PAGEPAGE11.越来越多可以提供安全交易的可信赖的在线购物网站,加上曾经伴随网上购物而出现的欺骗和假冒行为正快速成为过去的事实,使得人们越来越乐意在网上购物.Thegrowingnumberoftrustworthyonlineshoppingsitesthatprovide
securetransactions(1.安全交易),
coupledwiththefactthat
(2.加上……的事实)scamsandfraud
(3.欺骗和假冒行为)thatonce
associatedwith
(4.伴随)onlineshoppingarequicklybecomingathingofthepast,hasmadepeoplemorewillingtoshopontheWeb.
1-securetransactions
词典释义：secureUK
[s'kjr]
US
[-'kjr]
adjective
PROTECTED
受保护的
■(especiallyof
objects,situations,etc.)abletoavoidbeingharmedbyanyrisk,dangeror
threat
(尤指物品、境况等)安全的Carmanufacturersoughttoproducevehicleswhicharemore
secure
against
theft.汽车制造商应该生产出防盗更佳的汽车.Endangeredspeciesneedtobe
kept
from
poachers.应该保护濒危物种不被盗猎.
transaction
[trn'zk.n]
noun
countable
or
uncountable
ADVANCED
■whensomeonebuysorsellssomething,orwhenmoneyis
exchanged
交易(人们购买或出售物品,或兑换金钱货币)abusiness
transaction生意Each
attheforeignexchangecounter
ofsmaller
deals.我们需要监控规模较小的交易.
外刊例句：Nokia,EricssonandMotorolayesterdayjoinedforcesto
createastandardfordelivering
transactions
onmobilehandsetsby2001.()诺基亚、索尼爱立信和摩托罗拉往日曾联手合作,于2001年时为移动设备的交易安全设立标准.
替换表达：safetransactions
学生错误表达：(1)
Safetrade点评：trade一般指"国与国之间的贸易”,这与普通的交易不同.(2)
Safebargains
点评：bargain一般指"便宜货”或者"协议”,例如：Themanagementandemployeeseventuallystruck/madeabargain(=
reachedanagreement).劳资双方最终达成了协议.这里用bargain来指"交易”不妥当.
2-coupledwiththefactthat
词典释义：couple['kp.l]
verb
JOIN
加入
transitiveusuallypassive
[usually+adv/prep]
■tojoinorcombine
连接;结合
Thesleepingcarandrestaurantcarwere
coupled
together.卧铺车厢和餐车挂在一起.Highinflation
with
low
outputspellsdisasterfortheGovernmentintheelection.低出口率与高通货膨胀率导致政府在选举中惨败.
外刊例句：Thelackofclarityoverregulations–
internationalcannabisgrowershave
alreadybecomeinvolvedinresearchanddevelopment–hasledmanytofeara
returntocolonialfarmingdays,addedIndian.
()印度人称,监管不够透明,且国际大麻种植者也参与到了研究和研发,这让许多印度人害怕退回到殖民农业时期.
替换表达：togetherwiththefactthat/alongwiththefactthat
3-scamsandfraudfraud既可以作可数名词,也可以作不可数名词.
词典释义：scam
●○○○○1.N-COUNT
可数名词
(通常以诈财或逃税为目的的)诡计,阴谋,骗局
A
scam
isan
illegaltrick,usuallywiththepurposeofgettingmoneyfrompeopleor
avoidingpayingtax.
【语域标签】：INFORMAL非正式Theybelievedtheywereparticipatinginaninsurance
scam,notamurder...他们认为自己是在参与一起保险诈骗,而不是谋杀.
Theduosetupa
to
settletheirrespectivedebts.那对搭档设了一计以消除各自的债务.
fraud
●●●○○1.N-VAR
可变名词
诈骗;欺诈
Fraud
isthe
crimeofgainingmoneyorfinancialbenefitsbyatrickorbylying.Hewasjailedfortwoyearsfor
anddeception...他因为诈骗和欺诈入狱服刑两年.
Tax
fraudsaredealtwithbytheInlandRevenue.税务欺诈由国内税务局负责处理.
外刊例句：Scamsandfraud,weknow,tend
toproliferateatthemomentofmaximumuncertainty.()我们都知道：不确定因素处于顶峰之时,便是诈骗诡计激增之际.
替换表达：deceit/deception
4-associatewith
词典释义：verb
transitive
UK
[s.si.et]
[-so-]
Phrasal
Verbs
associatesthwithsth
■Ifproblemsor
dangersareassociatedwithaparticularthingoraction,theyarecausedby
it
…是…所引起的;…和…有关联;…和…有瓜葛Thecancerrisks
associated
withsmoking
havebeenwelldocumented.抽烟有引发癌症的危险,这两者的关联是有详尽的文献为证的.
外刊例句：Companiesarenowfacedwiththeprospectofmillionsof
potentialcustomerswillingtoboycottbrandsthat
associatewith
thetoxicpoliticsofTrumpismortosupportthose
whorepudiatethem.
()公司现面临着如此情景：百万潜在顾客将抵制那些与特朗普主义的恶毒政策有关的品牌,而支持那些反对这些政策的品牌.
替换表达：comewith/accompany
Appearin点评：表达不准确,appearin是"出现”的意思.
Q：使得人们…这种使结构怎么翻译比较好A：一般可以译为：makepeopledosomething/letpeopledo
something
Q：句子中hasmadepeoplemorewillingto,中文不是说越来越吗,请问能不能写成moreandmore只写more是为什么呢A：如果这里换成hasmadepeople
moreandmade
(=increasingly)willing
to也可以,此时moreandmore表示一种不断增加的趋势,如果用more则会侧重于与之前的行为做比较,有"更加……”的意思.
Thegrowingnumberoftrustworthyonlineshoppingsites
thatprovidesecuretransactions,coupledwiththefactthatscamsandfraud
thatonceassociatedwithonlineshoppingarequicklybecomingathingofthe
past,hasmadepeoplemorewillingtoshopontheWeb.
[分析]本句的主干是Thegrowingnumberof
trustworthyonlineshoppingsites…hasmadepeople
morewillingtoshopontheWeb,其中,主语部分是谓语hasmade之前的部分,其中心词是onlineshoppingsites,其前Thegrowingnumber
oftrustworthy及其后thatprovidesecuretransactions都是修饰中心词的定语,coupledwiththefactthatscamsandfraudthatonceassociated
withonlineshoppingarequicklybecomingathingofthepast为插入语作状语,补充说明onlineshoppingsites的信息,其中,that引导的名词性从句作thefact的同位语.谓语hasmade后跟people作其宾语,其后morewillingtoshoponthe
Web为宾语补足语.
2.虽然网上购物如果不小心或是没有节制,会对年轻人产生消极影响,但实际情况是网上购物在学生当中非常流行,甚至在今天都在继续提升普及度.Whileonlineshopping,
ifdonecarelesslyorwithoutrestraint(1.如果不小心或没有节制),couldhaveanegativeeffectonyoungpeople,
thefactremainsthat
(2.实际情况是)itisextremelyprevalentamongstudentsand,eventoday,continuesto
gaininpopularity(3.越来越流行).
1-ifdonecarelesslyorwithoutrestraint
词典释义：
restraint
●●○○○1.N-VAR
限制;制约因素;管制措施
Restraints
arerules
orconditionsthatlimitorrestrictsomeoneorsomething.
【搭配模式】：usuwithsuppThePrimeMinisteriscallingfornew
restraintsontradeunions...首相正在呼吁对工会施加新的限制措施.
Withopenfrontiersandlaxvisacontrols,criminalscould
crossintothecountrywithout
restraint.由于边境开放和签证管理松懈,罪犯可以毫无限制地进入这个国家.
外刊例句：Ifdonecarelessly
orillegally,
ontheotherhand,itgiftsthemanadvantage.
(www.)另一方面,这些事情若粗心或违法处理,将给他们带来可乘之机.
替换表达：...withoutcontrol
ifnot
carefulorunrestrained点评：这样写会产生歧义,因为not可以理解为与后面的unrestrained搭配,变成了notunrestrained
2-thefactremainsthat
词典释义：thefactremainsthat
phrase
used
foremphasizingthatsomethingisstilltruedespitewhatpeoplehavesaidor
done
Everyonetalksaboutsexualequality,butthefactremains
thatwomenarepaidlessthanmen.
外刊例句：Hesayshehasdoneittemporarilyandunwillingly,when
allotheroptionshavefailed,but
the
factremainsthat
hehasdoneit.
()他称,自己是在其他方法都行不通时,才暂时勉为其难地做这事,不过这可改变不了事实：他做了这事.
替换表达：thetruth/realityisthat...
3-gain(in)popularity
词典释义：gain[gen]
intransitive
GET
获得
ESSENTIAL
■togetsomethingthatisuseful,thatgivesyouan
advantage,orthatisinsomewaypositive,especiallyoveraperiodoftime
gained
alotofsupport
inthesouthofthecountry.南非国民党已在南部地区获得很多人的支持.Whatdoyouhopeto
gain
thecourse
你希望从这门课程中学到些甚么Alternativemedicinehasonlyjuststartedto
respectabilityinoursociety.另类疗法在社会上只是刚刚开始被认可.[+twoobjects]ItwasherperformancesinAidawhich
heraninternationalreputationasasoprano.正是她在《阿伊达》中的表演使她获得了国际知名女高音的声誉.Afteryou've
someexperienceteachingabroad
youcancomehomeandgetajob.在获得一些海外教学经验后,你就可以回国找份工作.
外刊例句：Thelattermight
inpopularity
ifLinkedInkeepsusers’detailsuptodateandoffers
alertsifacontactmovesfirms.
()领英如果保持更新使用者的详细信息,并在他们跳槽到其他公司时予以提醒,那么后者可能会变得流行起来.
替换表达：becomeanincreasinglypopularchoice/growinpopularity
enhance
popularity点评：enhance一般不与popularity搭配,这里可以改为gaininpopularity
Q：ifdonecarelesslyorwithoutrestraint,是把主语提到前面,还是省略主语变成从句呢A：这里是省略了主语,相当于if(itis)donecarelesslyorwithout
Whileonlineshopping,ifdonecarelesslyorwithout
restraint,couldhaveanegativeeffectonyoungpeople,thefactremains
thatitisextremelyprevalentamongstudentsand,eventoday,continuesto
gaininpopularity.
[分析]本句的主干是thefactremains,这是一个主谓结构,其中,主语部分的中心词与其修饰从句被谓语remains分割开来,原因是谓语太短,为保持句子结构平衡,故这样处理,同时使句子重要信息放置在句尾(句尾信息焦点原则),在本句中,谓语remains之后的that从句作同位语,修饰thefact.在主句之前,是一个While引导的让步状语从句,其中包含了一个插入语ifdonecarelesslyorwithoutrestraint是一个条件状语从句.
3.过去百年中几乎所有的重大医学突破都极大地依赖于动物实验,而且毫不夸张地说每个活着的人都直接从中受益过.举几个例子：如果不利用动物,天花(smallpox)和小儿麻痹(polio)的疫苗接种就不可能被研制出来,器官移植也是率先在动物身上进行的实验.Almostallmajormedicalbreakthroughsofthepasthundredyearsreliedonanimaltestingtoasignificantdegree,and
itisnoexaggerationtosay
(1.毫不夸张地说)everyhumanalivehasbenefiteddirectly.
Togivejustafewexamples(2.举几个例子),thevaccinationsforsmallpoxandpoliocouldnothavebeendevelopedwithouttheuseofanimals,andorgantransplantationwas
pioneered
(3.开创)inanimaltesting.
1-itisnoexaggerationtosay
词典释义：exaggeration
[gzd.'re.n]
■whensomeonemakessomethingseemlarger,moreimportant,
betterorworsethanitreallyis
夸张;夸大;言过其实
SalreckonsoversixtypeopleweretherebutIthink
that'saslight
exaggeration.
萨尔估计那边有60几人,但我觉得有点夸张.[+
infinitive]
It
wouldbe
no
exaggeration
saythatherworkhassavedlives.她的工作挽救了很多生命,这样说一点也不夸张.
外刊例句：Itisnoexaggerationto
say
thatphysicswasrebornintheearly20th-centurywiththetwin
revolutionsofquantummechanicsandthetheoryofrelativity.()毫不夸张地说,量子力学和相对论这两大物理学革命让物理学于20世纪脱胎换骨.
替换表达：Itistruethat...
It'sno
exaggeratetosay点评：动词和名词误用,这里应该改为it
isnoexaggerationtosay(2)
Withoutmuch
fanfare点评：fanfare是指"(为庆祝而在媒体上的)喧耀”,例如：Theproductwaslaunchedamidmuchfanfareworldwide.这个产品在世界各地隆重推出.Withoutmuchfanfare用在这里不恰当.
2-togivejustafewexamples
词典释义：exampleUK
[g'zɑ：m.pl]
[-'zm-]
TYPICALCASE
典型事例
■somethingwhichistypicalofthegroupofthingsthatit
isamemberof
典型;范例;实例Couldyougivemean
example
of
improvementsyouhavementioned
你可不可以举个例子说明一下你刚刚提到的那些进展情况Thispaintingisamarvellous
her
work.这幅画充分表现了她的作品风格.
Seealso
exemplify
■awayofhelpingsomeonetounderstandsomethingby
showingthemhowitisused
例子;例证Studythe
examples
firstofall,thenattemptthe
exercisesonthenextpage.首先仔细研究一下例题,然后试做下一页的练习题.
外刊例句：Today,similarly,thereareoftensituationswherepeople
wanttreatment,butwheremedicinehaslittletooffer-lotsofbackpain,
stressatwork,medicallyunexplainedfatigue,andmostcommoncolds,
togivejustafewexamples.
()同样,人们现在仍经常在需要治疗时,药物却帮不了忙——背痛、工作压力、尚无定论的精神疲劳,以及最为普遍的着凉等众多病痛构成了这一小撮例子.
Forexamples点评：没有forexamples的说法,应该是forexample(2)
Togivesomeexample点评：应该改为togivesome
3-bepioneered
词典释义：pioneer2.VERB
动词
开创;倡导
Someonewho
pioneers
anewactivity,
invention,orprocessisoneofthefirstpeopletodoit.
【语法信息】：Vn
【语法信息】：V-ed
【语法信息】：AlsoV...ProfessorAlecJeffreys,whoinventedand
pioneeredDNAtests...发明和倡导DNA检测的亚历克·杰弗里斯教授ThecampaignsarepartofAmerican-styleinnovationsbeing
pioneeredbythenewuniversities.这些运动是几所新建大学倡导的美式创新的一部分....thefolk-talewritingstyle
byGabrielGarciaMarquez.由加夫列尔·加西亚·马尔克斯开创的民间传说写作风格
外刊例句：Baseball,whichbreaksdownintodiscreteandeasily
measurablechunks,hasprovedparticularlyamenabletosuchanalysis,which
waspioneered
byBillJamesinthe
late1970sand1980s.
()把棒球运动分解为众多分散的板块来分析已经经证实为切实可行,而这种分析方法最早由比尔·詹姆斯于20世纪70年代中叶开始使用.
替换表达：initiate
Q：动物实验是否可以用animalexperimentation呢A：可以.这类表达可以用谷歌搜索或者语料库查证,如果发现有权威例证,就可以使用.
4.尽管没人愿意看到动物受苦,但动物实验的好处实在太大以至于无法放弃.绝大部分人愿意牺牲一些老鼠的性命以换取医学进步,这些进步在某一天可能会挽救他们或者他们亲人的生命.Althoughnobodywantstoseeanimalssuffer,thebenefitsofanimaltestingare
toogreattogiveup(1.太大以至于无法放弃).
Thevastmajorityof
(2.绝大多数)peoplewouldbewillingtosacrificeafewratsinordertogainmedicalprogress,progressthatmightonedaysavetheirlifeorthatofa
lovedone(3.亲人).
1-tooadjtodo
too
…
forsbtodosthTheboxwastoo
heavyformetolift.箱子太重,我提不起来.
外刊例句："Thepotentialfor‘bycatch’is
great
be
ignored,”5Gyreswrites.()5Gryres组织写道"导致"鱼类误捕”的可能性极大,我们该有所重视.”
替换表达：so...that...
bringssuch
enormousadvantagesthatitcanbehardlyquit点评：advantages改为benefits会更为自然;quit一般指"停止做(坏事或令人厌烦的事情)”,例如quitsmoking,quit用在这里不合适,itcanbehardlyquit应该改为itcanhardlybe
givenup;句子应该用so…that…结构,改为brings
somanybenefitsthatitcanhardlybegivenup(2)
so
overwhelmingthatpeoplecouldnotgiveupit点评：代词it必须放在词组giveup中间,giveupit应该改为giveitup
2-thevastmajorityof
thevastmajority(ofsth)
whenyouwanttoemphasizethatsomethingistrueaboutalmostallofagroup
ofpeopleorthings(…的)绝大多数：The
vastmajorityofbooksonthesubjectarecompleterubbish.有关这一话题的绝大多数书籍都是一派胡言.
外刊例句：Unknownto
thevast
majorityof
thepopulation,asmallgroupofBritish70-year-oldshas
shapedthehealthandwell-beingofeveryoneinBritainfortheirwhole
lives.()大部分人对这群由70岁英国老人组成的小团伙都不知晓,但他们终其一生一直在为每位英国人的健康和幸福生活作贡献.