(题目选自2013年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)试题Text4)
Onafivetothreevote,theSupremeCourtknockedoutmuchofArizona’simmigrationlawMonday—amodestpolicyvictoryfortheObamaAdministration.ButonthemoreimportantmatteroftheConstitution,thedecisionwasan8-0defeatfortheAdministration’sefforttoupsetthebalanceofpowerbetweenthefederalgovernmentandthestates.
In“Arizonav.UnitedStates”,themajorityoverturnedthreeofthefourcontestedprovisionsofArizona’scontroversialplantohavestateandlocalpoliceenforcefederalimmigrationlaw.TheConstitutionalprinciplesthatWashingtonalonehasthepowerto“establishauniformRuleofNaturalization”andthatfederallawsprecedestatelawsarenoncontroversial.Arizonahadattemptedtofashionstatepoliciesthatranparalleltotheexistingfederalones.
JusticeAnthonyKennedy,joinedbyChiefJusticeJohnRobertsandtheCourt’sliberals,ruledthatthestateflewtooclosetothefederalsun.OntheoverturnedprovisionsthemajorityheldthatCongresshaddeliberately“occupiedthefield,”andArizonahadthusintrudedonthefederal’sprivilegedpowers.
However,theJusticessaidthatArizonapolicewouldbeallowedtoverifythelegalstatusofpeoplewhocomeincontactwithlawenforcement.That’sbecauseCongresshasalwaysenvisionedjointfederal-stateimmigrationenforcementandexplicitlyencouragesstateofficerstoshareinformationandcooperatewithfederalcolleagues.
TwoofthethreeobjectingJustices—SamuelAlitoandClarenceThomas—agreedwiththisConstitutionallogicbutdisagreedaboutwhichArizonarulesconflictedwiththefederalstatute.TheonlymajorobjectioncamefromJusticeAntoninScalia,whoofferedanevenmorerobustdefenseofstateprivilegesgoingbacktotheAlienandSeditionActs.
The8-0objectiontoPresidentObamaturnsonwhatJusticeSamuelAlitodescribesinhisobjectionas“ashockingassertionoffederalexecutivepower.”TheWhiteHousearguedthatArizona’slawsconflictedwithitsenforcementpriorities,evenifstatelawscompliedwithfederalstatutestotheletter.Ineffect,theWhiteHouseclaimedthatitcouldinvalidateanyotherwiselegitimatestatelawthatitdisagreeswith.
Somepowersdobelongexclusivelytothefederalgovernment,andcontrolofcitizenshipandthebordersisamongthem.ButifCongresswantedtopreventstatesfromusingtheirownresourcestocheckimmigrationstatus,itcould.Itneverdidso.TheAdministrationwasinessenceassertingthatbecauseitdidn’twanttocarryoutCongress’simmigrationwishes,no
36.ThreeprovisionsofArizona’splanwereoverturnedbecausethey______.
[A]oversteppedtheauthorityoffederalimmigrationlaw
[B]disturbedthepowerbalancebetweendifferentstates
[C]deprivedthefederalpoliceofConstitutionalpowers
[D]contradictedboththefederalandstatepolicies
37.OnwhichofthefollowingdidtheJusticesagree,accordingtoParagraph4
[A]States’independencefromfederalimmigrationlaw.
[B]Federalofficers’dutytowithholdimmigrants’information.
[C]States’legitimateroleinimmigrationenforcement.
[D]Congress’sinterventioninimmigrationenforcement.
38.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph5thattheAlienandSeditionActs______.
[A]violatedtheConstitution
[B]stoodinfavorofthestates
[C]supportedthefederalstatute
[D]underminedthestates’interests
39.TheWhiteHouseclaimsthatitspowerofenforcement______.
[A]outweighsthatheldbythestates
[B]isestablishedbyfederalstatutes
[C]isdependentonthestates’support
[D]rarelygoesagainststatelaws
40.Whatcanbelearnedfromthelastparagraph
[A]ImmigrationissuesareusuallydecidedbyCongress.
[B]TheAdministrationisdominantoverimmigrationissues.
[C]JusticeswantedtostrengthenitscoordinationwithCongress.
[D]JusticesintendedtocheckthepoweroftheAdministration.
答案：36-40ACBAD
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