新冠肺炎疫情发生以来,不仅中国人民的生命安全和身体健康面临重大威胁,全球公共卫生安全也面临重大挑战。为了帮助国际社会更好地了解中国人民抗疫斗争,为全球公共卫生治理提供参考借鉴,中国外文局所属当代中国与世界研究院、中国翻译研究院联合融媒体中心策划编写了《中国关键词:抗击新冠疫情篇》(KeyWordstoUnderstandChina:TheFightAgainstCOVID-19),从中央决策、政策部署、具体举措、疫情发展、国际援助和人物案例等六个方面,解读中国打赢疫情防控阻击战、携手应对全球挑战的担当与行动。第一批24条词汇中英文对照版如下。
一
中央决策DecisionsbytheCentralLeadership
生命重于泰山
SavingLivesIsofParamountImportance.
2020年1月25日,农历正月初一,中共中央政治局常委会召开会议,专门听取新冠肺炎疫情防控工作汇报,习近平主持会议并发表重要讲话,强调“生命重于泰山”。
“生命重于泰山”彰显了人民利益高于一切的重要原则,体现了中国共产党全心全意为人民服务的根本宗旨。
OnJanuary25,2020,thefirstdayoftheChineseLunarNewYear,theStandingCommitteeofthePoliticalBureauoftheCPCCentralCommitteeheldameetingandlistenedtoareportonepidemicpreventionandcontrol.XiJinpingpresidedoverthemeetingandemphasizedthat“savinglivesisofparamountimportance.”
“Savinglivesisofparamountimportance.”–ThisechoestheCPC’smissionofservingthepeoplewhole-heartedlyanditsprincipleoftakingtheinterestsofthepeopleaboveeverythingelse.
疫情就是命令,防控就是责任
GoWhereThereIsEpidemic,FightIttillItPerishes.
这是疫情防控关键时刻中共中央作出的重要部署,体现了中国共产党人心系人民的责任担当。
ThisisanimportantdeploymentmadebytheCPCCentralCommitteeatacriticalmoment.ItreflectstheChineseCommunists’careaboutthepeople,whoalwaysputthepeopleinthefirstplace.
把疫情防控工作作为当前最重要的工作来抓
EpidemicPreventionandControl:TopofCurrentAgenda.
这是在当前疫情防控非常时期的明确定位,为坚决打赢这场没有硝烟的战役标定了清晰坐标。
Thisunderscoredtheworkinthisemergencyperiodandsetclearcoordinatesforresolutelywinningthewarwithoutsmoke.
坚定信心、同舟共济、科学防治、精准施策
UnitedtoTakeScience-BasedandTargetedMeasuresandFighttheEpidemicwithConfidence.
这是中共中央审时度势、综合研判,对新冠肺炎疫情防控工作提出的总要求。
ThisisageneralrequirementbytheCPCCentralCommitteeforCOVID-19preventionandcontrolbasedonathoroughanalysisofthesituation.
坚决打赢疫情防控的人民战争、总体战、阻击战
ANation’sWarontheEpidemic.
2020年2月10日,习近平在北京市调研时指出,坚决打赢疫情防控的人民战争、总体战、阻击战。
DuringaninspectioninBeijingonFebruary10,2020,XiJinpingencouragedthepeopletobedeterminedtofightandwinthebattleagainsttheepidemicbymobilizingallresourcestocontrolthespreadofthevirus.
二
政策部署Anti-EpidemicGuidelinesandArrangements
中央应对疫情工作领导小组
TheCentralLeadingGroupforCOVID-19PreventionandControl.
2020年1月25日,中共中央政治局常委会召开专题会议,决定成立中央应对新冠肺炎疫情工作领导小组。
AtitsmeetingonJanuary25,2020,theStandingCommitteeofthePoliticalBureauoftheCPCCentralCommitteedecidedtoformaLeadingGroupoftheCPCCentralCommitteeforCOVID-19PreventionandControl.
向湖北等疫情严重地区派出指导组
TheCentralGuidingTeamDispatchedtoHubeiProvinceandOtherSeverely-HitRegions.
武汉和湖北是新冠肺炎疫情防控的重中之重,也是打赢疫情防控阻击战的主战场。2020年1月25日,中共中央政治局常委会召开专题会议,决定向湖北等疫情严重地区派出指导组,推动有关地方全面加强防控一线工作。
WuhancityandHubeiprovincearethetopprioritiesofepidemicpreventionandcontrol,andthemainbattlefieldsofthewaragainstthevirus.OnJanuary25,2020,theStandingCommitteeofthePoliticalBureauoftheCPCCentralCommitteedecidedtodispatchaCentralGuidingTeamtoHubeiprovinceandotherregionsseverelyhitbytheepidemic,aimingtocomprehensivelystrengthenepidemicpreventionandcontrolonthefrontline.
分区分级做好疫情防控工作
Region-SpecificandMulti-LevelApproachestoEpidemicPreventionandControl
分区分级做好疫情防控工作,就是立足地区特点和疫情形势因应施策。
Region-specificandmulti-levelapproachesaremeanttosuitthespecificfeaturesandepidemicsituationsofdifferentregions.
及时准确、公开透明发布疫情信息
PromptReleaseofAccurateEpidemicInformation
2020年1月25日,中共中央政治局常委会专题会议强调,要及时准确、公开透明发布疫情信息,回应境内外关切;要及时向世界卫生组织、有关国家和地区组织以及港澳台地区通报疫情信息,加强合作、全力应对,共同维护地区和全球卫生安全。
按照中央统一部署和要求,国务院新闻办公室1月26日起不定期就新冠病毒肺炎疫情联防联控工作有关情况举行发布会。1月27日起,国家卫生健康委每天上午举行新闻发布会。2月3日起,国务院应对新冠肺炎疫情联防联控机制新闻发布会每日举行。与此同时,湖北省及部分疫情比较重的地方每天也都举行新闻发布会。上述发布会及时通报疫情情况、防控举措、抗疫效果,主动回应社会关切、压缩谣言空间,进一步提高了新闻舆论工作的针对性和有效性。
TheStandingCommitteeofthePoliticalBureauoftheCPCCentralCommitteedemandedatitsmeetingonJanuary25,2020promptreleaseofaccurateinformationontheepidemicandtimelyresponsetoconcernsathomeandaboard.ItalsorequiredprovidingtimelyupdatesoftheepidemicwiththeWorldHealthOrganization(WHO),relevantcountriesandregionalorganizations,HongKongSAR,MacaoSARandTaiwanprovince,andenhancingcooperationinanall-outresponsetotheepidemic,inordertojointlysafeguardregionalandglobalhealthsafety.
Followingthearrangementsandrequirementsbythecentralleadership,theStateCouncilInformationOfficehassinceJanuary26heldpressconferencesatirregularintervalsonthejointeffortsinviruspreventionandcontrol.StartingfromJanuary27,theNationalHealthCommission(NHC)hasheldpressconferenceseverymorning.StartingfromFebruary3,theinter-agencytaskforceundertheJointPreventionandControlMechanismoftheStateCouncilhasheldpressconferencesdaily.Hubeiprovinceandotherregionsseverelyhitbytheepidemicalsoholdpressconferenceseveryday.Byreleasinglatestinformationabouttheepidemic,preventionandcontrolmeasuresandeffects,thesepressconferenceshavetakentheinitiativeinrespondingtopublicconcernsandquashingrumors,thushavefurtherimprovedtheeffectivenessofinformationdisclosure.
三
具体措施EffectiveMeasures
早发现、早报告、早隔离、早治疗
EarlyDetection,Reporting,IsolationandTreatment
2020年1月20日,国家卫生健康委高级别专家组研判指出,在疫情上升期,早发现、早隔离是最有效的防控手段,要尽可能减少传播。
OnJanuary20,2020,theHigh-levelExpertGroupoftheNHCpointedoutthatagainsttherapidescalationofthevirus,earlydetectionandearlyisolationarethemosteffectivemeanstoblockitandkeeptransmissiontoaminimum.
火神山医院
HuoshenshanHospital
为确保疑似和确诊病例“应收尽收、应治尽治”,2020年1月23日,武汉市决定参照2003年抗击非典期间北京小汤山医院模式,在武汉市蔡甸区知音湖附近建设一座专门医院,集中收治新冠肺炎患者,命名“火神山医院”。
Toensurethatallsuspectedandconfirmedcasescouldbereceivedandtreated,WuhandecidedonJanuary23,2020tobuildanemergencyhospitalnearZhiyinLakeinCaidianDistrict,followingthepracticeofBeijingwhenthecapitalbuilttheXiaotangshanHospitalduringitsfightagainstSARSin2003.Named“Huoshenshan”(“FireGodMountain”),thenewhospitalwasdesignedtotreatpatientssufferingfromnovelcoronaviruspneumonia.
雷神山医院
LeishenshanHospital
与火神山医院一样,雷神山医院也是中国抗击新冠肺炎疫情的重大工程。
LikeHuoshenshanHospital,LeishenshanHospital("ThunderGodMountain")wasalsoamajorprojectforChinatofightthenovelcoronavirusepidemic.
方舱医院
TemporaryTreatmentCenters
方舱医院是以医疗方舱为载体,综合集成医疗与医技保障功能的现代化机动医疗系统,由医疗功能单元、病房单元和技术保障单元等部分构成,主要承担重大灾害救援、应急支援保障、巡回医疗服务等任务。
截至2月22日,武汉市已投入运行16家方舱医院,开放病床超过12,000张。
Temporarytreatmentcenter,betterknownas“mobilecabinhospital”inChina,isamodernmobilemedicalsystemthattakesmedicalcabinasthecarrierandintegratesthefunctionsofmedicaltreatmentandclinicaltechnology.Composedofmedicaltreatmentunits,wardunitsandtechnicalsupportunits,temporarytreatmentcentersaremainlyusedinmajordisasterrescue,emergencysupport,itinerantmedicalservices,andothertasks.
ByFebruary22,16temporarytreatmentcentershadbeenputintooperationinWuhan,offeringmorethan12,000beds.
四
疫情发展AboutCOVID-19
新型冠状病毒
NovelCoronavirus
新型冠状病毒因2019年病毒性肺炎病例被发现,是以前从未在人类中发现的冠状病毒新毒株。已知的冠状病毒可引起感冒或中东呼吸综合征(MERS)、严重急性呼吸综合征(SARS)等不同程度的疾病。
世界卫生组织1月12日将此种新病毒暂命名为“2019-nCoV”,并于2月11日将新冠肺炎正式命名为“COVID-19”,其中"CO"代表Corona(冠状),"VI"代表Virus(病毒),"D"代表Disease(疾病),"19"代表疾病发现的年份2019年。
Thenovelcoronavirus,firstdiscoveredwithaviralpneumoniacasein2019,isanewstrainofcoronavirusthathadneverbeenfoundinhumansbefore.ThecoronavirusesalreadyknowncancausecoldorMiddleEastRespiratorySyndrome(MERS),SevereAcuteRespiratorySyndrome(SARS)andotherdiseasesofvaryingdegrees.
TheWHOtemporarilynamedthenewvirusas“2019-nCoV”onJanuary12,andofficiallynamedthepneumoniainfectedbythevirus“COVID-19”onFebruary11.“CO”standsforcorona,“VI”forvirus,“D”fordisease,and“19”fortheyear2019inwhichthediseasewasfirstdiscovered.
人传人
Human-to-HumanTransmission
2020年1月20日,新冠肺炎疫情科研攻关专家组组长、国家卫生健康委高级别专家组组长钟南山院士在接受采访时明确表示,此次新冠肺炎存在人传人的现象。这一科学判断让大众对于新冠肺炎疫情有了更深刻、更清晰的认知。自此,全国各地开始采取严格的防控措施。2月18日,钟南山院士在接受采访时提出,为有效阻止病毒人传人,迫切需要解决两个问题:一是正常人和病人分开,二是新冠肺炎病人和流感病人分开。
OnJanuary20,2020,AcademicianZhongNanshan,whoheadsChina’sCOVID-19ExpertTeamandtheHigh-levelExpertGroupoftheNHC,madeitclearinaninterviewthattherewasaphenomenonofhuman-to-humantransmissionforthenovelcoronavirus.Thisscientificjudgmenthasgiventhepublicadeeperandclearerunderstandingofthedisease.Sincethen,strictpreventionandcontrolmeasureshavebeenenforcedthroughoutthecountry.InaninterviewonFebruary18,ZhongNanshanpointedoutthattoeffectivelystophuman-to-humantransmissionofthevirus,theremustbeseparationofhealthypeoplefromtheinfected,andseparationofCOVID-19patientsfromflupatients.
PublicHealthEmergencyofInternationalConcern(PHEIC)
OnJanuary30,2020,WHODirector-GeneralTedrosAdhanomGhebreyesusdeclaredinGenevathenovelcoronavirusoutbreaka“publichealthemergencyofinternationalconcern.”
五
国际援助InternationalAid
国际社会积极合作与援助
CooperationofandAidfromtheInternationalCommunity
BytheendofFebruary,morethan170stateleadersandover40headsofinternationalandregionalorganizationshadsentwrittenororalmessages,orissuedstatementstoexpresssympathyandsupportforChina.
世界卫生组织大力支持和帮助
StrongWHOSupportandAssistance
SincetheonsetoftheCOVID-19outbreak,theWHOhasbeenhighlyconcernedwiththeepidemic.Ithasnotonlygivenunderstanding,supportandaffirmationtoChina’spreventionandcontrolefforts,butalsofullycooperatedwithChinaonthefightagainsttheepidemic.
日本:山川异域,风月同天
Japan:MilesApart,butCloseatHeart
1月29日,日本汉语教学考试机构HSK事务局在捐赠湖北的物资贴纸上,写下“山川异域,风月同天”的诗意留言,寓意中日两国虽然山川各异,然而却能同沐清风、共赏明月。
TheinternationalcommunityhasgivengreatunderstandingandsupporttoChinainitsfightagainsttheCOVID-19epidemic.JapanandChinaareneighborsthatalwaysoffermutualassistanceintimesofhardship.TheJapanesegovernmentandtheJapanesepeopletookimmediateactiontoprovideaidmaterialsandvoicesupport,bringingencouragementandwarmthtotheChinesegovernmentandtheChinesepeople.
“Milesapart,butcloseatheart.”Thiswasatwo-linepoemwritteninChinesebytheJapaneseHSKBureauontheboxesofsuppliesitdonatedtoChinainitsfightagainstthenovelcoronavirus.Asthepoemdescribes,whilemountainsandriversseparateChinaandJapan,thetwocountriesenjoythesamemoonlightunderthesamesky.
科摩罗:千里送鹅毛,礼轻情意重
Comoros:ItIstheKindnessThatCounts
在中国合力抗击新冠肺炎疫情之际,非洲岛国科摩罗的科中友好协会向中国捐助100欧元,用于支持中国人民的抗疫行动。中国民众纷纷表示,“千里送鹅毛,礼轻情意重”。
科摩罗是个典型的农渔业国家,大量粮食和生活用品需要进口,普通工人日薪低于10元,45%人口处于极端贫困中,是联合国公认的世界最不发达国家之一。科摩罗的科中友好协会最初打算向中方赠送一箱口罩,但他们找遍了当地超市和药店也没有买到,所以决定募捐“100欧元”,以这一象征性的金额表达对中国人民防疫斗争的支持。
TheComoros-ChinaFriendshipAssociationofComoros,whichisanislandnationintheIndianOcean,donated100eurostosupportChina’seffortsindealingwiththeepidemic.TheChinesepeoplebelieveitisthekindnessthatcounts.
Asacountrythatbasesitseconomyonagricultureandfishery,Comorosreliesheavilyonimportsofgrainsanddailynecessities.ItisconsideredoneoftheleastdevelopedcountriesbytheUnitedNations,astheordinaryworkersinthecountryearnlessthan10yuanaday,and45%ofitspopulationliveinextremepoverty.Theassociationoriginallyintendedtodonateaboxoffacemasks,butdidnotgetanyinlocalsupermarketsandpharmacies,sotheydecidedtodonate100eurosinstead,asasymbolicgesturetoshowtheirsupporttoChinainthefightagainsttheepidemic.
巴铁信任值千金
TheTrustof“IronPak”IsWorthMoreThanGold
2月10日,巴基斯坦国民议会和参议院分别通过决议,对中国抗击新冠病毒肺炎疫情表示支持。决议感谢中国政府为抗击疫情、保护巴基斯坦在华学生采取的措施,表示愿同中国展开全面合作。2月21日,巴基斯坦总理伊姆兰·汗专门致电习近平主席,表达慰问和支持,同时表示,由于中方的有效防控,疫情并未在世界蔓延,整个世界都应感谢并赞赏中方应对疫情的努力和成效,没有任何国家可以比中国做得更好。习近平强调,中巴两国是患难与共的真朋友、同甘共苦的好兄弟,中国将像对待本国公民一样,照顾好在华巴基斯坦兄弟姐妹。
ChinaandPakistanareall-whetherstrategiccooperativepartnerswhoenjoyatraditionofmutualassistance.Aftertheoutbreakofthenovelcoronavirus,PakistanimmediatelyvoicedsolidaritywithChina,offeringdonationsandassistancedespiteitsowndifficulties,andmaintainingallbilateralregularexchanges.IthasmadesolidmovestoshowtrustandsupporttoChina.
OnFebruary10,thePakistaniParliamentandSenateseparatelypassedaresolutiontosupportChinainitsfightagainsttheepidemic.TheresolutionsextendedappreciationtotheChinesegovernmentforprotectingPakistanistudentsstudyinginChinaamidtheepidemic,andexpressedwillingnesstofullycooperatewithChina.
OnFebruary21,PakistaniPrimeMinisterImranKhancalledChinesePresidentXiJinpingtoexpresssympathyandsupport.BecauseofChina’seffectivepreventionandcontrolefforts,theCOVID-19hasnotspreadaroundtheworld,hesaid,addingthatthewholeworldshouldcommendandappreciateChina’seffortsandachievementsincontainingthevirus,andnoothercountrycandobetterthanChina.XiemphasizedthatChinaandPakistanaretruefriendsandgoodbrotherswhosharewealandwoe,andChinawilltakegoodcareofPakistanibrothersandsistersinChinathesamewayasitsowncitizens.
六
人物案例BraveFighters
钟南山:新冠肺炎疫情科研攻关专家组组长
ZhongNanshan,HeadofChina’sCOVID-19ExpertTeam
钟南山,中国国家呼吸系统疾病临床医学研究中心主任,中国工程院院士,中国防治呼吸道传染病的领军人。
ZhongNanshanisdirectoroftheNationalClinicalResearchCenterforRespiratoryDisease,anacademicianoftheChineseAcademyofEngineering,andaleadingChineseexpertinpreventingandtreatingrespiratoryinfectiousdiseases.
李兰娟:国家传染病重点学科带头人
LiLanjuan:PioneerofEpidemiology
李兰娟,中国传染病学专家,国家卫生健康委高级别专家组成员,中国工程院院士。
LiLanjuanisaChineseepidemiologist,amemberoftheHigh-levelExpertGroupoftheNHC,andanacademicianoftheChineseAcademyofEngineering.
刘智明:因患新冠肺炎不幸殉职的武昌医院院长
LiuZhiming:HospitalChiefWhoDiedofCOVID-19
刘智明,武汉市武昌医院院长。1月24日,武昌医院开始大规模收治病人,刘智明在救治工作中感染,被确诊为新冠肺炎患者。2月18日,刘智明去世,享年51岁。他是新冠病毒肺炎疫情期间首位殉职的医院院长。
LiuZhimingwaspresidentofWuchangHospitalinWuhan.OnJanuary24,largenumbersofconfirmedcaseswereadmittedtothehospital,andLiuwasunfortunatelydiagnosedwiththecoronavirus.Liupassedawayattheageof51onFebruary18.Hewasthefirsthospitalchieftodieofthevirus.
武大校内樱花1000多株,以日本樱花、山樱花、垂枝大叶早樱和红花高盆樱四种为主。