一、“六要素”整合的英语学习活动观内涵
1.什么是“六要素”？
英语课程内容是发展学生英语学科和创新素养的基础和载体，包括六个要素:主题语境、语篇类型、语言知识、文化知识、语言技能和学习策略。这六个要素是相互联系的有机的整体。
2.什么是活动？
“活动”一般具有目的性，由一系列的行动构成的一个系统，在教育教学领域，活动即指在教与学过程中发生的学习行为的综合。
活动分为外部活动和内部活动，从发生的角度看，外部活动是参与客观世界的各种活动，而内部活动起源于内化的思想和认知发展活动，即思维活动。
英语教学活动具体类型：
（1）学习理解类活动
主要包括感知与注意、获取与梳理、概括与整合等基于语篇的学习活动。
即教师围绕主题创设情境，激活学生已知，铺垫必要的语言和文化背景知识、引出要解决的问题。在此基础上，以解决问题为目的，鼓励学生从语篇中获得新知，通过梳理、概括、整合信息，建立信息间的关联，形成新的知识结构，感知并理解语言所表达的意义和语篇所承载的文化价值取向。
（2）应用实践类活动
主要包括描述与阐述、分析与判断、内化与运用等深入语篇的学习活动。
即在学习理解活动的基础上，教师引导学生围绕主题和所形成的新的知识结构开展描述、阐释、推理、判断等交流活动，逐步实现对语言知识和文化知识的内化，巩固新的知识结构，促进语言运用的自动化，助力学生将知识转化为能力。
（3）迁移创新类活动
主要包括推理与论证、批判与评价、想象与创造等超越语篇的学习活动。
即教师引导学生针对语篇背后的价值取向或作者态度进行分析与论证，赏析语篇的文体特征与修辞手法，探讨其与主题意义的关联，批判、评价作者的观点等，加深对主题意义的理解，进而使学生在新的语境中，基于新的知识结构，通过自主、合作、探究的学习方式，综合运用语言技能，进行多元思维，创造性地解决陌生情境中的问题，理解表达观点、情感和态度，体现正确的价值观，实现深度学习，促进能力向素养的转化。
3.如何理解英语学习活动观？
《高中英语新课标（2017年版）》提出了指向学科核心素养的英语学习活动观，即学生在主题意义引领下，以各种语篇为依托，通过学习理解、实践应用、迁移创新等一系列的英语学习活动，在分析问题和解决问题的过程中，促进自身语言知识学习、语言技能发展、文化内涵理解、多元思维发展、价值取向判断和学习策略运用。这一过程既是语言知识与语言技能整合发展的过程，也是文化意识不断增强、思维品质不断提升、学习能力不断提高的过程。
“六要素”整合的英语学习活动观，具体而言，指学生围绕某一具体的主题语境，基于不同类型的语篇，通过听、说、读、看、写等一系列体现综合性、关联性和实践性等特点的英语学习活动，使学生基于已有知识，在解决问题的过程中，运用语言技能获取、梳理、整合语言知识和文化知识，深化对语言的理解，重视对语篇的赏析，比较和探究文化内涵，汲取文化精华。
二、基于六要素整合的英语学习活动观特点
1.从学习内容上看
将知识学习和技能发展融入到主题与语境当中，在语境中围绕主题来进行语言知识的学习，以及语言技能的发展和训练。
2.从学习方式上看
整合并关联发展课堂内容，实现对语言的深度学习，即把语言、文化和思维融合起来进行学习，即在主题意义引领下，依托语篇，运用语言技能和学习策略促进思维发展，把语言知识和文化知识整合起来，进行内化吸收，然后影响我们的行为取向。
3.从教学方式上看
基于教学内容，深挖文本背后的文化和它的价值意义，在课程中实现育人的目标。
（情境导入）以解决问题为目的
实现对主题和语篇理解的提升和优化，形成新的知识结构。
比如说，主题为重阳节的定语从句教学，学习活动都围绕这一主题展开。教学设计要将主题意义、主题语篇、语言知识（定语从句）、语言技能、文化知识（重阳节）和学习策略整合起来。
首先，课前教师给学生提供主题语篇，布置自主学习任务，让学生带着任务探究主题意义，了解重阳节的历史、习俗和意义等，学习语言知识，通过结合语境和已有知识，区别限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的功能等。
课堂上以《九月九日易山东兄弟》这首诗歌导入，提出问题，让学生在感知、欣赏、表达中进入主题探究和语言学习，激发学习兴趣，激活学生已有图式。
在激活已知的基础上，让学生用定语从句完成句子、语篇填词、绘制思维导图，通过以上应用实践类的活动，生成新的内容，形成结构化的知识，发现新的问题，并通过讨论、提问、答疑等方式解决问题。
然后教师引导学生迁移创新，让学生选句子完成语篇，训练学生对语篇逻辑关系的分析能力，在实践中尝试使用语言，在语境中理解和运用定语从句，理解语篇的深层含义。并引导学生探究性学习，通过讨论、分工合作、信息检索、交流汇报等形式用英语介绍中国传统节日，并用网页呈现，培养学生的创造性思维和综合语言运用能力。
在“重阳节”这一主题情境下，通过听、说、读、看、写等一系列体现综合性、关联性和实践性等特点的英语学习活动，使学生基于已有知识，在解决问题的过程中，运用语言技能获取、梳理、整合语言知识和文化知识，深化对语言的理解，重视对语篇的赏析，探究文化内涵，汲取文化精华，形成正确的价值观。
基于六要素整合的英语学习活动观的教学设计，把语言能力、思维品质、文化意识和学习能力整合在一起，通过落实培养学生核心素养这一目标，最终实现学科育人和知行合一。这样的教学设计，可以分为以下几个环节。
1.情境导入，激活主题
情境可以是视频、对话、图片、问题、诗歌、游戏等。不管是哪种情境导入方式，都是基于主题，提供主题语境和在学生完成自学任务的基础上。这些导入方式联系生活，紧扣主题，直接、简洁、有效。既激发了学生的学习兴趣、学习动机，又激活了学生的已有图式，达到了温故知新的目的。
2.释疑探究，理解主题
3.迁移运用，深化主题
教师指导学生迁移所学知识，完成新的任务。在这个过程中，教师创设一个真实的生活情境，基于这个要解决的问题，学生运用所学的语言以及前期整合的知识结构、文化知识，学会理性地表达个人观点，体现多元思维和正确的价值判断。
三、教学设计案例一
OverviewofAttributiveClauses(PeriodOne)
Teachingobjectives:
Bytheendofthisperiod,studentswillbeableto
1usetherelativepronounsandrelativeadverbscorrectly
2createawebtointroduceafestivalusingattributiveclausesproperly
3getabetterunderstandingofourtraditionalfestival—theDoubleNinthFestival
4haveamorefilialattitudetowardstheelderly
Teachingmethod:
Task-basedteachingmethod
Task1Usetherelativepronounsandrelativeadverbscorrectly;
Task2createawebtointroduceafestivalusingattributiveclausesproperly
Teachingprocedures:
Beforeclass:
ReadapassageabouttheDoubleNinthFestivalbeforeclassand
A.findoutthemainideaofthepassage.
B.introducewhytheDoubleNinthFestivalwasstartedandhowpeoplecelebratedit.
C.underlinethesentenceswithattributiveclauses.
D.completethetable.
关系代词
关系副词
功能
限定性定语从句
非限定性定语从句
[设计意图]
（课前阅读语篇见附录）“重阳节”属于“人与社会”这一主题语境，要求学生能掌握不同名族文化习俗与传统节日。以具体的阅读任务驱动自主学习的有效开展，帮助学生整体理解语篇内容、提炼语篇主题、介绍重阳节的历史、习俗、庆祝方式以及意义。在语篇中自主学习语言知识，结合语境和已有知识，区别限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句的功能，归纳定语从句的关系代词、关系副词及其作用。这些学习活动起着激活已知、导入学习主题、诊断学情的作用，培养了学生的自学能力。
Step1
Readthefollowingpoemandanswersomequestions.
Whatfestivaldoesthepoemdescribe
Whatactivitydoesthepoemmention
Whydidpeopleweardogwoodsprays
Howdidthepoetfeel
OnthemountainholidaythinkingofmybrothersinShandongWangWei
Alone,alonelystrangerinaforeignland,Idoublypineforkinsfolkonaholiday.Iknowmybrotherswould,withdogwoodsprayinhand,Climbupmountainandmissmesofaraway.
TranslatedbyXuYuanchong
参考答案:
1.TheDoubleNinthFestival.
2.Wearingdogwoodandclimbingmountains.
3.Thereasonwhypeopleworedogwoodsprayswastoavoidevilness.
4.Hemissedhisrelativesandfeltsad.
Step2
Activity1Completethefollowingsentencesaccordingtothepassage.Thefirstonehasbeendoneforyou.
1.ThepassagetellsustheDoubleNinthFestival,whichiscelebratedontheninthdayoftheninthlunarmonth.Itmainlyintroducesitsoriginandtraditionalcustoms.
2.TheDoubleNinthFestivalisalsoknownastheSenior’sFestival,____________________.
3.Thereason____________________________________isthatChineseancestorsthoughtdoubleninthasanauspiciousday.
4.Theways_____________________________________arevarious,includingclimbingmountains,drinkingchrysanthemumwine,wearingdogwoodandeatingDoubleNinthCake.
5.Peopleusedtoweardogwoods__________________________________.
6.Climbingmountainsisvaluedbypeople,especiallybytheelderly_____________________.
2.whentheseniorsaresupposedtoimprovetheirhealthbytakingpartintheactivities
3.whyancientChinesebegantocelebratethisfestival
4.thatancientpeoplecelebratedit
5.whosebarkandleavesarevaluedfortheirmedicalproperties
6.whowanttolivealongerlife
使用定语从句完成句子。这既是对预习效果的检测，又是对定语从句的复习。学生四人一组，讨论预习案中的问题，又通过完成句子生成新的内容，即定语从句，发现新的问题。这个活动，学生动脑、动口，动手，既能调动学生的积极性，又能感悟语言知识，进行语言输入与输出，还能培养学生的合作意识。
Activity2:LiHuahasdonesomeresearchonChongyangfestival.ReadandcompleteLiHua’se-mailtoArmywithcorrectrelativepronounsorrelativeadverbs.
DearAmy,
Iamgladtoreceiveyourletter,sayingthatyouareinterestedintheDoubleNinthFestival.Hereissomeinformationaboutit.
TheDoubleNinthFestival,1______isalsocalledChongyangfestival,fallsontheNinthdayoftheninthlunarmonth.InChineseculture,ninehaslongbeenregardedasthenumberofyang,makingthedayofthefestivaloneoftwoyang
numbers,while“chong”inChinesemeansdouble.Thus,thenameofthefestivalisChongyang.ChongyangFestivalisatime2_______chrysanthemumisblooming,soenjoyingtheflourishingchrysanthemumisblooming,soenjoyingtheflourishingchrysanthemumalsobecomesakeyactivityonthisfestival.Anothertraditionalactivityiscarryingasprayofdogwood,3._______isaplantwithastrongfragrance,andisoftenusedasaChineseherbalmedicine.Peopleinancienttimesbelieveditcoulddriveawayevilspiritsandpreventonefromgettingachillinlateautumn.
Nowadays,theninthdayoftheninthlunarmonthhasbecomeaspecialdayforpeopletopaytheirrespectstotheelderlyandadayfortheelderlytoenjoythemselves.IthasalsobeendeclaredChina’sdayfortheelderly.Theways4._______peoplecelebratethefestivalarevarious.Forexample,manypeople5._______grandparentslivefarawaywillgohometospendthefestivalwiththem.Familyoutingsareorganizedduring6._______peoplerenewtheirappreciationofnatureandtoreaffirmtheirloveandconcernforfamilymembersandclosefriends.
ThisDoubleNinthFestival,IclimbedtheFenghuangMountainnearmyschoolwithmygrandparents,7.______weenjoyedwarmsunshineandbeautifulscenery.
ItissuchasignificantChinesetraditionalfestivalthatIsincerelyinviteyoutoChinatoexperienceit.Iamlookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.
Yours,
LiHua
参考答案:1.which2.when3.which4.inwhich/that5.whose6.which7.where/inwhich
定语从句的过程性评价可以是专项训练，以帮助学生掌握定语从句的某种表达方式。对于定语从句表达能力的评价可以是对定语从句的一个项目进行评价，也可以是综合的，主要看涉及什么样的活动（王笃勤，2007，319）。根据学习需要，教师建构了一个语篇。这是写给外国朋友的一封电子邮件,介绍中国重阳节文化，用英语讲中国故事。这个学习评价活动主要是针对学生在语篇中如何判断选择关系代词或关系副词而设计的。通过这个活动，可以让学生进一步探究重阳节文化，在语境中比较关系代词和关系副词的用法，体会定语从句在语篇中的使用。学生通过讨论、提问、答疑等方式，解决问题。
Activity3:Drawamindmapingroupsoffour.
Drawamindmapingroupsoffour.
经过前面几个学习活动，学生对于定语从句有了一定的认知。此时，教师鼓励学生利用思维导图，将定语从句的知识结构化。在讨论的过程中，学生开展发现式、探究性学习。这也是一个学习加工的过程，将零碎的语法知识系统化，进一步加深了学生对定语从句核心知识的理解，训练了学生总结归纳语法知识的能力。同时，也是为后续的迁移运用学习活动，实现由知识向能力转化搭建了支架。
Step4
Activity1:CompletethearticlewithattributiveclausesA-F.
TheDoubleNinthFestival,(1)_____,isatraditionalChineseholiday.
AccordingtoYiJing(《易经》),nineisayang(阳)number;theninthdayoftheninthlunarmonth(ordoublenine)hastoomuchyang(atraditionalChinesespiritualconcept),whichisapotentiallydangerousdate.Hence,thedayisalsocalled“DoubleYangFestival”.Toprotectagainstdanger,itisacustomtoclimbahighmountain,andweardogwoodonthatday,(2)_____,andwhichgraduallyevolvedintoarelaxationandexercise.
Inrecentyears,newcontentshavebeenaddedintothisancientfestival,whichhasbecomeatimetoshowrespectfortheelderly.Those(3)_____wishthemgoodhealthandalonglife.
Asisoftenthecase,thefestivalisheldinthegoldenseasonofautumn,(4)_____.TheDoubleNinthFestivalisusuallyperfectforoutdooractivities.Manygohikingandclimbinginthecountryside,(5)_____.Thereareavarietyofways(6)_____.A.inwhichpeoplecelebratethisfestival
B.wheretheycanenjoybeautifulscenery
C.whoholdvariousactivitiesinhonorofseniorcitizens
D.whichfallsontheninthdayoftheninthlunarmonthintheChinesecalendar
E.whichancientpeoplethoughtcouldhelpthemavoidmisfortuneandpreventdisasters
F.whenthebrightclearweatherandthejoyofharvestmakeforafestivehappyatmosphere
参考答案:(1)D(2)E(3)C(4)F(5)B(6)A
Activity2:AforeignfriendisinterestedinChineseculture,andheisquitecuriousaboutthefollowingitems.Pleasedescribeorsaysomethingaboutthemusingattributiveclausesforhim.
thewordNian（年）settingofffirecrackersintheSpringFestival
thedragon-boatracingthemooncaketheninthdayoftheninthlunarmonth
Forexample:OnelegendgoesthatthewordNian,whichinmodernChinesemeans“year”,isoriginallythenameofamonstrousbeastthatstartedtoeatpeoplethenightbeforethebeginningofayear.
在开放性的学习活动中，学生可以根据自己的理解和了解，而不是单纯地根据定语从句结构来描述事物、事件和活动。根据表达的需要，选择词汇和语法结构，给学生提供机会实践定语从句的形式、意义和用法，运用所学的语法知识正确地、有意义地描述或谈论事物或活动，帮助学生发展语言能力，在活动中意识到所学语法知识在交际中的价值。
Activity3：CreateawebpagetointroduceoneoftheChinesetraditionalfestivalsincludingitshistory,activities,customs,purposesandothers.Itisnecessarytousetheattributiveclausesproperly.
教师引导学生进行探究性学习，把课内学到的知识与技能拓展到课外。这是一项实践性、综合性很强的学习活动，要求学生通过小组讨论、分工合作、信息检索、交流汇报等形式的活动，及听、说、读、写训练于一体，用英语介绍中国传统节日，最后呈现网页，培养了学生的创造性思维和综合运用语言的能力。
Homeworkassignment
Finishthewebpage.
附录：课前阅读语篇
TheDoubleNinthFestival
TheDoubleNinthFestivaliscelebratedontheninthdayoftheninthlunarmonth,whichisalsocalledChongyangFestival.Onthisday,peopleeattheDoubleNinthCake,drinkchrysanthemumwine,appreciatechrysanthemumflowers,andclimbmountains.ItisalsoknownastheSenior’sFestival,whentheseniorsaresupposedtoimprovetheirhealthbytakingpartintheactivities.Thefestivalisalsoatimeforfamiliestogettogether,duringwhichfamilyoutingsarearrangedandpeopleenjoythebeautifulnaturetogether.Familymembersandfriendsfeelclosertoeachotherbyparticipatingintheseactivities.
Origin
ThefestivalissaidtodatefromtheWarringStatesperiod.Accordingtotheyin/yang(阴/阳)dichotomywhichformsabasictotheChineseworldview,yinstandsfortheelementsofdarknessandyangstandsforlifeandbrightness.Thenumbernineisconsideredasyang.So,theninthdayoftheninthlunarmonthisadoubleyangday,thereforethenameChongyangfestival(Chongmeans“double”inChinese).Also,asdoubleninthwaspronouncedjiujiu,thesameasthewordstoindicate“forever”,Chineseancestorsthoughtitasanauspiciousday.That’sthereasonwhyancientChinesebegantocelebratethisfestival.
TraditionalCustoms
ClimbingmountainsPeopleliketoclimbmountainsduringthisfestival,sothefestivalisalsoknownas“Mountain-climbingFestival”.InmostpartsofChina,the9thlunarmonthisagoodtimeforsightseeing.So,people,bothinancienttimesandatpresent,lovetogosightseeinginthismonth.Apartfromexpellingbadluckanddisasters,climbingmountainsalsoindicatesclimbingtoahigherposition,andthisistheimportantreasonwhyancientpeoplelovedthiscustom.Itisalsovaluedbypeople,especiallybytheelderly,becauseitmeans“climbtoalongerlife”.Anditisreallyrefreshingtoclimbmountainsandenjoythebeautyofnatureduringthebright,clearandcooltimeinautumn.ClimbingmountainsontheDoubleNinthFestivalwasalreadypopularintheTangdynasty,andalotofpoemswerewrittentocelebratethiscustom.
DrinkingchrysanthemumwineThewaythatchrysanthemumwineisbrewedisunique.Inancienttimes,peopleusuallypickedfreshchrysanthemumflowersandleavesontheDoubleNinthFestival,thenbrewedthemandgrainstogethertomakethewine.Peoplewoulddrinkthewineonthesamedaythenextyear.Thewineissaidtohavemanypositiveeffects--itsharpenspeople’seyesight,alleviatesheadache,reduceshypertension,helpspeopleloseweightandremovesanystomachtrouble,thuscontributingtolongevity.
WearingdogwoodThedogwoodisanevergreen,heavilyscentedplantwhosefruitisedible.Itsbarkandleavesarevaluedfortheirmedicalproperties.Thedogwoodblossomswithwhiteoryellowflowersinspring,andinautumnitproducesredandsourfruit.OntheDoubleNinthFestival,peopleusedtostickdogwoodintotheirhairorhangitsbranchesonwindowsordoorstoavoidevilness.
EatingDoubleNinthCakeAsmooncakestotheMiddleAutumnFestival,theDoubleNinthCakeisveryimportantfortheDoubleNinthFestival.TheDoubleNinthCakeisknownas“flowercake”or“chrysanthemumcake”.ItcanbetracedbacktotheZhoudynasty.Itissaidthatthecakewasfirstmadetocelebratetheautumnharvest.PeoplemadetheDoubleNinthCakeindifferentways,becausetherewasnofixedwaytomakeit.Thecakewasgraduallymadeintodifferenttypes,andthe“supercake”wassaidtohaveasmanyaslayers,lookinglikeatowerwithtwosheeponthetop.InChinese,“糕”(cake)hasthesamepronunciationas“高”(height),and“羊”(sheep)hasthesamepronunciationas“阳”,sopeoplehopetomakeprogressinlifebyeatingthecake.
(改编自程晓堂张祖春扈华唯等LearnEnglishTellChina’sStories-Traditionalfestivals,2019:68-72)
教学设计二
Writingane-mailaboutthefuturejob
1talkaboutdifferenttypesofjobsandqualitiesneededforeachjob
2writeane-mailabouttheirchoicesofthefuturejobs
3prepareforourfuturejobs
Task1talkaboutdifferenttypesofjobsandqualitiesneededforeachjob
Task2writeapassageaboutstudents’choicesoffuturejobs
GuidedPreviewingandSelf-test.
AWhatkindofjobdoyouwanttochooseinthefutureWhy
BWhatqualitiesshouldyouhaveforthejob
CFillintheblanks..
DearWuPing,
Likeyou,IhavebeenthinkinghardaboutwhatjobIwanttodointhefuture.Ireadonearticlethatwasreallyuseful.Itidentifiedsomeofthedifferent________(category)ofjobswecando.Thefirstcategorywas_________(practice)jobs,suchascarpenters,hairdressers,dressmakersandchefs.
MymumthinksIshouldgetajobinoneofthecaringprofessions.ShethinksIwouldbeagoodnurse.Ihavethoughtaboutthequalitiesoneneedstobeanurse.Iamquitecaring,butIthinkthatIamnot_________(efficiency)orpractical.Thenextcategoryinthearticlewas_________(analyze)jobs.IwouldnotbeanygoodatthosesortsofjobsbecauseIamnotgoodatmathsorfigures,soIcouldnotbeanaccountant.YouknowIcannotsingordance,soIcouldnotdoajobinthe_________(entertain)industryeither.Anothercategoryincluded_________(education)jobs,andmydadhasalwayssaidthatIwouldbeagreatteacher.Iam_________(patience)andabletoexplainthingswell,andapartfrommaths,Iamquite_________(knowledge)aboutmostsubjects.IfIweremorelikemycousin,Icouldbeanarchitect.Heisfullof_________(imagine)andgreatatdrawing.Thereweresomeothercategorieslikepublicservicejobs,whichincludedjobslikepoliceofficersandfirefighters.MybestfriendJoanneisthinkingaboutbecomingapoliceofficer.Shelovesallthe_________(detect)programmesandisveryquick-witted.
Ihadbetterstopthinkingaboutjobsandgetonwithmyhomework.Letmeknowifyouhavefoundanyusefulinformationaboutjobs
YangMin
Step1GuidedPresentation
ATalkwithstudentsabouttheteacher’squalitiesandreasonsforthechoiceofthejob.
BAssignthewritingtaskoftheclass.
【设计思路】教师用自己作为话题导入，紧扣主题，既给学生轻松感，又让学生有话可说，可以激活学生的已有图式和知识。因为话题贴近学生生活，所以这种导入是情景化的、生活化的，也是以学生为中心的自然导入。告诉学生本堂课的任务，可以让学生带着目标学习。由于有任务，学生的学习也就变得更有效，而不是“漫无目的”。因为是写作课，所以审题是至关重要的。教师指导学生完成写作要点的规整，可以给学生以示范作用，也可以让他们更准确的完成任务。
Step2GuidedQuestioningandGuidedTraining
Activity1Sharingtheanswerstostudents’self-learningsheets.
Sharetwoofstudents’self-learningsheetsandtalkaboutsomerelevantsentencesaboutjobsandqualities..
【设计思路】教师课堂上展示学生的预习成果，检验学生已有的知识水平和学习状态。同时，教师抓住时机，针对学生的自学情况，提出一些富含思维量的问题，让同学们在师生交流，生生交流中思维碰撞，为写作积累素材。
Activity2Readingthefollowingpassageandfulfillingtheassignment.
Mywonderfulcareer
Hello,IamSoniafromArgentina.Ihaveaveryexcitingjob,whichIwouldliketotellyouabout.IamamountainclimbinginstructorinPatagonia.PatagoniaisalargeareacoveringArgentinaandChileinSouthAmerica.Itisoneofthemostbeautifulplacesintheworldandithasmountainscoveredwithsnow.
ThereasonwhyIchosethisjobwasthatIhavelovedtheoutdoorseversinceIwasachild.MyfamilyandIwouldoftengowalkinginthemountains.AlthoughIstudiedbusinessatuniversity,Ididnotwanttoworkinanoffice.Oneday,justafterIhadgraduated,IsawanadvertisementformountainclimbinginstructorsatSouthernWayMountainSchool.Iappliedforthejob,andbecauseofmypreviousexperience,theyhiredme.Iwassentonatrainingprogrammeformountainclimbinginstructors.ThenItookatesttoshowthatIknewtheproperclimbingtechniquesandthatIcouldguideothers.Now,sevenyearslater,IamtheassistantdirectorofSouthernWayMountainSchool.
Myjobrequiresmanyskills.Firstofall,Imustbeagoodteacher,asIhavetoexplainmountainclimbingtechniquesandsafetyrules.BecausetouristscometoPatagoniafromallovertheworld,languageskillsarealsoimportant.MyfirstlanguageisSpanishandIamalsofluentinEnglishandFrench.Finally,mountainclimbingcanbedangerous,soIamtrainedforemergencysituations,suchashowtogiveaidtoandrescuesomeoneiftheyfallorgethurt.Ifsomeonegetshurt,Ihavetofigureoutthebestwaytogetthemdownthemountainwithoutcausingthemanymorepain.
Becomingamountainclimbinginstructorisagreatjobforme.Everyday,Igettobeoutsideandenjoybeautifulscenery.Besides,Imeetpeoplefromallovertheworld,whichmakesmyjobevenmoreinteresting.
Iwantyoutoknowthatitispossibletocombinesomethingyoulovewithacareer.
Drawamindmapofthispassageaccordingtothequestionsbelow.
1What’sherjob
2Whydidshechoosethejob
Herwonderfulcareer
Step3GuidedPractice
Writeane-mailaccordingtothefollowingrequirements.
假定你是李华，你的英国笔友给你发来邮件询问你对于自己未来职业的想法。请你回复邮件，内容包括：
1.你未来想选择的职业；
2.你选择该职业的原因；
3.你认为从事该选择职业应具备的素质。
注意：
1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【设计思路】学生通过前面一系列梳理与获取、概括与整合、实践与内化的活动，应该已经完全构建了自己的作文思路和框架，所以可以轻松地完成这一写作任务，从而实现语言知识的迁移与创新的目标。
Step4GuidedEvaluation
ASharethecompositionwiththeclass.
BStudentsmakecommentsonsomeofthework.Then,theteachermakesappropriatecomments.
作文评价标准
评价项目
互评
师评
美观
书写（整洁、清晰）2
内容（问题规范、语句通顺）5
结构（层次分明、详略得当）2
标点、大小写、拼写2
语法（尤其动词形式）6
衔接手法（过渡语、连接词）3
语言结构和词汇（恰当、丰富）5
总评
【设计思路】这一环节分为两步。首先是学生评价：教师展示学生的作文，并指导学生从以上的评价角度对班级同学的任务完成情况进行评价；然后教师引导学生共同分析带有普遍性的问题和一些典型性的错误，并及时进行讲评（恰当的给予鼓励和赞赏），将信息反馈给学生，既让学生学会倾听、欣赏，又使学生能够站在老师的立场上去评价自己的学习结果，进而改善学习效果。
AHavestudentsthinkaboutwhatkindsofjobsmaydisappearinthefuture？WhatkindsofnewjobswillbecreatedWritedowntheiropinions.
BHavestudentsfinishthefollowingpassageandtalkaboutthepurposeofit.
RichandFamous
TwentyyearsagothemostcommonambitionofAmericanchildrenwastobeateacher,followedbyworkinginbankingandfinance,andthenmedicine.Buttoday’ssituationisquitedifferent.1Insteadtheymostcommonlysaytheywanttobeasportsstar,oranactor—inotherwords,theyhopetobecomeacelebrity.
Accordingtoexperts,youngpeopledesirethesejobslargelybecauseofthewealthandthefame.2Let’stakeathletesandsingersasanexample.Theircareersareshort-lived.Manyathletes’besttimeonlylastsafewyearsandsingerscanhaveaverylimitedcareer.Thefieldthatwasoncethefocusoftheirlivesbecomessomethingtheyhavelittleornoinvolvementin.Asaresult,they’llhaveafeelingofworthlessnessandalackofcontrol.3Thetruthisquitesimple:theyhavebeensofarremovedfromitforsolong.
Inspiteofthesedisadvantages,thereisgreaterambitionthaneveramongyoungpeopletoachievethatstatus.Theyarenotsatisfiedjustmakingaliving—theywanttoberichandfamous.Globally,moreandmoreTVshowsprovidetalentcompetitionswherewinnerscanachievetheirgoalsinjustafewweeksormonths.4Theyunrealisticallybelievethatthislifestyleiseasilyobtainedandleadstogreatsatisfaction.
Whilemanypeoplearguethatthereisnothingwrongwithhavingsuchambitions,othersfeelthatthistrendwillfinallyleadtodissatisfactionasmoreandmorepeopleareunabletoreachtheirgoals.5Thatmeanstheyignorethesimplefactthatgreateffortisneededbeforesuccess.Asaresult,manypeoplewon’trealizetheirchildhooddreams,whichcouldhaveanegativeeffectontheirhappiness.
A.Theyoungergenerationdon’tfavortheseprofessionsanymore.
B.Inmanywaysthishasbeenbroughtaboutbythecelebrityculture.
C.Unfortunately,theydonotalwayshaveapositiveeffectonpeople’slife.
D.Besides,itcanbedifficultforthemtoadaptbacktoanormaleverydaylife.
E.Peoplenolongerhaveasenseofsatisfactiononcetheirgoalshavebeenachieved.
F.Thisquickwayofgainingwealthandfamecreatesacelebritycultureamongpeople.
G.Thereasonisthattheydon’trealizeittakestalentandhardworktoberichandfamous.
【设计思路】这两个作业的设计目的一是让学生思考未来的职业发展趋势，通过英语学习帮助学生成长；二是培养学生的思辨能力，让学生正视自己对未来职业的选择，避免一些对自己生活没有积极影响、不切实际的工作种类。