2023年考研英语一真题答案及解析（新东方版）
一、完形填空
UseofEnglish
CaravanseraiswereroadsideinnsthatwerebuiltalongtheSilkRoadinareasincluding
China,NorthAfricaandtheMiddleEast.Theyweretypically__1__outsidethewallsofacityorvillageandwereusuallyfundedbygovernmentsof__2__.
Thisword“Caravanserais”isa__3__ofthePersianword“karvan”,whichmeansagroupoftravellersoracaravan,andseray,apalaceorenclosedbuilding.ThePermcaravanwasusedto__4__groupsofpeoplewhotravelledtogetheracrosstheancientnetworkforsafetyreasons,__5__merchants,travellersorpilgrims.
Fromthe10thcenturyonwards,asmerchantandtravelroutesbecomemoredeveloped,the__6__oftheCaravanseraisincreasedandtheyservedasasafeplaceforpeopletorestatnight.TravellersontheSilkRoad__7__possibilityofbeingattackedbythievesorbeing__8__toextremeconditions.Forthisreason,Caravanseraiswerestrategicallyplaced__9__theycouldbereachedinaday’straveltime.
Caravanseraisservedasaninformal__10__pointforthevariouspeoplewhotravelledtheSilkRoad.__11__,thosestructuresbecameimportantcentersforculture__12__andinteraction,withtravelerssharingtheircultures,ideasandbeliefs,__13__talkingknowledgewiththem,greatly__14__thedevelopmentofseveralcivilizations.
Caravanseraiswerealsoanimportantmarketplaceforcommoditiesand__15__inthetradeofgoodsalongtheSilkRoad.__16__,itwasfrequentlythefirststopmerchantslookingtoselltheirwaresand__17__suppliesfortheirownjourneys.Itis__18__thataround120000to15000caravanseraiswerebuiltalongtheSilkRoad,__19__onlyabout3000areknowntoremaintoday,manyofwhicharein__20__.
1、答案：C.located
2、答案：A.privately
3、答案：D.combination
4、答案：C.describe
5、答案：C.suchas
6、答案：A.construction
7、答案：B.faced
8、答案：B.subjected
9、答案：A.sothat
10、答案：D.meeting
11、答案：D.Asaresult
12、答案：C.exchange
13、答案：C.aswellas
14、答案：B.influencing
15、答案：A.aided
16、答案：B.indeed
17、答案：D.stockupon
18、答案：A.believed
19、答案：D.although
20、答案：A.ruins
二、阅读理解
Text1
TheweatherinTexasmayhavecooledsincetherecentextremeheat,butthetemperaturewillbehighattheStateBoardofEducationmeetinginAustinthismonthasofficialsdebatehowclimatechangeistaughtinTexasschools.
PatHardy,whosympathizedwithviewsoftheenergysector,isresistingtheproposedchangetosciencestandardsforpre-teenpupils.Thesewouldemphasisetheprimacyofhumanactivityinrecentclimatechangeandencouragediscussionofmitigationmeasures.
MostscientistsandexpertssharplydisputeHardy’sviews.“Theycasuallydismissthecareerworkofscholarsandscientistsasjustanothermisguidedopinion.”saysDanQuinn,seniorcommunicationsstrategistattheTexasFreedomNetwork,anon-profitgroupthatmonitorspubliceducation，“WhatmillionsofTexaskidslearnintheirpublicschoolsisdeterminedtoooftenbythepoliticalideologyofpartisanboardmembers,ratherthanfactsandsoundscholarship.”
SuchdebatereflectsfiercediscussiondiscussionsacrosstheUSandaroundtheworld,asresearchers,policymakers,teachersandstudentsstepupdemandsforagreaterfocusonteachingaboutthefactsofclimatechangeinschools.
AstudylastyearbytheNationalCenterforScienceEducation,anon-profitgroupofscientistsandteachers,lookingathowstatepublicschoolsacrossthecountryaddressclimatechangeinscienceclasses,gavebarelyhalfofUSstatesagradeB+orhigher.Amongthe10worstperformersweresomeofthemostpopulousstates,includingTexas,whichwasgiventhelowestgrade(F)andhasadisproportionateinfluencebecauseitstextbooksarewidelysoldelsewhere.
GlennBranch,thecentre’sdeputydirector,cautionsthatsettingstate-levelsciencestandardsisonlyonelimitedbenchmarkinacountrythatdecentralisesdecisionstolocalschoolboards.Evenifastateisconsideredahighperformerinitssciencestandards,“thatdoesnotmeanitwillbetaught”,hesays.
Anotherissueisthatwhileclimatechangeiswellintegratedintosomesubjectsandatsomeages—suchasearthandspacesciencesinhighschools—itisnotaswellrepresentedincurriculaforyoungerchildrenandinsubjectsthataremorewidelytaught,suchasbiologyandchemistry.Itisalsolessprominentinmanysocialstudiescourses.
Branchpointsoutthat,evenifagrowingnumberofofficialguidelinesandtextbooksreflectscientificconsensusonclimatechange,unofficialeducationalmaterialsthatconveymoreslantedperspectivesarebeingdistributedtoteachers.Theyincludematerialssponsoredbylibertarianthink-tanksandenergyindustryassociations.
21.Inparagraph1,theweatherinTexasismentionedto
答案：C.indicatetheatmosphereattheboardmeeting
22.WhatdoesQuinnthinkofHardy
答案：B.Shedeniesthevalueofscientificwork.
23.ThestudymentionedinParagraph5
答案：A.Climateeducationisinsufficientatstatepublicschool
24.AccordingtoBranch,state-levelsciencestandardsintheUS
答案：C.havelimitedinfluence
25.Itisimpliedinthelastparagraphthatclimatechangeteachinginsomeschools
答案：D.canbeswayedbyexternalforces
Text2
Communitiesthroughouttheregionhavebeenattemptingtoregulateshort-termrentalssincesiteslikeAirbnbtookoffinthe2010s.Now,withrecord-highhomepricesandhistoricallylowinventory,there’sanincreasedurgencyinsuchregulation,particularlyamongthosewhoworrythatdeveloperswillcomeinandbuyupswathsofhousingtoflipforafortuneontheshort-termrentalmarket.
InNewHampshire,wheretherentalvacancyratehasdroppedbelow1percent,housingadvocatesfearuncheckedshort-termrentalswillputfurtherpressureonanalreadystrainedmarket.ThestateLegislaturerecentlyvotedagainstabillthatwould’vemadeitillegalfortownstocreatelegislationrestrictingshort-termrentals.
“Weareatacrisislevelonthesupplyofrentalhousing,soanytimeyou’retakingthetooloutofthetoolkitforcommunitiestoaddressthis,you’repotentiallytakingsupplyoffthemarketthat’salreadyincrediblystressed,’’saidNickTaylor,executivedirectoroftheWorkforceHousingCoalitionoftheGreaterSeacoast.WithoutenoughaffordablehousinginsouthernNewHampshiretowns,“employersarehavingahardtimeattractingemployees,andworkersarehavingahardtimefindingaplacetolive,’’Taylorsaid.
However,short-termrentalsalsoprovidehousingfortourists,acrucialpartoftheeconomiesinplaceslikeNantucket,CapeCod,orthetownsthatmakeupNewHampshire’sSeacoastandLakesRegion,pointedoutRyanCastle,CEOoftheCapeCod&IslandsAssociationofRealtors.“Alotofworkersareservicingthetouristindustry,andthetourismindustryisservicedbythosepeoplecominginshortterm,’’Castlesaid,“andsoit’sacyclicaleffect.’’
Short-termrentalsthemselvesarenotthecruxoftheissue,saidKerenHorn,anaffordablehousingpolicyexpertattheUniversityofMassachusettsBoston.“Ithinkindividualsbeingabletorentouttheirsecondhomeisagoodthing.Ifit’stheirvacationhomeanyway,andit’sjustempty,whycan’tyoumakemoneyoffit’’Hornsaid.Issuesarise,however,whendevelopersattempttocreatelarge-scaleshort-termrentalfacilities—defactohotels—tobypasstaxesandregulations.“Ithinkthequestionis,shouldn’tadeveloperwho’sreallybuildingahotel,butdisguisingitasnotahotel,betreatedandtaxedandregulatedlikeahotel’’Hornsaid.
Attheendof2018,GovernorCharlieBakersignedabilltoreininthosepotentialinvestor-buyers.“Thebillrequireseveryrentalhosttoregisterwiththestate,mandatestheycarryinsurance,andopensthepotentialforlocaltaxesontopofanewstatelevy,’’theGlobereported.Bostontookthingsevenfurther,limitingwhoisauthorizedtorentouttheirhome,andrequiringrenterstoregisterwiththecity’sInspectionalServicesDepartment.
Hornsaidsimilarregistrationrequirementscouldbenefitotherstrugglingcitiesandtowns.Theonlywaytosolvetheissue,however,isbycreatingmorehousing.“Ifwewanttomakeachangeinthehousingmarket,themainoneiswehavetobuildalotmore.’’
26.WhichofthefollowingistrueofNewEngland
答案：A.Itshousingsupplyisataverylowlevel.
27.ThebillmentionedintheParagraph2wasintendedto
答案：D.allowafreeshort-termrentalmarket.
28.ComparedwithCastle,Tailorismorelikelytosupport
答案：Binincreaseinaaffordablehousing
29.WhatdoesHornemphasizeinparagraph3
答案：Cthenecessitytostopdevelopersfromevadingtaxes.
30.Hornholdsthatimposingregistrationrequirementsis
答案：Daninadequatesolution.
Text3
Ifyou’reheadingforyournearestbranchofWaterstonesinsearchoftheDuchessofSussex’snewchildren’sbookTheBench,youmighthavetobepreparedtohuntaroundabit;thesamemaybetrueofThePresident'sDaughter,thenewthrillerbyBillClintonandJamesPatterson.BothofthesebooksarepublishednextweekbyPenguinRandomHouse,acompanycurrentlyinvolvedinastand-offwithWaterstones.
Theproblembeganlatelastyear,whenPenguinRandomHouseconfirmedthatithadintroducedacreditlimitwithWaterstones“ataverysignificantlevel”.ThetrademagazineTheBooksellerreportedthatWaterstonesbranchmanagerswerebeingtoldtoremovePRHbooksfromprominentareassuchastables,displayspacesandwindows,andwere“quietlyretiringthemtotheirrelevantsections”.
PRHdeclinedtocommentontheissue,butaspokespersonforWaterstonestoldme:“WaterstonesarecurrentlyoperatingwithreducedcredittermsfromPRH,theonlypublisherintheUKtoplaceanylimitationsonourabilitytotrade.WearenotboycottingPRHtitlesbutwearedoingourutmosttoensurethatavailabilityforcustomersremainsgooddespitetheloweroveralllevelsofstock.Wedothisgenerallybygivingtheirtitleslessprominentpositioningwithinourbookshops.“Wearehopefulwithourshopsnowopenagainthatnormalitywillreturnandthatwewillbeallowedtobuyappropriately.Certainly,ourshopsareexceptionallybusyandbooksalesareverystrong.ThesalesforourMayBooksoftheMonthsurpassedanymonthsince2018.”
Inthemeantime,PRHauthorshavebeenthelosers-ashavecustomers,whomightexpectthenewtitlesfromthecountry’sbiggestpublishertobeprominentlydisplayedbyitsbiggestbookretailer.Big-namePRHauthorsmaysufferabit,butit’sthosemid-listauthors,whonormallyrelyonWaterstonesstaff’spassionforpromotingbooksbylesser-knownwriters,whowillbeprayingforanendtothedispute.
ItcomesatatimewhenauthorsarealreadyworriedabouttheconsequencesoftheproposedmergerbetweenPRHandanotherbigpublisher,Simon&Schuster-thereductioninthenumberofunalignedUKpublishersislikelytoleadtofewerbiddingwars,loweradvances,andmoreconformityintermsofwhatispublished.AndonewondersifPRHwouldhavebeenconfidentenoughtodealwithWaterstonesinthewayithasifitweren’tquitesuchabigcompany(itwasformedwiththemergerofPenguinandRandomHousein2013)andlikelytogetbigger.
“Thisisallpartofawiderchangetowardsconcentrationofpowerandcartels.Literaryagenciesaregettingbiggertohavetheclouttonegotiatebettertermswithpublishers,publishersconsolidatingtodealwithAmazon,”saysLownie.“Thepublishingindustrytalksaboutdiversityintermsofauthorsandstaffbutitalsoneedsapluralityofwaysofdeliveringintellectualcontact,choiceanddifferentvoices.Afterall,manyofthemostinterestingbooksinrecentyearshavecomefromsmallpublishers.”
Weshallseewhetherthatpluralityisacasualtyofthecurrentneedamongpublisherstobebigenoughtotakeonall-comers.
31.theauthormentionstwobooksintheparagraph1topresent____
答案：A.anongoingconflict
32.WhydidWaterstonesshopsretirePRHbookstotheirrelevantsections
答案：C.torespondtoPRH'sbusinessmove
33.WhatmessagedidthespokesmanofWaterstonesseemtoconvey
答案：A.theircustomersremainroyal
34.Whatcanbeoneconsequenceofthecurrentdispute
答案：ASalesofbooksbymid-listPRHwritersfalloffconsiderably
35.WhichofthefollowingstatementsbestrepresentsLownie`sview
答案：DThemergerofpublishersisaworryingtrend
Text4
Scientificpapersaretherecordkeepersofprogressinresearch.Eachyearresearcherspublishmillionsofpapersinmorethan30,000journals.Thescientificcommunitymeasuresthequalityofthosepapersinanumberofways,includingtheperceivedqualityofthejournal(asreflectedbythetitle’simpactfactor)andthenumberofcitationsaspecificpaperaccumulates.Thecareersofscientistsandthereputationoftheirinstitutionsdependonthenumberandprestigeofthepaperstheyproduce,butevenmoresoonthecitationsattractedbythesepapers.
Inrecentyears,therehavebeenseveralepisodesofscientificfraud,includingcompletelymade-updata,massagedordoctoredfigures,multiplepublicationsofthesamedata,theftofcompletearticles,plagiarismoftext,andself-plagiarism.Andsomescientistshavecomeupwithanotherwaytoartificiallyboostthenumberofcitationstotheirwork.
Citationcartels,wherejournals,authors,andinstitutionsconspiretoinflatecitationnumbers,haveexistedforalongtime.In2016,researchersdevelopedanalgorithmtorecognizesuspiciouscitationpatterns,includinggroupsofauthorsthatdisproportionatelyciteoneanotherandgroupsofjournalsthatciteeachotherfrequentlytoincreasetheimpactfactorsoftheirpublications.Recently,Icameacrossyetanotherexpressionofthispredatorybehavior:so-calledsupportserviceconsultanciesthatprovidelanguageandothereditorialsupporttoindividualauthorsandtojournalssometimesadvisecontributorstoaddanumberofcitationstotheirarticlesandthearticlesofcolleagues.Someoftheseconsultanciesarealsoactiveinorganizingconferencesandcanadvisethatcitationsbeaddedtoconferenceproceedings.Inthismanner,asingleeditorcandrivehundredsofcitationsinthedirectionofhisownarticlesorthoseofcolleaguesthatmaybeinhiscircle.
HowinsidiousisthistypeofcitationmanipulationInoneexample,anindividual—actingasauthor,editor,andconsultant—wasabletouseatleast15journalsascitationproviderstoarticlespublishedbyfivescientistsatthreeuniversities.TheproblemisrampantinScopus,whichincludesahighnumberofthenew“international”journals.Infact,alistinginScopusseemstobeacriteriontobetargetedinthistypeofcitationmanipulation.
36Accordingparagraph1,thecareersofscientistscanbedeterminedby________
答案：Bhowmanytimestheirpapersarecited
37Thesupportserviceconsultanciestendto_________.
答案：Caskauthorstoincludeextracitation
38thefunctionofthemilkcowtojournalsisto________.
答案：Aboostcitationcountsforcertainauthors
39.WhatcanbelearnedaboutScopusfromthelasttwoparagraph
答案：[B]Ithasthecapabilitytoidentifysuspiciouscitation
40.Whatshouldanauthordotodealwithcitationmanipulation
答案：[D]Revealtheirmisconduct
三、新题型
考察了排序题，出题形式与往年略有差异，给出了三个既定选项位置，并给出了8个选项，首段空缺，虽然出题形式略有差异但解题思路和难度并无差异，只要能看出指代即可轻松判断出首段，整体难度中等。
ReadingPartB
A.Lastyearmarksthe150thanniversaryofaseriesofYellowstonephotographsbytherenownedlandscapephotographerWilliamHenryJackson.Hecapturedthefirst-evershotsoficoniclandmarkssuchastheTetons,OldFaithfulandtheColoradoRockies.
B.Twocenturiesago,theideaofpreservingnature,ratherthanexploitingit,wasanovelonetomanyU.S.settlers.Oneoftheturningpointsinpublicsupportforlandconservationefforts—andrecognizingthemagnificenceoftheYellowstoneregioninparticular—cameintheformofvividphotographs.
CAsaneffectiveWashingtonoperator,Haydensensedthathecouldcapitalizeontheexpedition’sstunningvisuals.HeaskedJacksontoprintoutlargecopiesanddistributedthem,alongwithreproductionsofMoran’spaintings,toeachmemberofCongress.“Thevisualization,particularlythosephotographs,reallyhithomethatthisissomethingthathastobeprotected,”saysMurphy.
DThoughNativeAmericans(andlaterminersandfurtrappers)hadlongrecognizedthearea’sriches,mostAmericansdidnot.That’swhyHayden’sexpeditionaimedtoproduceafullerunderstandingoftheYellowstoneRiverregion,fromitshotspringsandwaterfallstoitsvarietyoffloraandfauna.Inadditiontotheentourageofscientists,theteamalsoincludedartists:PainterThomasMoranandphotographerWilliamHenryJacksonwerechargedwithcapturingthisastoundingnaturalbeautyandsharingitwiththeworld.
EThejourneyofficiallybeganinOgden,Utah,onJune8,1871.Overnearlyfourmonths,dozenofmanmadetheirwayonhorsebackintoMontanaandtraversedalongtheYellowstoneRiverandaroundYellowstonelake.Thatfall,theyconcludedthesurveyinfortBridger,Wyoming
FThoughNativeAmericans(andlaterminersandfurtrappers)hadlongrecognizedthearea'sriches,mostAmericansdidnot.That'swhyHayden'sexpeditionaimedtoproduceafullerunderstandingoftheyellowstoneriverregion,fromit'shotspringsandwaterfallstoitsvarietyoffloraandfauna.Inadditiontotheentourgeofscientists,theteamalsoincludedartists:PainterThomasMoranandphotographerJacksonwerechargedwithcapturingthisastoundingnaturalbeautyandsharingitwiththeworld.
GThebillprovedlargelypopularandsailedthroughCongresswithlargemajoritiesinfavor.Inquicksuccession,theSenateandHousepassedlegislationprotectingyellowstoneinearly1872.ThatMarch,PresidentUlyssesS.GrantsignedanactintolawthatestablishedYellowstoneastheworld'sfirstnationalpark.whilesomelocalsopposedtothedesignation,thedecisionwaslargelyaccepted-andJackson'sphotosplayedakeyroleinthefighttoprotectthearea.Idon'tbelievethatthelegalprotectionwouldhavehappenedinthetimeframethatitdidwithoutthoseimages,saysHeatherHansen,journalistandauthorofProphetsandMoguls,RangersandRogues,BisonordBears:100yearsofthenationalParkService.
HPerhapsmostimportantly,theimagesprovideddocumentaryevidencethatlatermadeitswaytogovernmentofficials.Weeksaftercompletingtheexpedition,Haydencollectedhisteam’sobservationintoanextensiverepaimedatconvincingSenatorsandRepresentatives,alongwithcolleaguesatgovernmentagencylikethedepartmentofInteriorthatYellowstoneoughttobepreserved.
答案：BAFEDHCG
41.B42.F43.D44.C45.G
四、英译汉
讲了人工智能在digitalmarketing里的应用，生词不多，与往年翻译题目相比难度偏低。
Translation
(46)AIcanalsobeusedtoidentifythelifestyleschoicesofcustomersregardingtheirhobbies,favoritecelebrities,andfashionstoprovideuniquecontentinmarketingmessagesputoutthroughsocialmedia.
【参考译文】人工智能还可以用来识别出消费者生活方式的选择，包括他们的爱好、最喜欢的名人和时尚，从而通过社交媒体发布的营销信息来提供独特的内容。
(47)SomebelievethatAlisnegativelyimpactingonthemarketer'srolebyreducingcreativityandremovingjobs,buttheyareawarethatitisawayofreducingcostsandcreatingnewinformation.
【参考译文】一些人认为，人工智能通过减少创造力和工作机会对营销人员产生了负面影响，但他们也意识到，这是一种降低成本和创造新信息的方式。
(48)Algorithmsusedtostimulatehumaninteractionsarecreatingmanyoftheseconcerns,especiallyasno-oneisquitesurewhattheoutcomesofusingAltointeractwithcustomerswillbe.
【参考译文】用于刺激人际互动的算法正在引发许多此类担忧，尤其是在没有人非常确定使用人工智能与客户互动的结果会是什么情况下。
(49)Ifcustomersarenotwillingtosharedata.AIwillbestarvedofessentialinformationandwillnotbeabletofunctioneffectivelyoremploymachinelearningtoimproveitsmarketingcontentandcommunication.
(50)Thenon-intrusivedeliveryofthemarketingmessageinawaythatissensitivetotheneedsoftargetcustomersisoneofthecriticalchallengestothedigitalmarketer.
【参考译文】以一种对目标客户需求敏感的方式非侵入式地传递营销信息是数字营销人员面临的关键挑战之一。
五、小作文
小作文考查告示，主题是为教授关于校园体育活动的研究项目招募助手，给出助手工作责任和要求，难点在于容易审题错误，要弄清楚是为研究项目招募学生，不是校园体育活动。
【题目】
WritingPartA
Directions:
WriteanoticetorecruitastudentforProf.Smith’sresearchprojectoncampussportsactivities.Specifythedutiesandrequirementsofthejob.
Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use“LiMing”instead.
Donotwritetheaddress.(10points)
【参考范文】
Notice
December24,2022
ProfessorSmithislookingforastudenttojoinhisresearchprogramregardingcampussportsactivities.Thedutiesofthepositionrequirethatthestudentcollectsdataoncampussportsactivitiestobeanalyzedbytheresearchteam.Thisincludesobservingvariousathleticevents,speakingtostudentathletes,staff,andfaculty,anddocumentingtheirexperiences.
Inadditiontodatacollection,thestudentwillalsoberesponsiblefororganizingmeetingswithProfessorSmithorotherresearchteammemberstodiscussprojectprogress.Thesuccessfulapplicantshouldbehighlyorganized,patient,andhaveakeeninterestandknowledgeinsports.
Ifyouareinterestedinjoiningthisresearchprogram,pleasecontactusatemail@123.comtoapply.
Students'Union
六、大作文
WritingPartB
Unfoldedintheelaboratelypaintedcartoonisaneye-catchingandthought-stimulatingscene:someyoungmenarerowingdragonboats,andalargenumberofpeoplecrowdedtowatchthegame.Anagedgrandmaturnedtoherspouseandsaidcheerfully:“itiswonderfulthattheDragonBoatracingisgettingincreasinglylivelyinourvillage.”Apparently,whatthecartoonistattemptstoemphasizeistheinheritanceoftraditionalculture.
ThereisnodenyingthatourChinese,inrecentyears,havebeenattachinggreatimportancetothecarryingofthetraditionalcultureandbringingittovitality.Traditionsaresupposedtobeinheritedandadvocatedfromonegenerationtoanother.LiketangibleculturalheritagessuchasGreatWallandtheForbiddenCity,intangibleculturalheritageslikePekingOperaandcelebrationoftraditionalfestivalsareequallycrucial.Asacountryconsistingofagreatdiversityofethnicgroupsandwithtime-honoredhistoryandcivilization,Chinaaboundsinintangibleculturalheritages,whichconnectmodernpeopletothehistoricalpast,allowingthemtoacquireaculturalandhistoricalidentity.Withoutculturalheritages,wewouldberenderedabsolutelyrootlessandwewouldfindithardtocopewithchallengesatpresentandinthefuture.
However,themodernizationprocessposesmountingthreatstointangibleheritages.Itisalsopathetictoseeelderlypeopleinpossessionofsuchlegaciespassawaywithouttransmittingthemtotheyoungergeneration.Confrontedwiththosechallenges,weshouldbothpreserveandrejuvenateourancestralheritagessothatwecanhelpcontributetoculturaldiversityoftheworld.
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