本场考试三篇全新，难度高。第一篇反刍动物，难度中规中矩;第二篇主题是健康，难度一般;第三篇摄影师，难度比一般的人物类要高。
二、具体题目分析：
PassageOne：
n题型及数量：单选+特征匹配+填空
Bovids
A
ThefamilyofmammalscalledbovidsbelongstotheArtiodactylclass,whichalsoincludesgiraffes.Bovidsareahighlydiversegroupconsistingof137species,someofwhichareman’smostimportantdomesticanimals.
B
BovidsarewellrepresentedinmostpartsofEurasiaandSoutheastAsianislands,buttheyarebyfarthemostnumerousanddiverseinthelatterSomespeciesofbovidaresolitary,butothersliveinlargegroupswithcomplexsocialstructures.Althoughbovidshaveadaptedtoawiderangeofhabitats,fromarctictundratodeeptropicalforest,themajorityofspeciesfavouropengrassland,scrubordesert.Thisdiversityofhabitatisalsomatchedbygreatdiversityinsizeandform:atoneextremeistheroyalantelopeofWestAfrica,whichstandsamere25cmattheshoulder;attheother,themassivelybuiltbisonofNorthAmericaandEurope,growingtoashoulderheightof2.2m.
C
Despitedifferencesinsizeandappearance,bovidsareunitedbythepossessionofcertaincommonfeatures.Allspeciesareruminants,whichmeansthattheyretainundigestedfoodintheirstomachs,andregurgitateitasnecessary.Bovidsarealmostexclusivelyherbivorous:plant-eating“incisors:frontteethherbivorous”.
D
Typicallytheirteetharehighlymodifiedforbrowsingandgrazing:grassorfoliageiscroppedwiththeupperlipandlowerincisors**(theupperincisorsareusuallyabsent),andthengrounddownbythecheekteeth.Aswellashavingcloven,orsplit,hooves,themalesofailbovidspeciesandthefemalesofmostcarryhorns.Bovidhornshavebonycorescoveredinasheathofhornymaterialthatisconstantlyrenewedfromwithin;theyareunbranchedandnevershed.Theyvaryinshapeandsize:therelativelysimplehornsofalargeIndianbuffalomaymeasurearound4mfromtiptotipalongtheoutercurve,whilethevariousgazelleshavehornswithavarietyofelegantcurves.
E
Fivegroups,orsub-families,maybedistinguished:Bovinae,Antelope,Caprinae,CephalophinaeandAntilocapridae.Thesub-familyBovinaecomprisesmostofthelargerbovids,includingtheAfricanbongo,andnilgae,eland,bisonandcattle.Unlikemostotherbovidstheyareallnon-territorial.Theancestorsofthevariousspeciesofdomesticcattlebanteng,gaur,yakandwaterbuffaloaregenerallyrareandendangeredinthewild,whiletheauroch(theancestorofthedomesticcattleofEurope)isextinct.
F
Theterm‘antelopeisnotaveryprecisezoologicalname–itisusedtolooselydescribeanumberofbovidsthathavefolloweddifferentlinesofdevelopment.Antelopesaretypicallylong-legged,fast-runningspecies,oftenwithlonghornsthatmaybelaidalongthebackwhentheanimalisinfullflight.Therearetwomainsub-groupsofantelope:Hippotraginae,whichincludestheoryxandtheaddax,andAntilopinae,whichgenerallycontainsslighterandmoregracefulanimalssuchasgazelleandthespringbok.Antelopesaremainlygrasslandspecies,butmanyhaveadaptedtofloodedgrasslands:pukus,waterbucksandlechwesareallgoodatswimming,usuallyfeedingindeepwater,whilethesitatungahaslong,splayedhoovesthatenableittowalkfreelyonswampyground.
G
Thesub-familyCaprinaeincludesthesheepandthegoat,togetherwithvariousrelativessuchasthegoralandthetahr.Mostarewoollyorhavelonghair.Severalspecies,suchaswildgoats,chamoisandibex,areagilecliff–andmountain-dwellers.Toleranceofextremeconditionsismostmarkedinthisgroup:Barbaryandbighornsheephaveadaptedtoariddeserts,whileRockyMountainsheepsurvivehighupinmountainsandmuskoxeninarctictundra.
H
TheduikerofAfricabelongstotheCephalophinaesub-family.Itisgenerallysmallandsolitary,oftenlivinginthickforest.Althoughmainlyfeedingongrassandleaves,someduikers–unlikemostotherbovids–arebelievedtoeatinsectsandfeedondeadanimalcarcasses,andeventokillsmallanimals.
I
ThepronghornisthesolesurvivorofaNewWorldsub-familyofherbivorousruminants,theAntilocapridaeinNorthAmerica.ItissimilarinappearanceandhabitstotheOldWorldantelope.AlthoughgreatlyreducedinnumberssincethearrivalofEuropeans,andthesubsequentenclosureofgrasslands,thepronghornisstillfoundinconsiderablenumbersthroughoutNorthAmerica,fromWashingtonStatetoMexico.Whenalarmedbytheapproachofwolvesorotherpredators,hairsonthepronghorn’srumpstanderect,soshowingandemphasizingthewhitepatchthere.Atthissignal,thewholeherdgallopsoffatspeedofover60kmperhour.
Questions1-3
Choosethecorrectletter,A,B,CorD.
Writeyouranswersinboxes1-3onyouranswersheet.
1Inwhichregionisthebiggestrangeofbovidstobefound
AAfrica
BEurasia
CNorthAmerica
DSouth-eastAsia
2Mostbovidshaveapreferenceforlivingin
Aisolation
Bsmallgroups
Ctropicalforest
Dwideopenspaces
3Whichofthefollowingfeaturesdoallbovidshaveincommon
ATheirhornsareshot
BTheyhaveupperincisors
CTheystorefoodinthebody
DTheirhoovesareundivided
Questions4-8
Lookatthefollowingcharacteristics(Questions4-8)andthelistofsub-familiesbelow.
Matcheachcharacteristicwiththecorrectsub-family,A,B,CorD.
Writethecorrectletter,A,B,CorD,inboxes4-8onyouranswersheet.
NBYoumayuseanylettermorethanonce
4canendureveryharshenvironments
5includestheoxandthecow
6maysupplementitsdietwithmeat
7canusuallymoveaspeed
8doesnotdefendaparticularareaofland
Listofsub-families
AAntelope
BBovinae
CCaprinae
DCephalophinae
Questions9-13
Answerthequestionsbelow.
ChooseNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSfromthepassageforeachanswer.
Writeyouranswersinboxes9-13onyouranswersheet.
9WhatisthesmallestspeciesofBovidcalled
10WhichspeciesofBovinaehosnowdiedout
11Whatfacilitatesthemovementofthesitatungaoverwetland
12Whatsortofterraindobarbarysheeplivein
13WhatistheonlylivingmemberoftheAntilocapridaesub-family
参考答案
1.D
2.D
3.C
4.C
5.B
6.D
7.A
8.B
9.(the)royalantelope
10.(the)auroch
11.long,splayedhooves
12.ariddeserts
13.(the)pronghorn
可参考真题：剑桥19—TEST4Passage1TheimpactofclimatechangeonbutterfliesinBritain
PassageTwo：
n题型及数量：待补充
n题目及答案：待补充
可参考真题：剑9—TEST2Passage1ChildrenwithAuditoryProblems
PassageThree：
可参考真题：剑桥17—TEST4Passage3TimurGareyev-blindfoldchesschampion
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