34/34书虫莎士比亚简介中英双语书虫《威廉·莎士比亚》中英双语
:[英]芭斯特(JenniferBassett)
内容简介:1578年艾汶河畔的斯特拉福镇。有位男孩坐在书桌旁专心地学习,他认真听课、拼命看书。可他在想些什么呢?
1587年伦敦。一位年轻人首次到伦敦谋生。他听着闹市的喧嚣声,看看伦敦塔雄伟的大墙,望着泰晤士河的淙淙流水。“静谧的泰晤士河,潺潺地流淌,直到我唱完心中的歌。”
1601年伦敦。泰晤士河上的船夫对人群大声喊着:“快来,快来,快来呀!‘环球剧院’快挤满人啦!”2000多观众渡过河,前来观看莎士比亚的最新一部戏剧——《哈姆雷特》。
这本讲述莎士比亚生平故事的书是由托比叙述的。托比不是一个真实的人物——或许莎士比亚也曾有过这样一位朋友,不过,我们无法确知。但是书中的其他人物历史上确有其人。他们非常熟悉这位演员、诗人兼剧作家莎士比亚。他们称他“莎士比亚缙绅”,都认为他是英国最杰出的诗人。他的朋友本·琼生曾这样写道:
“他不属于一个时代,而是属于所有的时代。”
简介:詹妮·芭斯特是位资历很深的教师和作家。她生活在英国西南的德文郡。
威廉莎士比亚
1Tobyremembers1托比的回忆
MynameisToby.I'manoldman,eighty-threethisspring.MyhouseisrightinthemiddleofStratford-upon-Avon,andIcanwatchthestreetmarketfrommywindow.ButIliveveryquietlynow.I'mjustanoldman,sittinginachair.
我叫托比,一位年迈的老人,今年春天年过83岁。家住艾汶河畔斯特拉福镇中心,透过窗户,便可以望到街道的闹市。我的生活平和宁静,毕竟我已是一位要在轮椅上安度晚年的老头子了。
IonceknewthegreatestmaninEngland.ForthirtyyearsIwashisfriend.Iworkedwithhiminthetheatre,throughthegoodtimesandthebadtime.Hewasagoodfriendtome.Hewasalsothebestplaywright,thebestpoet,thateverlivedinEngland.WillShakespearewashisname.
我曾认识英国的一位最伟大的人物。我与他相交30年,同在剧团工作,也共同度过人生中欢乐与艰辛的岁月。他是我的好友,也是英国有史以来最优秀的剧作家,最杰出的诗人。他就是威尔·莎士比亚。
Isawallhisplaysinthetheatre.Peoplelovedthem.Theyshouted,laughedandCRIed,ateoranges,andcalledformore.Allkindsofpeople.Kings,Queens,Princes,greatlordsandladies,poorpeople,theboyswhoheldthehorses…everyone.WillShakespearecouldpleasethemall.
我看过他所有上演的戏剧。这些戏剧颇受欢迎,也一度令观众狂喜大悲,不过他们都希望能看到他更多的戏剧。形形色色的人,上自国王、王后、王子和豪富名女,下至贫苦百姓和牵马的脚夫……所有的人,威尔·莎士比亚都能令他们开心欢娱。
Heputmeinaplayonce.Well,heusedmyname-Toby.TwelfthNightwastheplay,Iremember.SirTobyBelch.Hewasabigfatman,wholikeddrinkingtoomuchandhavingagoodtime.QueenElizabeththeFirstwatchedthatplay-onTwelfthNight,the6thofJanuary,1601.Shelikedit,too.
他曾将我写进剧本,剧中用了我的原名——托比。我记得剧名为《第十二夜》,剧中的托比·培尔契爵士又大又胖而且喜欢酗酒行乐。女王伊丽莎白一世于1601年1月6号观看了此剧——《第十二夜》,也很喜欢。
Will'sdeadnow,ofcourse.He'sbeendeadmorethanthirtyyears,andnooneseeshisplaysnow.ThePuritanshaveclosedallthetheatres.There'snosinging,nodancing,noplays.Itwasn'tlikethatinmyyoungdays.WehadagoodtimeinLondon,WillandI…
当然威尔现在已不在人世,他过世都30多年了,如今没有人能看到他的戏。自从清教徒关闭了所有的剧院,就不再有歌声、舞蹈和戏剧了。如今的情形同我年轻时与威尔在伦敦度过的快乐时光相比已经大不一样了。
I'venoteethnow,andmyhairhasallfallenout,butIcanstillthink—andremember.IrememberwhenWillandIwereyoung,justboysreally…
现在虽然我一副老态,没有牙齿,头发也掉光了,但我还能思考——还能回忆,我记得威尔和我年轻的时候,还是孩子的时候……
2Stratford-upon-Avon2艾汶河畔的斯特拉福镇
ItwasasunnydayinOctober1579whenIfirstmetWill,justoutsideStratford,nearabigfieldofappletrees.Isawaboyupinoneofthetrees.Hehadredhairandlookedabouttwoyearsolderthanme.
我第一次遇见威尔是在1579年10月的一天。那天,阳光明媚,就在斯特拉福镇外一座大苹果园附近,我看见有棵苹果树上坐着一位小男孩,长着红棕色头发,看模样大概大我两岁。
‘Whatareyoudoingupthere?’Icalled.
“你在上边干什么?”我叫道。
‘Justgettingafewapples,’hesaid,smiling
“摘苹果。”他笑着答道。
‘ThoseareFarmerNash'sapples,Isaid,‘andhe'llsendhisdogsafteryouifheseesyou.’
“那可是纳什农场主的苹果,”我说,“如果他发现了,就要放狗咬你的。”
‘MrNashhasgonetomarket,’theboysaid.‘Comeon!They'regoodapples.’
“纳什先生去集市了,”男孩说道,“来吧!苹果不错。”
ThenextminuteIwasupthetreewithhim.ButWillwaswrong.FarmerNashwasn'tatthemarket,andafewminuteslaterwesawhisangryredfaceabovethewallonthefarsideofthefield.
一会儿我也上了树。但是威尔错了,纳什先生并没去集市,几分钟后我们看见果园那端墙头露出一张气得发红的脸。
WillandIranlikethewindandonlystoppedwhenwereachedtheriver.Wesatdowntoeatourapples.
威尔和我见势撒腿就跑,一口气跑到河边才坐下来吃苹果。
Willwasfifteen,andlivedinHenleyStreet,hetoldme.HisfatherwasJohnShakespeare,andhehadasister,Joan,andtwoyoungerbrothers,GilbertandRichard.Therewasanothersisterwhodied,Ilearntlater.Andthenextyearhehadanotherbrother,littleEdmund—thebabyofthefamily.
威尔告诉我,他15岁,住在亨里街。家中有父亲约翰·莎士比亚,妹妹琼和两个弟弟,吉尔伯特和理查。我后来听说他另有一位姐姐死了。第二年他又添了一个弟弟——威尔家的赤子小埃德蒙。‘Now,whataboutyou?’heasked.
“那么你呢?”他问道。
‘There'sonlymeandmysister,’Isaid.‘Myparentsaredead,andwelivewithmymother'sbrother:He'sashoe-makerinElyStreetandIworkforhim.Whatdoyoudo?’“家里只有我和姐姐,”我说,“父母死后我们住在舅舅家。他是埃利街的一个鞋匠,我为他打工。你现在干什么?”
‘IgotoMrJenkins'schoolinChurchStreet,’Willsaid.‘Everyday,fromseveno'clockuntilfiveo'clock.NotSundays,ofcourse.’
“我在教堂街詹金斯先生的学校就读,”威尔说,“每天从上午7点到下午5点上学,当然不包括星期天。”
Iwassorryforhim.‘Isn'tisboring?’Iasked.
我真为他难过。“这难道不乏味吗?”我问道。
‘Sometimes.Usuallyit'sallright.’Helaybackandputhishandsbehindhishead.‘ButwehavetoreadandlearnalltheseLatinwriters.Iwanttoreadmodernwriters,andEng-lishwriters,likeGeoffreyChaucer.Canyouread?’heasked.
“偶尔有这种感觉,不过通常觉得学校的生活也不错。”他仰身躺下,双手枕着头,“在学校,我们不得不学习所有那些拉丁作家的作品。可我只想阅读现代作家和英国作家的作品,比如杰弗利·乔叟。你会看书吗?”他问道。
‘OfcourseIcanread!’Isaid.‘Iwenttoschool.’
“当然会啦!”我说,“我上过学。”
Willsatupandbegantoeatanotherapple.‘Iwanttobeawriter,’hesaid.‘Apoet.Iwantthatmorethananythingintheworld.’
威尔坐起来又吃了一个苹果。“我想成为作家,”他继续说道,“诗人。世上再没有比这更令我神往的。”
Wewerefriendsfromthatday,untilthedayhedied.Wemetnearlyeveryday,andhetaughtmealotaboutbooksandpoetryandwriters.Healwayshadhisnoseinabook.自那天起我们就成了莫逆之交,直到他过世。我们几乎每天见面,他教了我许多书本和文学上的知识。他总是埋头博览群书。
WhenWillleftschool,heworkedforhisfatherinHenleyStreet.JohnShakespearewasaglove-maker,andhehadotherbusinesstoo,likebuyingandsellingsheep.ButWillwasn'tinterested.
威尔离开学校后就在亨里街帮助父亲料理生意。约翰·莎士比亚是一位手套工匠,同时经营其他生意,如羊的买卖生意。但威尔对做生意却不感兴趣。
‘Whatarewegoingtodo,Toby?’hesaidtomeoneday.‘Wecan'tspendallourlivesmakingshoesandgloves!’
“托比,接下来你有何打算?”有一天他问我。“我们不能一辈子都做鞋和做手套吧!”
‘Well,’Isaid,‘wecouldrunawaytoseaandbesailors.Sailroundtheworld,likeFrancisDrake.
“对呀,”我说,“我们跑到海上当海员会,像弗朗西斯·杜雷克一样环绕地球航行。”
DrakesailedbacktoPlymouthin1581,afterhisthree-yearjourneyroundtheworld,butwewerestillinStratford.Wemadelotsofplans,butnothingevercameofthem.杜雷克在环绕地球航行三年后于1581年回到普利茅斯,可我们还是呆在斯特拉福镇。尽管也制定了种种计划,但始终未付诸行动。
Willwasstillreadingalotandhewasalreadywritingpoemshimself.Hesometimesshowedthemtome,andIsaidtheywereverygood.Ididn'treallyknowanythingaboutpoetrythen,buthewasmyfriend.
Willwasnothappywithhiswriting.‘I'vegotsomuchtolearn,Toby,’hesaid.‘Somuchtolearn.’
威尔对自己的诗歌并不满意。“托比,我要学的东西太多了。”他说,“实在太多了。”
PoorWill.Hehadalottolearnaboutwomen,too.OnedayinOctober1582hecametomyhousewithalongface.
可怜的威尔。他还得学会了解每个人。1582年10月的一天他来到我的住处,神情沉郁。
‘I'llneverleaveStratford.’hesaid.
“我永远不能离开斯特拉福镇了。”他说。
‘Whynot?’Iasked.‘We'llgetawayoneday.You'llsee.’
“为什么不能?”我问道,“总有一天我们会离开此地。你等着瞧。”
‘Perhapsyouwill,’hesaid,‘butI'mgoingtobemarriedinafewweeks'time.ToAnneHathaway.’
“或许你还行,”他说,“但过几个星期我就要结婚了。同安·哈瑟维结婚。”
Mymouthfellopenandstayedopen.‘Married!ToAnneHathaway?IsthattheHathawaysoveratShottery?’
一听此言我张着嘴愣了好久。“结婚。同安·哈瑟维结婚?你是说肖特雷邻乡哈瑟维家的女儿?”‘Yes,’Willsaid.Iwasworkingonsomeshoesonthetable,andWillpickedoneupandlookedatit.
“没错,”威尔说。当时我在做鞋,威尔拿起桌上一支鞋,看看。
‘Well,er,she'safinegirl,ofcourse,’Isaiduncomfort-ably.‘But…but,Will,she'stwenty-sixandyou'reonlyeighteen!’
“当然,嗯,她是个好姑娘,”我同情地说道,“不过……不过,威尔,她已经26岁了,你才18岁呀!”
‘Iknow,’Willsaid.‘ButI'vegottomarryher.’
“我知道,”威尔说,“但是我非娶她不行。”
‘Ohno!’Isaid.‘Youmean,she's…’
“哦,不可能这样吧!”我说,“你是说,她已经……”
‘That'sright,’saidWill.‘Inaboutsixmonths'timeI'mgoingtobeafather.’“你猜对了,”威尔说道,“再过6个月我就要当爸爸了。”
3Theactorscometotown3演员来到镇上
WillmarriedAnneHathawayinNovember,andshecametoliveinHenleyStreet.JohnShakespearewaspleasedthathisoldestsonwasmarried,butIdon'tthinkWill'smotherwantedhimtomarrysoyoung.Familiescostalotofmoney,andJohnShakespearewashavingalotofmoneytroublesinthosedays.TimeswerehardinHenleyStreet.
SusannawasbornthenextMay.Allbabieslookthesametome,butWillwasverypleasedwithher.
次年5月女儿苏珊娜出世。对我来说,所有的孩子没什么不一样,但威尔欣喜若狂。
‘Look,Toby,she'sgotmyeyes,’hesaidhappily.‘She'sgoingtobeasbeautifulastheQueenofEgypt,andascleverasKingSolomon.’
“托比,你瞧,她的眼睛长得真像我,”他高兴地说着,“长大后,她会美丽如埃及艳后,聪明如所罗门国王。”
‘Ohyes?’Isaid.‘Allparentstalklikethatabouttheirchildren.Idon'tbelieveawordofit.’
“是吗?”我说,“所有父母都是这么说自己的孩子。我可不信。”
Ididn'tseemuchofWill'swife.Iknewshedidn'tlikeme.Toher,IwasoneofWill'swildfriends,whogothimintotrouble.Shecamefromaveryserious,Puritanfamily.Lotsofchurch-going,andnosingingordancing.
我不常见到威尔夫人,也清楚她不喜欢我。对她而言,我是威尔的一个粗野朋友,这种朋友只会让他出麻烦。她出生于一个虔诚的清教徒家庭,除了去教堂外根本不懂音乐和舞蹈。
Soontherewasanotherbabyontheway,andoneeveninginFebruary1585IhurriedroundtoHenleyStreettohearthenews.Will'ssister,Joan,openedthedoor,andthenWillcamerunningdownthestairs.
不久,又一个孩子要出世了。1585年2月的一个夜晚我急匆匆地赶到亨里街去打听消息。威尔的妹妹琼为我开了门,接着就见威尔跑下楼梯。
‘It'stwoofthem!’hesaid.‘Twins!Agirlandaboy.Isn'tthatwonderful!’“一胎两个呢!”他说道,“是双胞胎!一女一男。真是妙极了!”
Willhadsomegoodfriends,HamnetandJudithSadler,andhecalledthetwinsafterthem.JohnShakespearewasverypleasedtohavehisfirstgrandson,andeveryonewashappy.Forawhile.
WillandIstillwentaroundtogetherwhenwecould.Hewasstillreading,andwriting,andsoonIcouldseeachangeinhim.Hewastwenty-threenow,andhewasnothappywithhislife.
只要有机会威尔和我仍然经常来往,他依然读书写作,但是不久,我发现他变了。当时他23岁,但对生活不再知足。
‘Stratford'stoosmall,Toby,’hesaid.‘Tooslow.Tooquiet.Tooboring.I'vegottogetaway.’
“托比,斯特拉福镇实在太小了,”他说道,“发展缓慢,生活宁静,日子又单调,我必须离开此地。”
‘Yes,buthow?’Iasked.‘You'vegotafamily—threeyoungchildren,remember.’“是啊,可怎么离开呢?”我问道,“别忘了,你已经成家——还有三个孩子。”
Hedidn'tanswer.
他没有答话。
Inthesummermonthscompaniesofplayersoftencametosmalltowns,andin1587fivedifferentcompaniescame.WillandIalwayswenttoseetheplays.WilllovedtotalktotheactorsandtolistentoalltheirstoriesofLondon
夏天经常有剧团到小镇巡回演出,1587年分别来了五个剧团。威尔和我总是结伴去看戏。威尔爱找演员们交谈,听他们讲发生在伦敦的故事。
TheQueen'sMencametoStratfordinJune,andwewenttoseetheplay.Idon'trememberwhatitwas.IknowthatIlaughedalot,andthatWillsaiditwasastupidplay,withnotawordofpoetryinit.
6月“女王剧团”来到斯特拉福镇,我们又去看戏。这出戏的内容我已记不清楚,只记得当时看了直笑,但是威尔说这戏很糟糕,没有一句像样的诗歌。
‘Whydon'tyouwriteaplayyourself?’Itoldhim.
“那你为什么不自己动手写剧本呢?”我告诉他。
‘Writeaplay?’Helaughed.‘Annewouldneverspeaktomeagain.’
“写剧本?”他大笑,“这样的话,安可再也不理我了。”
Ididn'tsayanything,andWilllookedatmeandlaughedagain.
我不再说什么,威尔看看我又笑了。
Ithappenedafewmonthslater.IwalkedintotheShakespeares'kitchenoneevening,andtherewasAnne,withared,angryface,shoutingatthetopofhervoice.
几个月后事情就发生了。一天晚上我走进莎士比亚家的厨房,只见安涨红着脸,气呼呼地,她高声在嚷着:
‘Howcanyoudothistome?Andwhataboutthechildren—’Thenshesawmeandstopped.“你怎么能这样对我?孩子怎么办?”这时她瞧见我就将话止住了。
Willwassittingatthetable,andlookedpleasedtoseeme.‘I'vetoldAnne,’hesaidquietly,‘thatI'mgoingtoliveinLondon.Iwanttobeanactor,andtowriteplays,ifIcan.’
威尔坐在桌旁,见我来很高兴。“我已经告诉安了。”他平静地说道,“我打算到伦敦去谋生。我想当一名演员,如果行的话,写写剧本。”
‘Plays!’screamedAnne.‘Acting!Actorsaredirty,wickedpeople!They'reallthievesandCRIminals!Theydrinkalldayandtheynevergotochurch—’
“写剧本!”安尖声叫起来,“去演戏!做演员既丢脸又龌龊,他们都是小偷和罪犯!整天只知道喝酒行乐,也从来不去教堂——”
‘Don'tbestupid,Anne.Youknowthat'snottrue.Listen.I'llcomehomewhenIcan,butImustgotoLondon.Ican'tdoanythinginStratford.’Helookedatmeacrosstheroom.‘Areyoucomingwithme,Toby?’
“别犯傻了,安。你知道事实并不是这样。听着,一有机会我就回家探望,但我非去伦敦不可。呆在斯特拉福镇我不会有作为的。”他看了看房间对面的我,“托比,你想一起去吗?”
‘Howsooncanwestart?’Isaid.
“什么时候动身?”我说道。
4AnewlifeinLondon4伦敦的新生活
It'stwodaysjourneytoLondonbyhorse,andWilltalkedalltheway.Hiseyeswerebrightandexcited.Hewasfullofplans,andpoems,andaloveoflife.
坐了两天的马车我们抵达伦敦,一路上威尔谈笑风生,双眼熠熠生辉,此时他踌躇满志,对生活无限憧憬。
‘ItalkedtooneoftheQueen'sMen,’hetoldme.‘Hesaidthathecouldfindmeworkinthetheatre.Acting,perhaps.Orhelpingtowritesomeplays.Ishowedhimsomeofmywriting,andhewasveryinterested.
“我曾和‘女王剧团’的演员聊过天,”他告诉我,“他说可以帮我在剧团找个活干,或许可以演戏,或者让我帮忙写剧本。我曾给他看过一些我的作品,他很感兴趣。”
WhenwerodeintoLondon,Ibegantofeelafraid.Thiswasabig,bigcity,andwewerejusttwounimportantyoungmenfromasmalltown.I'llneverforgetthenoise,andthesmells,andthecrowds.Therewere200,000peoplelivingintheCityofLondon—Ineversawsomanypeoplebeforeinmylife.
我们驱车进入伦敦城时,我开始感到心慌。这是很大、很大的一座城市,而我们只是两个从小镇来的微不足道的小伙子。城市的拥挤、喧嚣掺和着种种气味至今令我记忆犹新。伦敦市内生活着20万居民——我以前从未见过这么多的人。
WewentdowntotheriverThamesandsawthefamousLondonBridge,withallitsshopsandhouses.DowntheriverwastheTowerofLondon.EnemiesoftheQueenwentintotheTowerthroughtherivergate,andmostlycameoutwithouttheirheads.
我们来到了泰晤士河,看到了著名的伦敦桥以及商店和住宅鳞次栉比。河下游便是伦敦塔,女王的敌人一旦从河上的闸门进了这座塔,几乎不能生还。
WefoundasmallinninEastcheap,nottooexpensive,andhadsomebread,meat,andbeerforoursupper.
我们在东切普塞德街找到一处不太贵的小客栈住下,晚饭吃了几块面包、肉,喝了点啤酒。
‘Well,we'rehere!’Willsaid.‘Atlast!’
“哇,我们终于到了这儿!”威尔说道,“终于!”
‘Mmm,’Isaid.‘Whatdowedonext?’
“是啊,”我说,“接下来我们干什么呢?”
Helaughed.‘Everything!’
他笑道:“什么都干!”
Thenextdaywebegantolookforwork.
第二天我们便出去找活干。
Thoseearlyyearswerewonderful.Wedidn'thavemuchmoney,ofcourse,andwehadtoworkveryhard.Anewactoronlygotsixshillingsaweek,andtherewasn'tworkeveryweek.Idecidednottobeanactor.
在伦敦最初几年的情况很好。由于身边钱不多,我们工作很卖劲。因为新演员一星期只能拿到6先令的报酬,更何况并不是每个星期都能上台演出,最后我决定放弃做演员。
‘Whynot?’saidwill.‘It'sagreatlife.’
“为什么不干呢?”威尔说道,“这生活不是很好吗。”
WewereworkingthatmonthfortheQueen'sMenatthetheatrecalledTheCurtainupinShoreditch.Willwasactingfoursmallpartsintwodifferentplays.Heplayedasoldierandamurdererinoneplay,andintheotherplayhewasathief,andalsoanItalianlordinlovewiththeQueenoftheNight.Andhelovedit.
那个月我们工作的“女王剧团”正在滨渠街的“窗帘剧院”演出。威尔分别在两出不同的戏中扮演了四个小角色,在一出戏中扮演士兵和凶杀犯,在另一出戏中同时扮演小偷和一位爱上奈特王后的意大利勋爵,他很喜欢这角色。
‘I'mnotcleverlikeyou,Isaid.‘Ican'trememberallthosewords.IforgetwhoIam!Isaythesoldier'swords,whenI'manItalianlord.Icomeonstagetoolate,ortoosoon.Istandinallthewrongplaces…’
“我不如你聪明,”我说,“我总记不住全部的台词。上了台又忘记自己演的角色!当我演意大利勋爵时我竟背出演士兵的台词。上台不是太迟就是太快,甚至会站错位置。”
Willlaughed.‘Whatareyougoingtodo,then?’
威尔笑道,“那你打算怎么办?”
‘Costumes,’Isaid.‘Andproperties.IhadatalkwithJohnHeminges,andhesaidtheyneedanewmantohelpwithalltheclothesandtheotherthings.’
“做戏装,”我说,“还有道具。我和约翰·海明谈过了,他说剧团也正需要有个人能帮着安排戏装和其它事情。”
‘Yes,’Willsaidslowly.‘You'llbegoodatthat.Now,I'vegotafightonstagetomorrow,andIhavetodiewithlotsofblood.Howareyougoingtogetmesomeblood?’
“那好吧,”威尔慢慢地说道,“你会干好的。对了,明天上台我要参加决斗,并且最后要失血过多而死。你打算怎样弄到血呢?”
‘I'vealreadygotit!Ismiledkindlyathim.‘Sheep'sbloodIgotitdownatSmithfieldmarketthismorning.Youcanhaveasmuchbloodasyouwant.I'mkeepingitwarmforyou!’“我早准备好啦!”我温和地笑道,“是羊血。今天早上我跑了一趟伦敦肉市场,你要多少血就有多少血。我会替你保管,不让它冻结。”
Willwasgoodatacting.Notthebest,butgood.Anactorhadtodoeverything.Hehadtolearnhiswords,ofcourse—perhapsforsixdifferentplaysatthesametime.Notheatreputonthesameplayeveryday.Hehadtodance,andsing,andplaymusic.Hehadtojump,andfall,andfight.Andthefightshadtolookreal.TheplaygoersofLondonknewarealfightwhentheysawone.
威尔善于演戏。虽称不上最出色,但已算很好的了。做演员真不容易,事事都得干。最起码得学会背台词——有可能同时得背六出不同的戏的台词,因为戏院并非每天上演同一出戏。做演员必须会奏乐,能歌善舞,还要跳跃,摔跤和决斗。决斗必须看起来像真的一样,否则伦敦市内的观众一眼就可以看出真假。
JohnHemingesoftheQueen'sMentaughtusbothalot.Hewasagoodfriend,thenandformanyyears.
“女王剧团”的约翰·海明成了我们多年的朋友,他教会我们俩许多东西。
Ihadalottolearn,too.Ilearnthowtomakeshoesoutofbrownpaper.Howtocleantheactorshatswithabitofbread.Thentheylookedlikenewagain.IranalloverLondontobuythebesthairforthewigs.Ilearnthowtomakefish,andfruit,andapieceofmeatoutofwoodandcolouredpaper.
当然我要学的东西很多。我学会了如何用牛皮纸做鞋,学会了用一点面包洗掉演员帽子上的污渍,使帽子焕然一新。我要跑遍伦敦买到最好的头发制成假发,还要懂得如何用木头和彩色纸做成鱼、水果和肉片。
Willwasbusydayandnight.Idon'tknowwhenheslept.Hewasactinginplays,hewaswritinghisownplays,hewasreadingbooks,hewasmeetingotherwriters,makingfriends…Hewaslearning,learning,learning.
威尔夜以继日地忙碌,连我都不知道他什么时候睡觉。他不停地演戏、写他自己的剧本、看书,接触其他作家,结识新朋友……他一直在学习、学习、再学习。
OnedaywewerehavingaglassofbeerwithRichardBurbageattheBoar'sHeadinEastcheap.BurbagewasanactorwithLordStrange'sMen.HewasveryfriendlywithWill.一天我们在东切普塞德街的公猪头酒吧同理查·白贝芝喝酒。白贝芝是“斯特林奇大臣剧团”的演员,对威尔很友好。
‘You'vewrittenfourplaysnow,Will,’hesaid.‘They'regood,andyou'regettingbetterallthetime.AndI'mgettingbetterasanactorallthetime.ComeandworkwithLordStrange'sMenattheRosetheatreonBankside.Youcanwriteforus.’
“威尔,你已经创作了四个剧本,”他说道,“剧本写得不错,你的创作一直在进步,而我的演技也日益精湛。你就到‘斯特林奇大臣剧团’来,在河滨的‘玫瑰剧院’工作吧。你可以为我们写剧本。”
SowebothwenttotheRose.JohnHemingescamewithus,andAugustinePhillips—hewasagoodactor,too.
于是我们俩都进了“玫瑰剧院”。一起过来的还有约翰·海明和奥古斯丁·菲利普——他也是个好演员。
WeworkedharderthaneverattheRose.Playswerealwaysintheafternoon,becauseofthedaylight.Wehadrehearsalsinthemorning,andbylunch-timepeoplewerealreadycomingacrosstherivertogettheirplacesfortheplay.Andmoreandmorepeoplecame.By1592LondonwashearingthenameWilliamShakespeareagainandagain.
在“玫瑰剧院”,我们比以往更加努力工作。由于需要日光,我们上午预演,下午演戏。到了吃午饭时,人们已经陆续过河来占位子等候看戏,而且每次来的观众有增无减。时至1592年,威廉·莎士比亚在伦敦已颇具名望。
5Theplagueyears5瘟疫流行时期
WillwrotehisplayRichardⅢforRichardBurbage,anditwasagreatsuccess.RichardtheThirdwasawickedking—amurderer-buthewaswonderfulonthestage,withBurbage'sgreatvoiceandfineacting.SoonallLondonwassayingKingRichard'sfamouswordswhenhishorseiskilledinwar:
威尔为理查·白贝芝编写了剧本《理查三世》,获得巨大成功。剧中的理查三世是个虚伪狡诈的暴君——一个谋权篡位的凶手——由于白贝芝雄浑的嗓音和精彩的表演使这一形象在舞台上活灵活现。不久全伦敦传遍了理查王在战场上由于战马挨了一刀而摔倒时高喊的那句名言:
Ahorse!ahorse!mykingdomforahorse!
“来一匹马!来一匹马吧!我的王位换一匹马!”
AllkindsofpeoplecametoseeplaysandWillwasmakingalotofnewfriends.Oneday,aftertheplay,hewastalkingtoayoungmanoutsidetheRose.Hewasaverybeautiful
youngman,abitlikeagirl,perhaps—butstillverygood-looking.Later,IaskedWillwhohewas.
形形色色的人慕名来看戏,威尔也因此结交了许多新朋友。一天,演出结束后,我看见在“玫瑰剧院”外他正和一个年轻人交谈。这人年少英俊,或许有点像女孩,不过依然相貌堂堂。后来,我向威尔问起这个人。
‘TheEarlofSouthampton,Willsaid.He'sonlyeighteen,buthelovespoetryandplays.’“他是索桑普敦伯爵,”威尔说道,“他年仅18岁,酷爱诗歌和戏剧。”
‘Isn'theafriendoftheEarlofEssex?’Iasked.EverybodyknewtheEarlofEssex.Hewasyoungandgood-looking—andsomepeoplesaidthatQueenElizabethwasinlovewithhim.
“他是不是爱塞克斯伯爵的朋友?”我问他。爱塞克斯伯爵无人不晓。他年轻英俊——有人说伊丽莎白女王也爱着他。
Idon'tknowaboutthat.TheQueenwasfifty-nineyearsold,andavery,verycleverwoman.Butitwastruethatshelikedtohavegood-lookingyoungmenaroundher,andtheEarlofEssexwasherfavourite.Then.Itallchangedlater,ofcourse.
这件事我倒不清楚。女王年已59岁,是个非常非常聪明的女人。但是女王喜欢年轻的、面目俊俏的男人陪伴左右是千真万确的,而爱塞克斯伯爵最得宠。不过后来一切都变了。
‘Yes,heis,’saidWill.‘ButIthinkEssexisadangerousmanHenryneedsbetterfriendsthanhim.’
“他的确是这样的人,”威尔说道,“但我认为爱塞克斯是个危险的人物,亨利需要结交比他更好的朋友。”
‘Henry,eh?’Isaid,surprised.‘Myword!DoyoureallycallhimHenry?NotLordSuthampton?’
“哦,亨利?”我诧异地说道,“真没想到!你真的叫他亨利吗?而不叫索桑普敦伯爵。”
‘Onlywhenotherpeoplearen'tthere.’Willlaughed.‘I'mstilljustanactorfromStratford,Toby.Notveryimportant.Let'sgoandhaveadrinkattheBoar'sHeadonourwayhome.’
“只有别人不在时才叫的,”威尔笑了起来,“托比,毕竟我还只是从斯特拉福镇来的一个演员而已,无足轻重。我们回去吧,顺便到公猪头酒吧喝一杯。”
Willwasalwayslikethat.Quiet,nevershoutingabouthimselftotheworld.
威尔这人就是这样,处世稳重,从不对世人标榜自己。
IntheBoar'sHeadwemetsomefriendsandstartedtalking.Thetalkwasallabouttheplague,whichwascomingbackagainintoLondon.
在公猪头酒吧我们遇见几位朋友,便开始高谈阔论起来。话题都是关于伦敦这次卷土重来的瘟疫。‘Haveyouheardthelatestnews?saidoneman.‘Theysaythatmorethanthirtypeoplearedyingeveryweeknow.’
“你是否听说了最新消息?”有人说道,“他们说,现在每星期都有30多人濒临死亡的危险。”‘AndtheCityCouncil,’saidanotherman,wantstocloseallthetheatres.TheyalwaysdothatwhentheplaguecomestoLondon.There'llbenoworkforanyofusactors.’“还听说市政参议会,”又有人说道,“准备关闭所有剧院。每回伦敦流行瘟疫他们都这么做。我们这些演员要失业了。”
‘Buttheplayerscangoontour,surely?’saidWill.
“但是我们可以巡回演出吗?”威尔建议道。
‘Yes,’saidthefirstman.‘Butit'sahardlife.Adifferenttown,adifferentinn,adifferentplay,everynight.IthinkI'llstayinLondon.’
“这主意不错,”第一个开口的人说道,“但生活太苦。我们每晚要颠沛辗转,不同的村庄、不同的旅社、不同的剧目,与其过这种生活,倒不如呆在伦敦。”
Theplagueisterribleinanyplace,butitwasworstinLondon.Inthosenarrowstreets,withhousessoclosetogether,andthedirtywaterrunningdownthemiddleofthestreet,therewasnoescape.Whentheplaguecame,itranlikefirethroughthetown.Ifsomeoneinahousegottheplague,thenthedoorswereshutandlocked,andabigredcrosswasputonthedoor.Nobodycouldleavethehouse.Youhadtostayinsideandfight—ordie.Ifyouwererich,youleftLondonasfastasyoucould.
其实,各地瘟疫都很严重,只不过伦敦尤其厉害。狭窄的街道、拥挤的房屋,街道中心污水横流,人们又怎能幸免。瘟疫一来,势不可挡,迅速传遍全城。一旦哪家有人染上了瘟疫,就被封闭房门,贴上红十字。任何人不准踏出房门。只得呆在家里与病魔作斗争——或者等死。如果家境富裕,还是尽早搬离伦敦才为上策。
InSeptember1592theCityCouncilclosedthetheatres.
1592年9月市政参议会封闭了剧院。
‘Arewegoingontour,Will?’Isaidtohimoneday.‘OrbacktoStratford?Wecan'tstayinLondon.’
“威尔,我们是去巡回演出呢?还是回斯特拉福镇?”有一天我问起他,“伦敦不能久留了。”‘YougobacktoStratford,Toby,’hesaidslowly.‘I'mgoingtoLordSouthampton'shomeinHampshireforawhile.He'saskedmetogoandstaywithhim.Icandosomewritingthere,readhisbooks,meetafewpeople.’
“托比,你回斯特拉福镇吧,”他缓缓地说道,“我暂时到汉普郡的索桑普敦勋爵家住一阵。他已经邀我和他同祝在那儿我可以搞搞创作,看看书,会会客人。”
Ilookedathim.‘There'sawomaninthissomewhere,isn'tthere?You'vehadastrangelookinyoureyesforweeks.’
我看着他说道:“此外也多少有点因为一个女人,是吧?几个星期来,你神情总有点怪怪的。”Willlaughed,butdidn'tanswermyquestion.
威尔笑起来,但没有回答我的问话。
ThetheatresinLondondidn'topenagainuntilJune1594.WilloftenvisitedLordSouthampton,butsometimeswewentontourwiththecompany,orspenttimeathomeinStratford.WillbegantospendmoretimeinStratford,becauseitwasquietthere,andhecoulddohiswriting.IneverheardwhatAnnethoughtaboutitall.
DuringthoseyearsWillwrotealotofpoetry.Hewrotehisbeautifullongpoem,VenusandAdonis,forhisfriendLordSouthampton,andhewrotemanyofhisfamousshortpoems,theSonnets.Buttheydidn'tgoinabook;theywereonlyforhisfriendstoread.这些年间威尔创作了大量的诗歌。他写了诗体绮丽的长诗《维纳斯与阿童尼》献给好友索桑普敦勋爵,而且也创作了许多著名的短诗,十四行诗。但这些诗歌并没有编辑成书,只供朋友赏读。
Oneday,whenwewerebackinLondon,Iwasreadingsomeofhislatestsonnets.Willwasoutsomewhere,andIwasathomeinourlodgingsinBishopsgate.Alotofthepoemswereaboutawoman,aterrible,black-haired,black-eyedwoman.Shewascoldandcruel,thenshewastrueandloving,andthenshewascruelagain.
我们又回到伦敦后的一天,威尔出门去了,我一个人呆在“毕晓普门街”的公寓里,翻阅着他最新创作的一些十四行诗。这组诗大都描写一个女人,一个黑头发、黑眼睛的可怕的女人。她性情乖张善变,一会儿冷若冰霜,冷酷无情,一会儿又热情洋溢,真诚多情。
ForIhavesworntheefair,andthoughttheebright,
“因为我曾赌咒说你美,说你璀粲,
Whoartasblackashell,asdarkasnight.
你却是地狱一般黑,夜一般暗。”
WasWillwritingabouthimselfhere?Iaskedmyself.Andwhowasthiswoman,thisDarkLady?
威尔诗中写的是自己吗?我不禁纳闷。这女人是谁?这个黑女人会是谁呢?
Ialwaysliketoknowwhat'sgoingon,soIlistened,andwatched,andlookedatallhiswomenfriends.
我这人总喜欢将事情弄个水落石出。于是我仔细观察他的每位异性朋友。
ThenonedayIsawher.Iwascominginthedooratourlodgings,andshewascomingdownstairs.Shehadblackhairandgreatstormyblackeyes,andtherewasgoldatherearsandroundherneck.Istoodbackandshewentpastmelikeashipsailingintowar.Shelookedwild,andangry,andvery,verybeautiful.
于是有一天我碰见了她。那天我正走进公寓大门,正巧她下楼,只见她一头秀发乌黑发亮,一双眼睛锐利有神,耳朵上戴着金耳环,脖子上挂着金项链。我往后退了几步为她让路,而她犹如一艘负有使命的战舰奔赴战场般风风火火地走过我身旁。看模样她疯狂不羁、一腔怒气,但长得丰姿绰约。
‘Whew!’Isaidtomyself.‘Ifthat'sWill'sDarkLady,he'llneverhaveaquiet,easylife!’
“哎呀!”我心里想,“如果这就是威尔诗中的那位黑女人,那他的生活就不得安宁了。”
ThewomanlookedItalian,soIwentandaskedJohnFlorioabouther.FloriowasLordSouthampton'sItalianteacher.Wesawalotofhiminthosedays.
这女人看上去像意大利人,我便去问约翰·佛罗里欧。佛罗里欧是索桑普敦勋爵的意大利语教师。那些日子我们时常见面。
IdesCRIbedthewoman,andheknewheratonce.
我把这女子描述了一番,他立即想起来了。
‘Emilia,’hesaid.‘EmiliaBassano.NowEmiliaLanier,wifetoAlphonsoLanier.Beforethat,shelivedwiththeoldLordChamberlain.Shewasnothiswife,youunderstand.Butwhydoyouwanttoknow,myfriend?’
“是埃米莉亚,”他说道,“埃米莉亚·巴塞诺。现在叫埃米莉亚·拉尼尔夫人,阿尔索·拉尼尔的妻子。这之前,她曾与那个老的宫内大臣同居。你也清楚她不是他的夫人。但我的朋友,你怎么打听起她来了?”
‘Ifshe'samarriedlady,shedoesn'thavealovernow,then?’
“如果她是有夫之妇,那么现在她没有情人吧?”
Floriolaughedloudly.‘Lovers!Youdon'tknowEmiliaLanier!She'sabadwoman,myfriend,abadwoman.’Nowhespokeveryquietly.‘ForatimeshewasthefriendofLordSouthampton.Butnotnow.Thatisallfinished.’
Ididn'taskhimaboutWill.PerhapsEmiliaLanierwasWill'sDarkLady,orperhapsWillwasjusttryingtohelphisfriendLordSouthampton.Nobodywilleverknownow.
我不再向他打听威尔的情况。或许埃米莉亚·拉尼尔就是威尔的黑女人,或许威尔只是想帮助他的好友索桑普敦勋爵。现在也无从确知了。
6Deathinthefamily6幼子夭折
Aftertheplagueyears,wewerebusyallthetime.TherewerenewcompaniesofplayersandWillnowbelongedtotheLordChamberlain'sMen.TheLordChamberlainwasaveryimportantman,closetotheQueen,andweoftenputonplaysfortheQueen'scourt,andinthehousesofthegreatlordsofEngland.Wehadsomeverygoodactors.TherewasWill,andRichardBurbage,ofcourse,andJohnHeminges.AndtherewasAugustinePhillips,HenryCondell,andThomasPope.Therewereotheractors,too,butthosesixweretherealcompany.Theyworkedtogetherformorethantwenty