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数据分析师的日常离不开各种数据操作,过滤、分组、汇总、排序……,面对这些基本需求,SQL用起来确实得心应手。比如,查个用户分组销售额、筛选一批重要客户,这样的任务用SQL写出来就像英语一样简单,迅速搞定:

SELECTarea,SUM(amount)FROMsalesWHEREamount>1000GROUPBYarea;SQL看起来像是“简单高效”的代名词,直接查询、直接返回结果——这也是它为什么成为数据分析标配工具的原因之一。但随着情况的变化,这种表面上的“简单”很快会被打破。

比如,要处理的是本地文件中的数据,而不是数据库里的表怎么办?这时SQL可能就不灵了,因为它本身就是“绑死”在数据库上的工具。相比之下,SPL(StructuredProcessLanguage)可以跳过“把数据装进数据库”的麻烦,从文件直接计算:

当然,现在也有些可以直接针对文件用SQL的技术了,这个麻烦还不是非常大。不过,这只是开始,面对更复杂需求时,SPL的优势就会更突出了,尤其是当SQL显现出它的两大痛点——难写和难调试时,SPL的设计思路会让这些痛点迎刃而解。

第一步:从文本读取数据;

第二步:按股票和交易日排序;

第三步:按股票代码分组;并根据涨跌条件分组计算最大长度。

每一步都可以看作搭积木般的自然操作,无需写复杂的嵌套查询,SPL的过程式语法让整个计算流程贴合分析师的思维模式。

SQL:写代码就像解数学竞赛题再来看SQL,为了同样的目标,它的写法堪称“脑细胞杀手”:

SELECTCODE,MAX(con_rise)ASlongest_up_daysFROM(SELECTCODE,COUNT(*)AScon_riseFROM(SELECTCODE,DT,SUM(updown_flag)OVER(PARTITIONBYCODEORDERBYCODE,DT)ASno_up_daysFROM(SELECTCODE,DT,CASEWHENCL>LAG(CL)OVER(PARTITIONBYCODEORDERBYCODE,DT)THEN0ELSE1ENDASupdown_flagFROMstock))GROUPBYCODE,no_up_days)GROUPBYCODE;子查询套子查询,窗口函数加条件判断,光是读懂这段代码就得靠毅力。要是需求改一下?对不起,可能得推倒重来。用SQL做复杂分析,感觉不是在写代码,而是参加嵌套结构奥赛。

调试起来不抓狂,每天多睡两小时SPL:调试工具全家桶,交互分析爽到爆调试SQL的时候,你是否有过这样的经历:写了个大查询,不知道哪里出错,只能把语句一块块拆开跑,拆一次改一次,简直是大型灾难片现场。SPL怎么解决这个问题?它为数据分析师提供了一整套调试工具:

设置断点:代码执行到关键点时暂停,随时查看局部结果。

单步执行:一步步跑代码,观察中间值,排查问题一目了然。

实时查看:每一行的计算结果直接展示在右侧结果面板,再也不用猜结果对不对。

调试体验就像玩游戏开了无限金币,爽到爆!你不用再为错误结果费尽心思拆分代码,随时随地掌握全局。

有了这些丰富的调试功能,尤其是右侧所见即所得的结果面板,SPL极大增强了数据分析的交互性。每写一步代码,都能直接看到计算结果,修改参数、调整逻辑立刻生效。分析师不再需要一口气写完大段代码后忐忑运行,而是可以像搭积木一样一步步构建分析流程,随时验证假设。

比如在股票分析中计算股票连涨区间时,SPL就可以一步步随看随写,有新想法修改后立刻就能看到结果,交互性妥妥的。

例如,上面那段计算股票涨幅的SQL,如果运行结果不对,调试需要:

单独运行最内层子查询,看有没有错;

修改后再加一层跑,确保逻辑没崩;

最后检查顶层查询,可能要反复改写;

这样的工作模式,简直让人怀疑人生。

复杂分析也从容,SPL才是数据分析的理想工具前面计算股票连涨区间的例子用SQL很难写,这里直接用SPL来做,感受一下复杂度:

读入数据排序后,在A3中借助SPL对集合与有序计算的支持进行分组,将连涨的同一支股票记录分到一组,然后筛选大于5个成员的分组即可。整个过程很简单,符合自然思维。

还有更复杂的需求,比如电商业务中经常要计算流失率的漏斗分析,SPL的代码仍然自然又直观:

一步步分解操作,每行代码都清晰对应分析步骤。无论是逻辑推导还是后续修改,都显得轻松无比。这段代码还能对付任意多步的漏斗,简单又通用。不仅如此,由于SPL对有序计算的有效支持,可以一次处理同一个用户数据,不需要JOIN,跑得更快。

我们就费点劲把相应的SQL写出来看看,一堆CTE嵌套、无数条件组合,写到最后连自己都看不懂。

WITHe1AS(SELECTuid,1ASstep1,MIN(etime)ASt1FROMeventsWHEREetime>=end_date-14ANDetime=end_date-14ANDe2.etimet1ANDe2.etime=end_date-14ANDe3.etimet2ANDe3.etime

SQL的笨拙和低效,虽然广泛使用,但其实只是“看上去很美”。简单需求下显得方便,但一旦任务复杂,立刻暴露出“难写难调”的顽疾——这一点从各大论坛上充斥的“写不出SQL”的求助帖子就能看出来。可以说,SQL的这些缺点早已成为数据分析中挥之不去的痛点。

而SPL的出现,恰好解决了这些问题。

写法简单自然:再也不用面对复杂嵌套,SPL的过程化语法让分析更轻松;调试功能强大:断点、单步、实时查看,每一步都清晰可靠,不再费时费力。

THE END
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