglocked
7.Theteacheraskedus______somuchnoise.
A.don’tmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomake
8.Anarmyspokesmanstressedthatallthesoldiershadbeenordered_____clearwarningsbeforefiringanyshots.
A.toissueB.beingissuedC.tohaveissuedD.tobeissued
9.I’dratherhavearoomofmyown,howeversmallitis,than_______aroomwithsomeoneelse.
A.toshareB.tohavesharedC.shareD.sharing
10.Thebankisreportedinthelocalnewspaper_________inbroaddaylightyesterday.
A.robbedB.tohavebeenrobbedC.beingrobbedD.havingbeenrobbed