1、必修1Module1MyFirstDayatSeniorHighMynameisLiKang.IliveinShijiazhuang,acitynotfarfromBeijing.ItisthecapitaIcityofHebeiProvince.TodayismyfirstdayatSeniorHighschoolandPmwritingdownmythoughtsaboutit.MynewschoolisverygoodandIcanseewhy.Theteachersar
2、everyenthusiasticandfriendlyandtheclassroomsareamazing.Everyroomhasacomputerwithaspecialscreen,almostasbigasacinemascreen.Theteacherswriteonthecomputer,andtheirwordsappearonthescreenbehindthem.Thescreensalsoshowphotographs,textandinformationfromweb
5、uctionsandthenweworkedbyourselves.MsShenwantstohelpusimproveourspellingandhandwriting.Wedothisinafunway,withspellinggamesandotheractivities.Ilikeherattitudeverymuch,andthebehavioroftheotherstudentsshowsthattheylikeher,too.Therearesixtyfivestuden
6、tsinmyclass-morethanmypreviousclassinJuniorHigh.Forty-nineofthemaregirls.Inotherwords,therearethreetimesasmanygirlsasboys.Theysaythatgirlsareusuallymorehard-workingthanboys,butinthisclass,everyoneishardworking.Forourhomeworktonight,wehavetowrit
8、lfthgradesarehighschool.Attheendoftwelfthgrade,Americanstudentsreceivethehighschooldiploma.StudentsneedahighschooldiplomaiftheywanttogotocollegeTheschoolyearisdividedintotwosemesters,thefirstofwhichisSeptemberthroughDecember,andthesecondJanuaryth
9、roughMay.WehaveaLONGsummervacation!Westartschoolat7:50amandwefinishat3pm.Itakepartinallkindsofafter-schoolactivities-Iplayfootball,basketball,volleyball,tabletennisandIgototheaterclub.WillyoutellmesomethingaboutyoursummervacationandtheChinesesch
10、oolsysteminyournextletterBestwishes,RobMarshallModule2MyNewTeachersTheysaythatfirstimpressionsareveryimportant.MyfirstimpressionofMrs.Liwasthatshewasnervousandshy.Ithinkperhapsshewas,asitwasherfirstlessonwithus.Butnow,aftertwoweeks,theclassrea
14、eachingissowellorganizedandclear.Andafewstudentsevenadmitlikingher!Duringscientificexperiments,sheexplainsexactlywhatishappeningandasaresultmyworkisimproving.Physicswillneverbemyfavouritelesson,butIthinkthatPlldowellintheexamwithMrs.Chenteaching
17、tingtolookatdifferencesbetweenschoolsindifferentcountries.InmanyEuropeancountries,forexample,therelationshipbetweenteachersandstudentsisquiteformal.ThisistrueofFrance,Germany,andSpain,wheredisciplineandrespectfortheteacherisconsideredveryimportant.Thesam
18、eistrueofRussia.InnorthernEuropeancountries,however,therelationshipbetweenteachersandstudentsismuchfriendlierandmorerelaxed.InAmerica,studentsandteachersarequiterelaxedwitheachother.InBritain,relationshipsarequiterelaxed,butteacherscanhavebigproblemswi
19、thdiscipline.Anotherimportantdifferenceiswhetherschoolsarestateschoolsorprivateschools.Stateschoolsarepaidforbythegovernment,butinprivateschools,theparentspayfortheeducationoftheirchildren.GermanyandFrancehavebothstateandprivateschools,butmoststudentsg
20、otostateschools,whichareverygood.Similarly,Americahasbothstateandprivateschools.MostAmericanchildrengotostateschools,buttheprivateschoolscanbeverygood.Britainhasbothstateandprivateschools.InRussia,childrengotostateschools.Module3MyFirstRideonaTrai
21、nMynameisAliceThompson.IcomefromSydney,AustraliaandFm18yearsold.RecentlyIhadmyfirstrideonalong-distancetrain.Andwhataride!AfriendandItraveledonthefamousGhantrain.WegotoninSydneyandwegotoffinAliceSprings,rightinthemiddleofAustralia,morethan
22、fourthousandkilometersaway.Wespenttwodaysandnightsonthetrain.Thetrainwaswonderfulandthefoodwasgreat.Weategreatmealscookedbyexperts!Forthefirstfewhundredkilometersofthejourney,thescenerywasverycolorful.Therewerefieldsandthesoilwasdarkred.Aftertha
23、t,itwasdesert.Thesunshone,therewasnowindandtherewerenocloudsinthesky.Suddenly,itlookedlikeaplacefromanothertime.Wesawabandonedfarmswhichwerebuiltmorethanahundredyearsago.Thetrainwascomfortableandthepeoplewerenice.Duringtheday,Isatandlookedou
24、tofthewindow,andsometimestalkedtootherpassengers.IreadbooksandlistenedtomyChinesecassettes(FmstudyingChineseatschool).Onenight,ataboutmidnight,Iwatchedthenightskyforaboutanhour.Thestarsshonelikediamonds.WhyisthetraincalledtheGhanAlongtimeago,Au
25、straliansneededawaytotraveltothemiddleofthecountry.Theytriedridinghorses,butthehorsesdidn9tlikethehotweatherandsand.Ahundredandfiftyyearsago,theybroughtsomecamelsfromAfghanistan.GhanisshortforAfghanistan.Camelsweremuchbetterthanhorsesfortravelinga
26、longdistance.Formanyyears,trainedcamelscarriedfoodandothersupplies,andreturnedwithwoolandotherproducts.TheAfghansandtheircamelsdidthisuntilthe1920s.Thenthegovernmentbuiltanewrailwayline,sotheydidn9tneedthecamelsanymore.In1925,theypassedalawwhichal
27、lowedpeopletoshoottheanimalsiftheywereaproblem.In1935,thepoliceinatownshot153camelsinoneday.TheMaglev-theFastestTrainintheWorldThefastesttrainintheworld,theTransrapidMaglev,runsbetweenShanghai9sPudongAirportandLongyangstationindowntownShanghai.Tra
28、velingataspeedofover400kilometersperhour,thetraincancompletethe30-kilometerjourneyineightminutes.Maglevmeans"magneticallylevitatedAA.TheTransrapidMaglevistheworld9sfirsthighspeedtrainusingmagneticlevitationtechnology.Magneticallylevitatedtrainstraveli
29、navacuumbetweentwomagnets.Therearenorailsandnonoise.Theytravelveryfastandtheyuselessenergy.OnDecember31,2002,PremierZhuRongjiandtheGermanchancellorattendedtheopeningceremonyofthetrainservice.BothleaderstookthetraintoPudongAirport.OnNovember12,2003
30、,theMaglevreachedaspeedof501kilometersperhouronthetrackbetweenLongyangStationandPudong,anewworldrecordspeedforatrain.Module4ASocialSurvey-MyNeighourhoodALivelyCityXL:Ifsgreattoseeyouagain,John.JM:Ifsgreattoseeyou!Ifsbeensixyearssincewelastsawe
31、achother,youknow.AndthisisthefirsttimeFvevisitedyourhometown.XL:Yes,Fmsogladyoucouldcome.JM:Youknow,FveseenquitealotofChinaandFvevisitedsomebeautifulcities,butthisisoneofthemostattractiveplacesFvebeento.Ifssolively,andeveryoneseemssofriendl
32、y.XL:Yes,ifsoneofthemostinterestingcitiesonthecoast,everyonesaysso.Ifeelveryfortunatelivinghere.AndIlovelivingbytheseaside.JM:youliveinthenorthwestofXiamen,isthatrightXL:Yes,thafsright.JM:WhafstheclimatelikeXL:Prettyhotandwetinthesummer,butit
36、ulangyuIsland,justacrossthewaterXL:Yes,itis.Ifsagorgeousislandwithsomereallyinterestingarchitecture.JM:Sotheytellme.DoyouthinkwecouldstopandwalkaroundforawhileXL:Yes,Iwasjustgoingtodothat.Wecanparkoverthere.Afriend9stoldmeaboutanicelittlefi
37、shrestaurantnearhere.ShallwegothereforlunchJM:Thatsoundsgreat.Fmstarving!CulturalcomerInsomecountriesinwesternEurope,suchasFrance,SpainandBritain,thecountrysideischanging.Lifehasbecomedifficultformanyvillages,andsomearedisappearing.Thereareanumberofr
38、easonsforthis.Firstly,youngpeoplefromvillagesusuallywanttolivesomewherelivelierandtheyoftenmovetothetownsanddonotreturn.Secondly,peoplemovetothecitiestofindwork,asthereareoftenveryfewjobsinthecountryside.Sometimesvillagesremainbecausepeoplefromthe
39、citieshaveboughta"secondhome"inthevillage,wheretheycomeandstayatweekends.Thepriceofhomesgoesupandpeoplefromtheareacannotaffordtobuyahousethere.Anotherproblemisthatitisbecomingmoreandmoredifficultforfarmerstomakemoneyfromtheirfarms.Sot
40、heyselltheirlandandfindanotherjob.AllthesethingsmeanthatmanyvillagesinWesternEuropearefightingtosurvive.Wecanonlyhopethattheywillremain.Thecountrysidewouldbeasadderanduglierplacewithoutthem.Module5ALessoninaLabPassageAItishardtothinkofaworldwith
41、outmetals.Differentmetalshavedifferentuses,forexample,steelisusedincars,andironisusedinelectricalequipment.Whenweusemetals,itisimportanttoknowhowtheyreactwithdifferentsubstances,forexample,waterandoxygen.Thereactionofmetalswiththesesubstancescanbepu
42、tinorder.Hereisatablewiththemetalsthatreactmostatthetop,andthemetalsthatreactleastatthebottom.PassageBASimpleScientificExperimentBelowisadescriptionofasimplescientificexperiment.Itshowsushowironreactswithairandwithwater.Aim:Tofindoutifironrusts
43、(a)indryair;(b)inwaterthathasnoairinit(air-freewater);(c)inordinarywater.Apparatus:3cleanironnails;resttubes;testtubeholder;cottonwool;oil;Bunsenburner.IronindryairMethodPutsomeironnailsatthebottomofatesttube.Pushsomecottonwooldownthetube.Leave
44、thetubeforoneweek.ResultAfteroneweek,thenailshavenotrusted.ConclusionIrondoesnotrustindryair*.Ironinair-freewaterMethodHalf-fillatesttubewithwater.Boilthewaterforthreeminutes,(thismakessurethereisnoairinthewater.)Puttwoorthreecleannailsinthewater.Add
45、someoiltothewater.Thiswillkeepairoutofthewater.Leavethetubeforoneweek.ResultThenailsdonotrustinthetubewithair-freewater.ConclusionIrondoesnotrustinair-freewater.IroninordinarywaterMethodHalf-fillatesttubewithwaterandaddtwoorthreecleannails.Leavet
46、hetubeforoneweek.ResultThenailsrustinthetubewithordinarywater.ConclusionIronrustsinordinarywater.CulturalComerMyfeelingsaboutsciencehavereallychanged.Ineverusedtoenjoyscience,butlastyearIchangedschools,andthescienceteachersatmynewschoolareexcellent.The
47、sciencefacilitiesareverygood,withlaboratoriesthathaveallthelatestequipment.Ourchemistryteacher,MrLongford,takesustopublicsciencelecturesaboutfourtimesaterm,andthesearealwaysveryinteresting,asthelecturersarepeoplewhohavemaderealdiscoveriesintheirarea
48、ofscience.Thefactis,Canadahasmanyfirst-classscientists.Inthelasttwentyyears,sevenCanadianscientistshavewontheNobelPrize!TheNobelPrizeisthehighestscientificprizethereis,soweshouldbeveryproudofthat,Fmbecomingmoreandmoreinterestedinphysics,andhavedeci
49、dedthatIwanttostudyitatuniversity.FmgoingtotrytogotoeitherMontrealorOttawaUniversity,asbotharesupposedtohavegoodPhysicsDepartments.Myparentsareastonished.TheyalwaysthoughtIwouldbecomeanEnglishteacher!Module6TheinternetandTelecommunicationsPassageThei
50、nternetisthebiggestsourceofinformationintheworld,andit9saccessiblethroughacomputer.Itconsistsofmillionsofpagesofdata.In1969,DARPA,aUSdefenceorganization,developedawayforalltheircomputersto"talktoeachotherthroughthetelephone.Theycreatedanetworkof
51、computerscalledDARPANET.Forfifteenyears,onlytheUSarmycouldusethissystemofcommunication.Thenin1984,theUSNationalScienceFoundation(NSF)startedtheNSFNETnetwork.Itthenbecamepossibleforuniversitiestousethesystemaswell.NSFNETbecameknownastheInterNetwork,o
52、r"Internet".TheWorldWideWeb(theweb)isacomputernetworkthatallowscomputeruserstoaccessinformationfrommillionsofwebsitesviatheInternet.Atthemoment,about80percentofwebtrafficisinEnglish,butthispercentageisgoingdown.By2020,muchwebtrafficcouldbeinChinese.TheWorldWideWebwasinventedin1991byanEnglishscientist,TimBerners-Lee.Berners-Leebuilthisfirstcomputerwhilehewasatuniversityusinganoldtelevision!HecameupwiththeideaoftheWorldWideWebin1989whilehewasworkingin