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Sayingtheycannolongerignoretherisingpricesofhealthcare,someofthemostinfluentialmedicalgroupsinthenationarerecommendingthatdoctorsweighthecosts,notjusttheeffectivenessoftreatments,astheymakedecisionsaboutpatientcare.

Theshift,littlenoticedoutsidethemedicalestablishmentbutalreadycontroversialinsideit,suggeststhatdoctorsarestartingtoredefinetheirroles,frombeingconcernedexclusivelyaboutindividualpatientstoexertinginfluenceonhowhealthcaredollarsarespent.

Inpracticalterms,thenewguidelinesbeingdevelopedcouldresultindoctorschoosingonedrugoveranotherforcostreasonsorevendecidingthataparticulartreatment—attheendoflife,forexample—istooexpensive.Intheextreme,somecriticshavesaidthatmakingtreatmentdecisionsbasedoncostisaformofrationing.

Traditionally,guidelineshaveheavilyinfluencedthepracticeofmedicine,andthelatestonesareexpectedtomakedoctorsmoreconsciousoftheeconomicconsequencesoftheirdecisions,eventhoughthere’snoobligationtofollowthem.Medicalsocietyguidelinesarealsousedbyinsurancecompaniestohelpdeterminereimbursement(报销)policies.

Somedoctorsseeapotentialconflictintryingtobebothprovidersofpatientcareandfinancialoverseers.“Thereshouldbeforcesinsocietywhoshouldbeconcernedaboutthebudget,buttheyshouldn’tbefunctioningsimultaneouslyasdoctors,”saidDr.MartinSamuelsataBostonhospital.Hesaiddoctorsriskedlosingthetrustofpatientsiftheytoldpatients,“I’mnotgoingtodowhatIthinkisbestforyoubecauseIthinkit’sbadforthehealthcarebudgetinMassachusetts.”

Doctorscanfacesomegrimtrade-offs.Studieshaveshown,forexample,thattwodrugsareaboutequallyeffectiveintreatingmaculardegeneration,andeyedisease.Butonecosts$50adoseandtheothercloseto$2000.Medicarecouldsavehundredsofmillionsofdollarsayearifeveryoneusedthecheaperdrug,Avastin,insteadofthecostlierone,Lucentis.

ButtheFoodandDrugAdministrationhasnotapprovedAvastinforuseintheeye,andusingitratherthanthealternative,Lucentis,mightcarryanadditional,althoughslight,safetyrisk.ShoulddoctorsconsiderMedicare’sbudgetindecidingwhattouse

“Ithinkethically(在道德层面上)wearejustworriedaboutthepatientinfrontofusandnottryingtosavemoneyfortheinsuranceindustryorsocietyasawhole,”saidDr.DonaldJensen.

Still,someanalystssaythatthere’sarolefordoctorstoplayincostanalysisbecausenotmanyothersaredoingso.“Insomeways,”saidDr.DanielSulmasy,“itrepresentsafailureofwidersocietytotakeuptheissue.”

美国一些最具影响力的医疗团体表示,他们不能再忽视医疗保健价格的上涨,他们建议医生在做出患者护理决策时,权衡成本,而不仅仅是治疗的有效性。

这种转变在医疗机构之外很少被注意到,但在医疗机构内部已经引起了争议,这表明医生开始重新定义他们的角色,从只关心个别患者,到对医疗费用的使用施加影响。

实际上,正在制定的新指南可能会导致医生出于成本原因选择一种药物而不是另一种药物,甚至认为某种特定的治疗方法——例如在生命末期——过于昂贵。在极端情况下,一些批评人士表示,根据成本做出治疗决定是一种配给形式。

传统上,指导方针在很大程度上影响了医学实践,最新的指导方针有望让医生更加意识到他们的决定所带来的经济后果,尽管没有义务遵守这些指导方针。保险公司也使用医学会指南来帮助确定报销(报销)政策。

一些医生认为,在努力成为患者护理提供者和财务监督员的过程中存在潜在的冲突。波士顿一家医院的马丁·萨缪尔斯博士说:“社会上应该有一些力量关心预算,但他们不应该同时作为医生发挥作用。”。他说,如果医生告诉患者,“我不会做我认为对你最好的事情,因为我认为这对马萨诸塞州的医疗预算不利。”

医生可能会面临一些严峻的权衡。例如,研究表明,这两种药物在治疗黄斑变性和眼病方面几乎同等有效。但其中一剂售价50美元,另一剂接近2000美元。如果每个人都使用更便宜的药物Avastin,而不是更昂贵的Lucentis,医疗保险每年可以节省数亿美元。

但美国食品药品监督管理局尚未批准阿瓦斯汀用于眼部,使用它而不是替代品Lucentis可能会带来额外的安全风险,尽管风险很小。医生是否应该考虑医疗保险的预算来决定使用什么?

“我认为合乎道德(在道德层面上)我们只是担心眼前的病人,而不是试图为保险业或整个社会省钱,”唐纳德·詹森博士说。

尽管如此,一些分析人士表示,医生在成本分析中可以发挥作用,因为没有多少其他人这样做。“在某些方面,”DanielSulmasy博士说,“这代表着更广泛的社会未能处理这个问题。”

句子成分分析:

[Intheextreme],somecriticshavesaid|thatmakingtreatmentdecisions(basedoncost)isaform(ofrationing).

句子语法结构详解:

(said为say的过去分词。)*said为谓语,采用现在完成时。*that为连词,引导宾语从句。*making为动名词,在句中作主语。*basedoncost为后置定语。*is为系动词作谓语,采用一般现在时。*have为助动词。the为定冠词。a为不定冠词。

Phrase:

intheextreme

极度,极其

bebasedon...

基于...

Vocabulary:

some[sm]

a.

1)一些2)某一,某个

n.

say[sei]

vt.

1)说,讲,告诉2)比方说,假设

make[meik]

1)使,致使,促使2)做,制作,创造,创作,建造3)使出现,形成

1)治疗,疗法,诊治2)对待,待遇

1)决定,抉择2)果敢,决断力

cost[kst]

1)花费,费用2)成本

form[f:m]

1)形式,形状,样子2)表格

定量配给政策;配给制

Somedoctorsseeapotentialconflict[intryingtobebothproviders(ofpatientcare)andfinancialoverseers].

*see为谓语,采用一般现在时。*trying为动名词,作介词宾语。*tobe为不定式,作宾语。*be为系动词。*句中含有both...and...并列结构,意为“……和……(两者)都”;“既...又...”。*a为不定冠词。

both...and...

(...和...两者)都,既...又...

1)医生2)博士

see[si:]

1)看见,见到,看出2)观看(比赛、电视节目、演出等)

潜在的,可能的

1)冲突,争执,争论2)(军事)冲突,战斗

try[trai]

1)试图,想要,设法2)试,试用,试做,试验

provider

供应者;提供者;供养人

有耐心的,能忍耐的

care[k]

1)谨慎,小心2)照料,看护

财政的,财务的,金融的

1)监工;工头2)(某体系的)监督者,监督机构,督察

still[stil]

ad.

1)仍然,还是,还2)(加强比较级)还要,还有,更

1)分析者;化验员2)精神分析学家(或医生)

role[rul]

1)职能,地位,角色2)(演员的)角色

play[plei]

1)(在电影、话剧中)扮角色,扮演,表演2)玩,做(游戏)

1)(对事物的)分析,分析结果2)(对物质的)分析

conj.

因为

not[nt]

1)不,没有2)不没有

许多,很多

1)其他人,其他的(事物)2)其余的人或事物,剩下的人或事物

do[du:]

vi.

1)(以某种方式)做,行动,表现2)(询问或谈论时用)进展,进行

THE END
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