检验考生是否具有进入攻读博士学位阶段的英语水平和能力。
考试类型、考试内容及考试结构
本考试共有五个部分：词汇（占10%）、完形填空（占15%）、阅读理解（占40%）、英译汉（占15%），写作（占20%）。试卷分为：试卷一（PaperOne）客观试题，包括前三个部分，共75题，顺序排号；试卷二（PaperTwo）主观试题，包括英译汉和写作两个部分。
一、词汇
主要测试考生是否具备一定的词汇量和根据上下文对词和词组意义判断的能力。词和词组的测试范围基本以本考试大纲词汇表为参照依据。共20题。每题为一个留有空白的英文句子。要求考生从所给的四个选项中选出可用在句中的最恰当词或词组。
二、完形填空
主要测试考生在语篇层次上的理解能力以及对词汇表达方式和结构掌握的程度。考生应具有借助于词汇、句法及上下文线索对语言进行综合分析和应用的能力。要求考生就所给篇章中15处空白所需的词或短语分别从四个选项中选出最佳答案。
三、阅读理解
本部分共分两节。要求考生能：
1）掌握中心思想、主要内容和具体细节；
3）准确把握某些词和词组在上下文中的特定含义；
4）领会作者观点和意图、判断作者的态度。
四、英译汉
要求考生将一篇近400词的英语短文中有下划线的5个句子翻译成汉语。主要测试考生是否能从语篇的角度正确理解英语原句的意思，并能用准确、达意的汉语书面表达出来。
五、写作
要求考生按照命题、所给提纲或背景图、表写出一篇不少于200字的短文。目的是测试考生用英语表达思想或传递信息的能力及对英文写作基础知识的实际运用。
试卷一：
题号
名称
题量
分值
I
词汇选择填空
20
10
15
II
完形填空
III-A
阅读理解（A）
30
60
III-B
阅读理解（B）
小计
75
65
110分钟
试卷二：
IV
英译汉–语篇中句子
5
V
写作
1
40
6
35
70分钟
SAMPLETEST
UNIVERSITYOFCHINESEACADEMYOFSCIENCES
ENGLISHENTRANCEEXAMINATION
FOR
DOCTORALCANDIDATES
PAPERONE
PARTIVOCABULARY(15minutes,10points,0.5pointeach)
Directions:Choosethewordorexpressionbeloweachsentencethatbestcompletesthestatement,andmarkthecorrespondingletterofyourchoicewithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourMachine-scoringAnswerSheet.
1.Tenyearsago,ahousewithadecentbathroomwasa__________symbolamonguniversityprofessors.
A.postB.status
C.positionD.place
2.Itwouldbefarbetterifcollectorscouldbepersuadedtospendtheirtimeandmoneyinsupportof___________archaeologicalresearch.
A.legibleB.legitimate
C.legislativeD.illicit
3.Weseekasocietythathasatits__________arespectforthedignityandworthoftheindividual.
A.endB.hand
C.coreD.best
4.Avarietyofproblemshavegreatly_________thecountry’snormaleducationaldevelopment.
A.impededB.imparted
C.imploredD.implemented
5.Agoodeducationisanassetyoucan________fortherestofyourlife.
A.spelloutB.callupon
C.falloverD.resortto
6.Oilcanchangeasocietymore____________thananyonecouldeverhaveimagined.
A.grosslyB.severely
C.rapidlyD.drastically
7.Beneathitsmyriadrules,thefundamentalpurposeof___________istomaketheworldapleasanterplacetolivein,andyouamorepleasantpersontolivewith.
A.elitismB.eloquence
C.eminenceD.etiquette
8.TheNewTestamentwasnotonlywrittenintheGreeklanguage,butideasderivedfromGreekphilosophywere_____________inmanypartsofit.
A.alteredB.criticized
C.incorporatedD.translated
9.NobodywilleverknowtheagonyIgo__________waitingforhimtocomehome.
A.overB.with
C.downD.through
10.Whileacountry’seconomyisbecomingthemostpromisingintheworld,itspeopleshouldbemore____________abouttheirqualityoflife.
A.discriminatingB.distributing
C.disagreeingD.disclosing
11.Cheatedbytwoboyswhomhehadtruston,Josephpromisedto____________them.
A.findfaultwithB.makethemostof
C.lookdownuponD.getevenwith
12.TheMinister’s_________answerlettoanoutcryfromtheOpposition.
A.impressiveB.evasive
C.intensiveD.exhaustive
13.Inproportionasthe____________betweenclasseswithinthenationdisappearsthehostilityofonenationtoanotherwillcometoanend.
A.intoleranceB.pessimism
C.injusticeD.antagonism
14.Everyonedoestheirownthing,tothepointwhereafifth-gradeteachercan’t__________onafourth-gradeteacherhavingtaughtcertainthings.
A.countB.insist
C.fallD.dwell
15.Whenthefirebrokeoutinthebuilding,thepeoplelosttheir__________andranintotheelevator.
A.heartsB.tempers
C.headsD.senses
16.Consumersdeprivedoftheinformationandadvicetheyneededwerequitesimply___________everycheatinthemarketplace.
A.atthemercyofB.inlieuof
C.bycourtesyofD.forthepriceof
17.Infactthepurchasingpowerofasingleperson’spensioninHongKongwasonly70percentofthevalueofthe_________Singaporepension.
A.equivalentB.similar
C.consistentD.identical
18.Hebecameawarethathehadlosthisaudiencesincehehadnotbeenabletotalk____________.
A.honestlyB.graciously
C.coherentlyD.flexibly
19.Thenovel,whichisaworkofart,existsnotbyits_____________life,butbyitsimmeasurabledifferencefromlife.
A.significanceinB.imaginationat
C.resemblancetoD.predominanceover
20.Shewasartfulandcouldalways____________herparentsintheend.
A.shoutdownB.getround
C.complywithD.passover
PARTIICLOZETEST(15minutes,15points)
Directions:Foreachblankinthefollowingpassage,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesgivenintheoppositecolumn.MarkthecorrespondingletterofyourchoicewithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourMachine-scoringAnswerSheet.
Weareenteringaperiodinwhichrapidpopulationgrowth,thepresenceofdeadlyweapons,anddwindlingresourceswillbringinternationaltensionstodangerouslevelsforanextendedperiod.Indeed,21seemsnoreasonfortheselevelsofdangertosubsideunlesspopulationequilibriumis22andsomeroughmeasureoffairnessreachedinthedistributionofwealthamongnations.23ofadequatemagnitudeimplyawillingnesstoredistributeincomeinternationallyonamoregenerous24thantheadvancednationshaveevidencedwithintheirowndomains.Therequiredincreasesin25inthebackwardregionswouldnecessitategiganticapplicationsofenergymerelytoextractthe26resources.
Itisuncertainwhethertherequisiteenergy-producingtechnologyexists,andmoreserious,27thatitsapplicationwouldbringustothethresholdofanirreversiblechangeinclimate28aconsequenceoftheenormousadditionofmanmadeheattotheatmosphere.Itisthis29problemthatposesthemostdemandinganddifficultofthechallenges.Theexisting30ofindustrialgrowth,withnoallowanceforincreasedindustrializationtorepairglobalpoverty,hold31theriskofenteringthedangerzoneofclimaticchangeinas32asthreeorfourgenerations.Ifthetrajectoryisinfactpursued,industrialgrowthwill33havetocometoanimmediatehalt,foranothergenerationortwoalongthat34wouldliterallyconsumehuman,perhapsalllife.Theterrifyingoutcomecanbepostponedonlytotheextentthatthewastageofheatcanbereduced,35thattechnologiesthatdonotaddtotheatmosphericheatburden—forexample,theuseofsolarenergy—canbeutilized.(1996)
21.A.oneB.itC.thisD.there
22.A.achievedB.succeededC.producedD.executed
23.A.TransfersB.TransactionsC.TransportsD.Transcripts
24.A.extentB.scaleC.measureD.range
25.A.outgrowthB.outcropC.outputD.outcome
26.A.neededB.needyC.needlessD.needing
27.A.possibleB.possiblyC.probableD.probably
28.A.inB.withC.asD.to
29.A.leastB.lateC.latestD.last
30.A.raceB.paceC.faceD.lace
31.A.onB.upC.downD.out
32.A.lessB.fewerC.manyD.little
33.A.ratherB.hardlyC.thenD.yet
34.A.lineB.moveC.driveD.track
35.A.ifB.orC.whileD.as
PARTIIIREADINGCOMPREHENSION
SectionA(60minutes,30points)
Directions:Beloweachofthefollowingpassagesyouwillfindsomequestionsorincompletestatements.EachquestionorstatementisfollowedbyfourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Readeachpassagecarefully,andthenselectthechoicethatbestanswersthequestionorcompletesthestatement.MarktheletterofyourchoicewithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourMachine-scoringAnswerSheet.
Passage1
Thewritingofahistoricalsynthesisinvolvesintegratingthematerialsavailabletothehistorianintoacomprehensiblewhole.Theprobleminwritingahistoricalsynthesisishowtofindapatternin,orimposeapatternupon,thedetailedinformationthathasalreadybeenusedtoexplainthecausesforahistoricalevent.
Asynthesisseekscommonelementsinwhichtointerpretthecontingentpartsofahistoricalevent.Theinitialstep,therefore,inwritingahistoricalsynthesis,istoputtheeventtobesynthesizedinaproperhistoricalperspective,sothatthecommonelementsorstrandsmakinguptheeventcanbedetermined.Thiscanbeaccomplishedbyanalyzingthehistoricaleventaspartofageneraltrendorcontinuuminhistory.Thecommonelementsthatarefamiliartotheeventwillbecometheideologicalframeworkinwhichthehistorianseekstosynthesize.Thisisnottosaythatanyfactorwillnothaveagreaterrelativevalueinthehistorian’shandlingoftheinterrelatedwhenviewedinabroadhistoricalperspective.
Thehistorian,insynthesizing,mustdeterminetheextenttowhichtheexistinghypotheseshavesimilartrends.Ageneraltrendline,onceestablished,willenablethesesimilartrendstobecorrelatedandparalleledwithintheconceptualframeworkofacommonbase.Asynthesisfurtherseekstodetermine,fromexistinghypotheses,whyanoutcometookthedirectionitdid;thus,itnecessitatesreconstructingthespiritofthetimesinordertoassimilatethepolitical,social,psychological,etc.,factorswithinacommonbase.
Assuch,thesynthesisbecomesthelogicalconstructininterpretingthecommongroundbetweenanoriginalexplanationofanoutcome(thesis)andthereinterpretationoftheoutcomealongdifferentlines(antithesis).Therefore,thesynthesisnecessitatestheintegrationofthematerialsavailableintoacomprehensiblewholewhichwillinturnprovideanewhistoricalperspectivefortheeventbeingsynthesized.
36.Theauthorwouldmostlybeconcernedwith_____________.
A.findingthemostimportantcauseforaparticularhistoricalevent
B.determiningwhenhypothesesneedtobereinterpreted
C.imposingapatternuponvaryinginterpretationsforthecausesofaparticularhistoricalevent
D.attributingmanyconditionsthattogetherleadtoaparticularhistoricaleventortosinglemotive
37.Themostimportantpreliminarystepinwritingahistoricalsynthesiswouldbe____________.
A.toaccumulatesufficientreferencematerialtoexplainanevent
B.analyzingthehistoricaleventtodetermineifa“singlethemetheory”applestotheevent
C.determiningthecommonstrandsthatmakeupahistoricalevent
D.interpretinghistoricalfactorstodetermineifonefactorwillhaverelativelygreatervalue
38.Thebestdefinitionfortheterm“historicalsynthesis”wouldbe______________.
A.combiningelementsofdifferentmaterialintoaunifiedwhole
B.atentativetheorysetforthasanexplanationforanevent
C.thedirectoppositeoftheoriginalinterpretationofanevent
D.interpretinghistoricalmaterialtoprovethathistoryrepeatsitself
39.Ahistorianseekstoreconstructthe“spirit”ofatimeperiodbecause____________.
A.theeventsinhistoryaremoreimportantthanthepeoplewhomakehistory
B.existinghypothesesareadequateinexplaininghistoricalevents
C.thisisthebestmethodtodeterminethesinglemostimportantcauseforaparticularaction
D.varyingfactorscanbeassimilatedwithinacommonbase
40.Whichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthorconsiderfalse
A.Onefactorinahistoricalsynthesiswillnothaveagreatervaluethanotherfactors.
B.Itispossibletoanalyzecommonunifyingpointsinhypotheses.
C.Historicaleventsshouldbestudiedaspartofacontinuuminhistory.
D.Asynthesisseekstodeterminewhyanoutcometookthedirectionitdid.
Passage2
Whenyoucallthepolice,thepolicedispatcherhastolocatethecarnearestyouthatisfreetorespond.Thismeansthedispatcherhastokeeptrackofthestatusandlocationofeverypolicecar—notaneasytaskforalargedepartment.
Anotherproblem,whichariseswhencarsareassignedtoregularpatrols,isthatthepatrolsmaybetooregular.Ifcriminalsfindoutthatpolicecarswillpassaparticularlocationatregularintervals,theysimplyplantheircrimesfortimeswhennopatrolisexpected.Therefore,patrolcarsshouldpassbyanyparticularlocationatrandomtimes;thefactthatacarjustpassedshouldbenoguaranteethatanotheroneisnotjustaroundthecorner.Yetsimplyorderingtheofficerstopatrolatrandomwouldleadtochaos.
Acomputerdispatchingsystemcansolveboththeseproblems.Thecomputerhasnotroublekeepingtrackofthestatusandlocationofeachcar.Withthisinformation,itcandetermineinstantlywhichcarshouldrespondtoanincomingcall.Andwiththeaidofapseudorandomnumbergenerator,thecomputercanassignroutinepatrolssothatcriminalscan’tpredictjustwhenapolicecarwillpassthroughaparticulararea.
(Beforecomputers,policesometimesusedroulettewheelsandsimilardevicestomakerandomassignments.)
Computersalsocanrelievepoliceofficersfromconstantlyhavingtoreporttheirstatus.Thepolicecarwouldcontainaspecialautomaticradiotransmitterandreceiver.Theofficerwouldsetadialonthisunitindicatingthecurrentstatusofthecar—patrolling,directingtraffic,chasingaspeeder,answeringacall,outtolunch,andsoon.Whennecessary,thecomputeratheadquarterscouldpollthecarforitsstatus.Thevoiceradiochannelswouldnotbecloggedwithcarsconstantlyreportingwhattheyweredoing.Acomputerinthecarautomaticallycoulddeterminethelocationofthecar,perhapsusingtheLORANmethod.Thelocationofthecaralsowouldbesentautomaticallytotheheadquarterscomputer.
41.Thebesttitleforthispassageshouldbe___________.
A.ComputersandCrimes
B.PatrolCarDispatching
C.ThePowerfulComputers
D.ThePolicewithModernEquipment
42.ApolicedispatcherisNOTsupposedto_____________.
A.locateeverypatrolcar
B.guaranteecarsonregularpatrols
C.keepintouchwitheachpolicecar
D.findoutwhichcarshouldrespondtotheincomingcall
43.Ifthepatrolsaretooregular,_____________.
A.thedispatcherswillbeboredwithit
B.theofficersmaybecomecareless
C.thecriminalsmaytakeadvantageofit
D.thestreetswillbeinastateofchaos
44.Thecomputerdispatchingsystemisparticularlygoodat______________.
A.assigningcarstoregularpatrols
B.respondingtotheincomingcalls
C.orderingofficerstoreporttheirlocation
D.makingroutinepatrolsunpredictable
45.Accordingtotheaccountinthelastparagraph,howcanapatrolcarbelocatedwithoutcomputers
A.Policeofficersreporttheirstatusconstantly.
B.Theheadquarterspollthecarforitsstatus.
C.Aradiotransmitterandreceiverisinstalledinacar.
D.Adialinthecarindicatesitscurrentstatus.
Passage3
Achildwhohasoncebeenpleasedwithatalelikes,asarule,tohaveitretoldinidenticallythesamewords,butthisshouldnotleadparentstotreatprintedfairystoriesassacredtexts.Itisalwaysmuchbettertotellastorythanreaditoutofabook,and,ifaparentcanproducewhat,intheactualcircumstancesofthetimeandtheindividualchild,isanimprovementontheprintedtext,somuchthebetter.
Achargemadeagainstfairytalesisthattheyharmthechildbyfrighteninghimorarousinghissadisticimpulse.Toprovethelatter,onewouldhavetoshowinacontrolledexperimentthatchildrenwhohavereadfairystoriesweremoreoftenguiltyofcrueltythanthosewhohadnot.Aggressive,destructive,sadisticimpulseseverychildhasand,onthewhole,theirsymbolicverbaldischargeseemtoberatherasafetyvalvethananincitementtoovertaction.Astofears,thereare,Ithink,well-authenticatedcasesofchildrenbeingdangerouslyterrifiedbysomefairystory.Often,however,thisarisesfromthechildhavingheardthestoryonce.Familiaritywiththestorybyrepetitionturnsthepainoffearintothepleasureofafearfacedandmastered.
Therearealsopeoplewhoobjecttofairystoriesonthegroundsthattheyarenotobjectivelytrue,thatgiants,witches,two-headeddragons,magiccarpets,etc.,donotexist;andthat,insteadofindulginghisfantasiesinfairytales,thechildshouldbetaughthowtoadapttorealitybystudyinghistoryandmechanics.Ifindsuchpeople,Imustconfess,sounsympatheticandpeculiarthatIdonotknowhowtoarguewiththem.Iftheircaseweresound,theworldshouldbefullofmadmenattemptingtoflyfromNewYorktoPhiladelphiaonabroomstickorcoveringatelephonewithkissesinthebeliefthatitwastheirenchantedgirl-friend.
Nofairystoryeverclaimedtobeadescriptionoftheexternalworldandnosanechildhaseverbelievedthatitwas.
46.Accordingtotheauthor,thebestwaytoretellastorytoachildisto______________.
A.tellitinacreativeway
B.takefromitwhatthechildlikes
C.addtoitwhateverathand
D.readitoutofthestorybook.
47.Inthesecondparagraph,whichstatementbestexpressestheauthor’sattitudetowardsfairystories
A.Heseesinthemtheworstofhumannature.
B.Hedislikeseverythingaboutthem.
C.Heregardsthemasmoreofabenefitthanharms.
D.Heisexpectantoftheexperimentalresults.
48.Accordingtotheauthor,fairystoriesaremostlikelyto____________.
A.makechildrenaggressivethewholelife
B.incitedestructivenessinchildren
C.functionasasafetyvalveforchildren
D.addchildren’senjoymentofcrueltytoothers
49.Ifthechildhasheardsomehorrorstoryformorethanonce,accordingtotheauthor,hewouldprobablybe______________.
A.scaredtodeath
B.takingitandevenenjoyingit
C.sufferingmorethepainoffear
D.dangerouslyterrified
50.Theauthor’smentionofbroomsticksandtelephonesismeanttoemphasizethat___________.
A.oldfairystorieskeepupdatingthemselvestocaterformodernneeds
B.fairystorieshaveclaimedmanylivesofvictims
C.fairystorieshavethrownourworldintochaos
D.fairystoriesareafterallfairystories
Passage4
Therehasbeenalotofhand-wringingoverthedeathofElizabethSteinberg.Withoutblaminganyoneinparticular,neighbors,friends,socialworkers,thepoliceandnewspapereditorshavestruggledtodefinethecommunity’sresponsibilitytoElizabethandtootherbatteredchildren.Asthecollectivesoul-searchingcontinues,thereisapervadingsensethatthesystemfailedher.
Thefactis,inNewYorkStatethesystemcouldn’thavesavedher.Itisalmostimpossibletoprotectachildfromviolentparents,especiallyiftheyarewhite,middle-class,well-educatedandrepresentedbycounsel.
WhydoesthestatepermitviolenceagainstchildrenThereareanumberofreasons.First,parentalprivilegeisarationalization.Inthepast,thelawwasgivingitsapprovaltothebiblicalinjunctionagainstsparingtherod.
Second,whileeveryoneagreesthatthestatemustacttoremovechildrenfromtheirhomeswhenthereisdangerofseriousphysicaloremotionalharm,manychildadvocatesbelievethatstateinterventionintheabsenceofseriousinjuryismoreharmfulthanhelpful.
Third,courtsandlegislaturestreadcarefullywhentheiractionsintrudeorthreatentointrudeonarelationshipprotectedbytheConstitution.In1923,theSupremeCourtrecognizedthe“libertyofparentandguardiantodirecttheupbringingandeducationofchildrenundertheircontrol.”Morerecently,in1977,itupheldtheteacher’sprivilegetousecorporalpunishmentagainstschoolchildren.Readtogether,thesedecisionsgivetheconstitutionalimprimaturtoparentaluseofphysicalforce.
Underthebestconditions,smallchildrendependutterlyontheirparentsforsurvival.Undertheworst,theirdependencydoomsthem.WhileitisquestionablewhetheranyoneoranythingcouldhavesavedElizabethSteinberg,itisplainthatthelawprovidednoprotection.
Tothecontrary,byjustifyingtheuseofphysicalforceagainstchildrenasanacceptablemethodofeducationandcontrol,thelawlentameasureofplausibilityandlegitimacytoherparents’conduct.
Morethan80yearsago,intheteethofparentalresistanceandSupremeCourtdoctrine,theNewYorkStateLegislatureactedtoeliminatechildlaborlaw.Now,thestatemustacttoeliminatechildabusebybanningcorporalpunishment.Tobreakthecycleofviolence,nothinglesswillanswer.IfthereisalessontobedrawnfromthedeathofElizabethSteinberg,itisthis:sparetherodandsparethechild.
51.TheNewYorkStatelawseemstoprovideleastprotectionofachildfromviolentparentsof____________.
A.afamilyonwelfare
B.apooruneducatedfamily
C.aneducatedblackfamily
D.amiddle-classwhitefamily
52.“Sparingtherod”(inboldface)means____________.
A.spoilingchildren
B.punishingchildren
C.notcaringaboutchildren
D.notbeatingchildren
53.Corporalpunishmentagainstschoolchildrenis_____________.
A.takenasillegalintheNewYorkState
B.consideredbeingintheteacher’sprovince
C.officiallyapprovedbylaw
D.disapprovedbyschoolteachers
54.FromthearticlewecaninferthatElizabethSteinbergisprobablythevictimof____________.
A.teachers’corporalpunishment
B.misjudgmentofthecourt
C.parents’ill-treatment
D.streetviolence
55.Thewriterofthisarticlethinksthatbanningcorporalpunishmentwillinthelongrun_____________.
A.preventviolenceofadults
B.savemorechildren
C.protectchildrenfromill-treatment
D.betterthesystem
Passage5
Withitscommoninterestinlawbreakingbutitsimmenserangeofsubject-matterandwidely-varyingmethodsoftreatment,thecrimenovelcouldmakealegitimateclaimtoberegardedasaseparatebranchofliterature,or,atleast,asadistinct,eventhoughaslightlydisreputable,offshootofthetraditionalnovel.
Thoughitsvillainalsoreceiveshisrightfuldeserts,thethrillerpresentsalesscomfortableandcredibleworld.Thesequenceoffistfights,revolverduels,carcrashesandescapesfromgas-filledcellarsexhauststhereaderfarmorethanthehero,who,sufferingfromatleasttwobrokenribs,oneblackeye,uncountablebruisesandahangover,canstillchaseandoverpoweranarmedvillainwiththephysiqueofawrestler,Hemovesdangerouslythroughaworldofruthlessgangs,brutality,aviciouslustforpowerandmoneyand,incontrasttothedetectivetale,withanear-omniscientarch-criminalwhosedefeatseemsalmostaccidental.Perhapswemissinthethrillerthesecurityofbeingsafelyledbyourimperturbableinvestigatorpastascoreofredherringsandblindavenuestoafinalgatheringofsuspectswhenanunchallengeableelucidationofallthathasbewilderedusisgivenandjusticeandgoodnessprevail.Allthatwevainlyhopeforfromlifeisgrantedvicariously.
56.Thecrimenovelisregardedbytheauthoras_________________.
A.anotrespectableformofthetraditionalnovel
B.notatruenovelatall
C.relatedinsomewaystothehistoricalnovel
D.adistinctbranchofthetraditionalnovel
57.Thecreationofdetectivestorieshasitsoriginin_______________.
A.seekingrestfromworkorworries
B.solvingmysteriousdeathsinthissociety
C.restoringexpectationsinpolitesociety
D.preventingcrimes
58.Thecharactersofthedetectivestoriesare,generallyspeaking,_____________.
A.moreprofoundthanthoseofthetraditionalnovels
B.asrealaslifeitself
C.notlikehumanbeingsatall
D.notveryprofoundbutnotunlikely
59.Thesettingofthedetectivestoriesissometimesinamoreremoteplacebecause___________.
A.itismorereal
B.ourfriendsarefamiliarwithit
C.itpleasesthereadersinaway
D.itneedsthereaders’support
60.Thewriterofthispassagethinks_____________.
A.whatpeoplehopeforfromlifecanfinallybegrantediftheyhaveconfidence
B.peopleliketofeelthatjusticeandgoodnesswillalwaystriumph
C.theyknowintherealworldgooddoesnotprevailoverevil
D.theirhopesinlifecanonlybefulfilledthroughfictionreading
Passage6
Wheneverweareinvolvedinacreativetypeofactivitythatisself-rewarding,afeelingovercomesus—afeelingthatwecancall“flow.”Whenweareflowingweloseallsenseoftimeandawarenessofwhatishappeningaroundus;instead,wefeelthateverythingisgoingjustright.
Arockdancerdescribeshisfeelingofflowlikethis:“IfIhaveenoughspace,IfeelIcanradiateanenergyintotheatmosphere.Icandanceforwalls,Idanceforfloors.Ibecomeonewiththeatmosphere.”“Youareinanecstaticstatetosuchapointthatyoudon’texist,”saysacomposer,describinghowhefeelswhenhe“flows.”Playersofanysportthroughouttheworldarefamiliarwiththefeelingofflow;theyenjoytheiractivityverymuch,eventhoughtheycanexpectlittleextrinsicreward.Thesameholdstrueforsurgeons,caveexplorers,andmountainclimbers.
Flowprovidesasortofphysicalsensationalongwithanalteredstateofbeing.Onemanputitthisway:“Yourbodyfeelsgoodandawakeallover.Yourenergyisflowing.”Peoplewhoflowfeelpartofthisenergy;thatis,theyaresoinvolvedinwhattheyaredoingthattheydonotthinkofthemselvesasbeingseparatefromtheiractivity.Theyareflowingalongwiththeirenjoyment.Moreover,theyconcentrateintenselyontheiractivity.Theydonottrytoconcentrateharder,however;theconcentrationcomesautomatically.Achessplayercomparesthisconcentrationtobreathing.Astheyconcentrate,thesepeoplefeelimmersedintheaction,lostintheaction.Theirsenseoftimeisalteredandtheyskipmealsandsleepwithoutnoticingtheirloss.Sizesandspacesalsoseemaltered:successfulbaseballplayersseeandhittheballsomuchbetterbecauseitseemslargertothem.Theycanevendistinguishtheseamsonaballapproachingthemat165kilometersperhour.
Itseemsthenthatflowisa“floatingaction”inwhichtheindividualisawareofhisactionsbutnotawareofhisawareness.Agoodreaderissoabsorbedinhisbookthatheknowsheisturningthepagestogoonreading,buthedoesnotnoticeheisturningthesepages.Themomentpeoplethinkaboutit,flowisdestroyed,sotheyneveraskthemselvesquestionssuchas“AmIdoingwell”or“Dideveryoneseemyjump”
Finally,toflowsuccessfullydependsagreatdealontheactivityitself;nottoodifficulttoproduceanxiety,nottooeasytobringaboutboredom;challenging,interesting,fun.Somegoodexamplesofflowactivitiesaregamesandsports,reading,learning,workingonwhatyouenjoy,andevenday-dreaming.
61.Whatisthemainpurposeofthearticle
A.toillustratethefeelingof“flow”
B.toanalyzethecausesofaspecialfeeling
C.todefinethenewpsychologicalterm“flow”
D.toleadpeopletoacquirethefeelingof“flow”
62.Inthisarticle,“flow”referstoafeelingwhichprobablyresultsfrom_____________.
A.awareness
B.ecstasy
C.unconsciousness
D.self-rewarding
63.Theword“immersed”(inboldface)isclosestinmeaningto_____________.
A.occupied
B.engrossed
C.soaked
D.committed
64.Whatdoesoneusuallyactwhile“flowing”inreading
A.thinkswhatheisdoing
B.wondershowfasthecanread
C.turnsthepages
D.mindsthepagenumber
65.Theactivitywhichcansuccessfullybringabout“flow”ismostprobably____________.
A.gripping
B.difficult
C.boring
D.easy
SectionB(20minutes,10points)
Direction:Ineachofthefollowingpassages,fivesentenceshavebeenremovedfromtheoriginaltext.TheyarelistedfromAtoFandputbelowthepassage.Choosethemostsuitablesentencefromthelisttofillineachoftheblanks(numbered66to75).Foreachpassage,thereisonesentencethatdoesnotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersonyourmachinescoringAnswerSheet.
Ahistoryoflongandeffortlesssuccesscanbeadreadfulhandicap,but,ifproperlyhandled,itmaybecomeadrivingforce.WhentheUnitedStatesenteredjustsuchaglowingperiodaftertheendoftheSecondWorldWar,ithadamarketeighttimeslargerthananycompetitor,givingitsindustriesunparalleledeconomiesofscale.---66---AmericaandAmericanswereprosperousbeyondthedreamsoftheEuropeansandAsianswhoseeconomiesthewarhaddestroyed.
Itwasinevitablethatthisprimacyshouldhavenarrowedasothercountriesgrewricher.Justasinevitably,theretreatfrompredominanceprovedpainful.Bythemid-1980sAmericanshadfoundthemselvesatalossovertheirfadingindustrialcompetitiveness.---67---By1987therewasonlyoneAmericantelevisionmakerleft,Zenith.(Nowthereisnone:ZenithwasboughtbySouthKorea'sLGElectronicsinJuly.)Foreign-madecarsandtextilesweresweepingintothedomesticmarket.America'smachinetoolindustrywasontheropes.---68---
Allofthiscausedacrisisofconfidence.Americansstoppedtakingprosperityforgranted.Theybegantobelievethattheirwayofdoingbusinesswasfailing,andthattheirincomeswouldthereforeshortlybegintofallaswell.---69---Theirsometimes-sensationalfindingswerefilledwithwarningsaboutthegrowingcompetitionfromoverseas.
---70---In1995theUnitedStatescanlookbackonfiveyearsofsolidgrowthwhileJapanhasbeenstruggling.FewAmericansattributethissolelytosuchobviouscausesasadevalueddollarortheturningofthebusinesscycle.Self-doubthasyieldedtoblindpride."Americanindustryhaschangeditsstructure,hasgoneonadiet,haslearnttobemorequick-witted,"accordingtoRichardCavanagh,executivedeanofHarvard'sKennedySchoolofGovernment.“ItmakesmeproudtobeanAmericanjusttoseehowourbusinessesareimprovingtheirproductivity,”saysStephenMooreoftheCatoInstitute,athink-tankinWashington,DC.AndWilliamSahlmanoftheHarvardBusinessSchoolbelievesthatpeoplewilllookbackonthisperiodas"agoldenageofbusinessmanagementintheUnitedStates."
A.Forawhileitlookedasthoughthemakingofsemiconductors,whichAmericahadinvestedandwhichsatattheheartofthenewcomputerage,wasgoingtobethenextcasualty.
B.Itsscientistsweretheworld'sbest,itsworkersthemostskilled.
C.Howthingshavechanged!
D.Themid-1980sbroughtoneinquiryafteranotherintothecausesofAmerica'sindustrialdecline.
E.SomehugeAmericanindustries,suchasconsumerelectronics,hadshrunkorvanishedinthefaceofforeigncompetition.
F.Someofthenation'slargestbusinessesshrinkinsizewhentheyappearonthegovernment'sdatabaseoffederalcontractors.
A.IfAmericanworkersforexample,takemuchlongertolearnhowtooperatenewflexiblemanufacturingstationsthanworkersinGermany(astheydo),theeffectivecostofthosestationsislowerinGermanythanitisintheUnitedStated.
B.Theheadofhumanresourcemanagementisoneofthemostimportantexecutivesinthefirm.
C.Themoneytheydoinvestisalsomorehighlyconcentratedonprofessionalandmanagerialemployees.
D.HumanresourcemanagementisnottraditionallyseenascentraltothecompetitivesurvivalofthefirmintheUnitedStates.
E.Thepostofheadofhumanresourcemanagementisusuallyaspecializedjob,offattheedgeofthecorporatehierarchy.
F.Theresultisaslowerpaceoftechnologicalchange.
PAPERTWO
PARTVTRANSLATION(30minutes,15points)
Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.WriteyourpiecesofChineseversionintheproperspaceonyourAnswerSheetII.
ThereisnogreaterpowerintheworldtodaythanthatwieldedbythemanipulatorsofpublicopinioninAmerica.(1)Nokingorpopeofold,noconqueringgeneralorhighpriesteverdisposedofapowerevenremotelyapproachingthatofthefewdozenmenwhocontrolAmerica’smassnewsandentertainmentmedia.
(2)Theirpowerisnotdistantandimpersonal;itreachesintoeveryhomeinAmerica,anditworksitswillduringnearlyeverywakinghour.Itisthepowerwhichshapesandmoldsthemindofvirtuallyeverycitizen,youngorold,richorpoor,simpleorsophisticated.
Themassmediaformforusourimageoftheworldandthentelluswhattothinkaboutthatimage.(3)Essentiallyeverythingweknow—orthinkweknow—abouteventsoutsideourownneighborhoodorcircleofacquaintancescomestousviaourdailynewspaper,ourweeklynewsmagazine,ourradio,orourtelevision.
Itisnotjusttheheavy-handedsuppressionofcertainnewsstoriesfromournewspapersortheblatantpropagandizingofhistory-distortingTV“docudramas”whichcharacterizestheopinion-manipulatingtechniquesofthemediamasters.Theyexercisebothsubtletyandthoroughnessintheirmanagementofboththenewsandtheentertainmentwhichtheypresenttous.
Forexample,thewayinwhichthenewsiscovered:(4)whichitemsareemphasizedandwhichareplayeddown,thereporter’schoiceofwords,toneofvoice,andfacialexpressions;thewordingofheadlines;thechoiceofillustrations—allofthesethingssubliminally（浅意识地）andyetprofoundlyaffectthewayinwhichweinterpretwhatweseeorhear.
Ontopofthis,ofcourse,thecolumnistsandeditorsremoveanyremainingdoubtfromourmindsastojustwhatwearetothinkaboutitall.(5)Employingcarefullydevelopedpsychologicaltechniques,theyguideourthoughtandopinionsothatwecanbeintunewiththe“in”crowd,the“beautifulpeople,”the“smartmoney.”TheyletusknowexactlywhatourattitudesshouldbetowardvarioustypesofpeopleandbehaviorbyplacingthosepeopleorthatbehaviorinthecontextofaTVdramaorsituationcomedyandhavingtheotherTVcharactersreacttotheminthePoliticallyCorrectway.
PARTVIWRITING(40minutes,20points)
Directions:Writeanessayofnolessthan200wordsonthetopicgivenbelow.UsetheproperspaceonyourAnswerSheetII.
Topic
Anythingthatisoverdonemaybringunwantedresults.AddictiontotheInternetisofnoexception.Discusstheharmfuleffectsonaperson’slifewhenhe/sheisindulgedintheInternet.
KEY
PARTIVOCABULARY
1.B2.B3.C4.A5.B6.D7.D8.C9.D10.A11.D12.B
13.D14.A15.C16.A17.A18.C19.C20.B
PARTIICLOZETEST
21.D22.A23.A24.B25.D26.A27.B28.C29.D30.B31.D
32.C33.C34.A35.B
SectionA
36.C37.C38.B39.D40.A41.B62.B43.C44.D45.A46.A47.C
48.C49.B50.D51.D52.D53.B54.C55.A56.D57.A58.D59.C60.B61.A62.D63.B64.C65.A
SectionB
66.B67.E68.A69.D70.C
71.D72.E73.C74.A75.F
PARTIV
PARTVTRANSLATION
SuggestedChineseversionforthe5EnglishSegments:
（1）过去的国王、教皇、征战他国的大将军或者基督教会的长老所行使的权力远远无法与当今那几十个控制着美国大众新闻、娱乐媒体的人手中的权力相比拟。
（2）他们的权力之手伸得很近，伸及到每一个人，伸及到美国的每一个家庭。人们除了睡眠之外，几乎无时无刻不在受着这个权力意志的影响。
（3）从根本上说，我们所了解的（或者说我们认为我们所了解的）一切有关我们居住地或者熟人圈之外发生的事件的信息，都是通过我们的新闻日报、周刊、广播或者电视而获得的。
（4）哪些是重点强调的、哪些是刻意低调报道的；报道者所用的字汇、语调；他（她）的面部表情；标题的用语、图片的选择；所有这一切，都不知不觉地但却根深蒂固地影响着我们对所见所闻的理解和解释。
（5）他们精心地运用现代心理技术引导我们的思想和看法，使我们与他们所宣扬的一些观点如：“时尚大众”、“美丽的人”、“聪明财富”相一致。