Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]ontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)
WhydopeoplereadnegativeInternetcommentsanddootherthingsthatwillobviouslybepainfulBecausehumanshaveaninherentneedto1uncertainty,accordingtoarecentstudyinPsychologicalScience.Thenewresearchrevealsthattheneedtoknowisstrongthatpeoplewill2tosatisfytheircuriosityevenwhenitiscleartheanswerwill3.
Inaseriesofexperiments,behavioralscientistsattheUniversityofChicagoandtheWisconsinschoolofBusinesstestedstudents’willingnessto4themselvestounpleasantstimuliinanefforttosatisfycuriosity.Forone5,eachparticipantwasshownapileofpensthattheresearcherclaimedwerefromapreviousexperiment.ThetwistHalfofthepenswould6anelectricshockwhenclicked.
Twenty-sevenstudentsweretoldwithpenswereelectrified;anothertwenty-sevenweretoldonlythatsomewereelectrified.7leftaloneintheroom.Thestudentswhodidnotknowwhichoneswouldshockthemclickedmorepensandincurredmoreshocksthanthestudentswhoknewthatwould8.Subsequentexperimentsreproducedthiseffectwithotherstimuli,9thesoundoffingernailsonachalkboardandphotographsofdisgustinginsects.
Thedriveto10isdeeplyrootedinhumans,muchthesameasthebasicdrivesfor11orshelter,saysChristopherHseeoftheUniversityofChicago.Curiosityisoftenconsideredagoodinstinct—itcan12newscientificadvances,forinstance—butsometimessuch13canbackfire.Theinsightthatcuriositycandriveyoutodo14thingsisaprofoundone.
Unhealthycuriosityispossibleto15,however.Inafinalexperiment,participantswhowereencouragedto16howtheywouldfeelafterviewinganunpleasantpicturewerelesslikelyto17toseesuchanimage.Theseresultssuggestthatimaginingthe18offollowingthroughonone’scuriosityaheadoftimecanhelpdetermine19itisworththeendeavor.Thinkingaboutlong-term20iskeytoreducingthepossiblenegativeeffectsofcuriosity,”Hseesays.Inotherwords,don’treadonlinecomments.
1.A.ignoreB.protectC.discussD.resolve
2.A.refuseB.seekC.waitD.regret
3.A.riseB.lastC.hurtD.mislead
4.A.alertB.exposeC.tieD.treat
5.A.trialB.messageC.reviewD.concept
6.A.removeB.deliverC.weakenD.interrupt
7.A.UnlessB.IfC.WhenD.Though
8.A.changeB.continueC.disappearD.happen
9.A.suchasB.ratherthanC.regardlessofD.owingto
10.A.disagreeB.forgiveC.discoverD.forget
11.A.payB.foodC.marriageD.schooling
12.A.beginwithB.restonC.leadtoD.learnfrom
13.A.inquiryB.withdrawalC.persistenceD.diligence
14.A.self-deceptiveB.self-reliantC.self-evidentD.self-destructive
15.A.traceB.defineC.replaceD.resist
16.A.concealB.overlookC.designD.predict
17.A.chooseB.rememberC.promiseD.pretend
18.A.reliefB.outcomeC.planD.duty
19.A.howB.whyC.whereD.whether
20.A.limitationsB.investmentsC.consequencesD.strategies
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartA
Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)
Text1
ItiscuriousthatStephenKoziatekfeelsalmostasthoughhehastojustifyhiseffortstogivehisstudentsabetterfuture.
Mr.Koziatekispartofsomethingpioneering.HeisateacherataNewHampshirehighschoolwherelearningisnotsomethingofbooksandtestsandmechanicalmemorization,butpractical.Whendiditbecomeacceptedwisdomthatstudentsshouldbeabletonamethe13thpresidentoftheUnitedStatesbutbeutterlyoverwhelmedbyabrokenbikeChain
AsKoziatekknow,thereislearninginjustabouteverything.Nothingisnecessarilygainedbyforcingstudentstolearngeometryatagraffitieddeskstuckwithgenerationsofdiscardedchewinggum.Theycanalsolearngeometrybyassemblingabicycle.
Buthe’salsofoundakindofinsidiousprejudice.Workingwithyourhandsisseenasalmostamarkofinferiority.Schoolinthefamilyofvocationaleducation“havethatstereotype...thatit’sforkidswhocan’tmakeitacademically,”hesays.
Ononehand,thatviewpointisalogicalproductofAmerica’sevolution.Manufacturingisnottheeconomicenginethatitoncewas.ThejobsecuritythattheUSeconomyonceofferedtohighschoolgraduateshaslargelyevaporated.Moreeducationisthenewprinciple.Wewantmoreforourkids,andrightfullyso.
Buttheheadlongpushintobachelor’sdegreesforall—andthesubtledevaluingofanythingless—missesanimportantpoint:That’snottheonlythingtheAmericaneconomyneeds.Yes,abachelor’sdegreeopensmoredoors.Butevennow,54percentofthejobsinthecountryaremiddle-skilljobs,suchasconstructionandhigh-skillmanufacturing.Butonly44percentofworkersareadequatelytrained.
Inotherwords,atatimewhentheworkingclasshasturnedthecountryonitspoliticalhead,frustratedthattheopportunitythatoncedefinedAmericaisvanishing,oneobvioussolutionisstaringusintheface.Thereisagapinworking-classjobs,buttheworkerswhoneedthosejobsmostaren’tequippedtodothem.Koziatek’sManchesterSchoolofTechnologyHighSchoolistryingtofillthatgap.
Koziatek’sschoolisawake-upcall.Wheneducationbecomesone-size-fits-all,itrisksoverlookinganation’sdiversityofgifts.
21.Abrokenbikechainismentionedtoshowstudents’lackof.
A.academictraining
B.practicalability
C.pioneeringspirit
D.mechanicalmemorization
22.Thereexiststheprejudicethatvocationaleducationisforkidswho.
A.haveastereotypedmind
B.havenocareermotivation
C.arefinanciallydisadvantaged
D.arenotacademicallysuccessful
23.wecaninferfromParagraph5thathighschoolgraduates.
A.usedtohavemorejobopportunities
B.usedtohavebigfinancialconcerns
C.areentitledtomoreeducationalprivileges
D.arereluctanttoworkinmanufacturing
24.Theheadlongpushintobachelorsdegreesforall.
A.helpscreatealotofmiddle-skilljobs
B.maynarrowthegapinworking-classjobs
C.indicatestheovervaluingofhighereducation
D.isexpectedtoyieldabetter-trainedworkforce
25.Theauthor’sattitudetowardKoziatek’sschoolcanbedescribedas.
A.tolerant
B.cautious
C.supportive
D.disappointed
Text2
Whilefossilfuels—coal，oil，gas—stillgenerateroughly85percentoftheworld’senergysupply,it'sclearerthaneverthatthefuturebelongstorenewablesourcessuchaswindandsolar.Themovetorenewablesispickingupmomentumaroundtheworld：Theynowaccountformorethanhalfofnewpowersourcesgoingonline.
Somegrowthstemsfromacommitmentbygovernmentsandfarsightedbusinessestofundcleanerenergysources.Butincreasinglythestoryisabouttheplummetingpricesofrenewables，especiallywindandsolar.Thecostofsolarpanelshasdroppedby80percentandthecostofwindturbinesbyclosetoone-thirdinthepasteightyears.
Inmanypartsoftheworldrenewableenergyisalreadyaprincipalenergysource.InScotland，forexample，windturbinesprovideenoughelectricitytopower95percentofhomes.Whiletherestoftheworldtakesthelead，notablyChinaandEurope，theUnitedStatesisalsoseeingaremarkableshift.InMarch，forthefirsttime，windandsolarpoweraccountedformorethan10percentofthepowergeneratedintheUS，reportedtheUSEnergyInformationAdministration.
PresidentTrumphasunderlinedfossilfuels—especiallycoal—asthepathtoeconomicgrowth.InarecentspeechinIowa，hedismissedwindpowerasanunreliableenergysource.ButthatmessagedidnotplaywellwithmanyinIowa，wherewindturbinesdotthefieldsandprovide36percentofthestate’selectricitygeneration—andwheretechgiantslikeMicrosoftarebeingattractedbytheavailabilityofcleanenergytopowertheirdatacenters.
Thequestion“whathappenswhenthewinddoesn’tbloworthesundoesn’tshine”hasprovidedaquickput-downforskeptics.Butaboostinthestoragecapacityofbatteriesismakingtheirabilitytokeeppowerflowingaroundtheclockmorelikely.
Theadvanceisdriveninpartbyvehiclemanufacturers，whoareplacingbigbetsonbattery-poweredelectricvehicles.Althoughelectriccarsarestillararityonroadsnow,thismassiveinvestmentcouldchangethepicturerapidlyincomingyears.
Whilethere’salongwaytogo，thetrendlinesforrenewablesarespiking.Thepaceofchangeinenergysourcesappearstobespeedingup—perhapsjustintimetohaveameaningfuleffectinslowingclimatechange.WhatWashingtondoes—ordoesn’tdo—topromotealternativeenergymaymeanlessandlessatatimeofaglobalshiftinthought.
26.Theword“plummeting”(Line3，Para.2)isclosestinmeaningto.
A.stabilizing
B.changing
C.falling
D.rising
27.AccordingtoParagraph3，theuseofrenewableenergyinAmerica.
A.isprogressingnotably
B.isasextensiveasinEurope
C.facesmanychallenges
D.hasprovedtobeimpractical
28.ItcanbelearnedthatinIowa,.
A.windisawidelyusedenergysource
B.windenergyhasreplacedfossilfuels
C.techgiantsareinvestingincleanenergy
D.thereisashortageofcleanenergysupply
29.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutcleanenergyaccordingtoParagraphs5&6
A.Itsapplicationhasboostedbatterystorage.
B.Itiscommonlyusedincarmanufacturing.
C.Itscontinuoussupplyisbecomingareality.
D.Itssustainableexploitationwillremaindifficult.
30.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatrenewableenergy.
A.willbringtheUSclosertoothercountries
B.willaccelerateglobalenvironmentalchange
C.isnotreallyencouragedbytheUSgovernment
D.isnotcompetitiveenoughwithregardtoitscost
Text3
Thepowerandambitionofthegiantsofthedigitaleconomyisastonishing—AmazonhasjustannouncedthepurchaseoftheupmarketgrocerychainWholeFoodsfor$13.5bn，buttwoyearsagoFacebookpaidevenmorethanthattoacquiretheWhatsAppmessagingservice，whichdoesn’thaveanyphysicalproductatall.WhatWhatsAppofferedFacebookwasanintricateandfinelydetailedwebofitsusers’friendshipsandsociallives.
FacebookpromisedtheEuropeancommissionthenthatitwouldnotlinkphonenumberstoFacebookidentities，butitbrokethepromisealmostassoonasthedealwentthrough.Evenwithoutknowingwhatwasinthemessages，theknowledgeofwhosentthemandtowhomwasenormouslyrevealingandstillcouldbe.Whatpoliticaljournalist，whatpartywhip，wouldnotwanttoknowthemakeupoftheWhatsAppgroupsinwhichTheresaMay’senemiesarecurrentlyplottingItmaybethatthevalueofWholeFoodstoAmazonisnotsomuchthe460shopsitowns,buttherecordsofwhichcustomershavepurchasedwhat.
Competitionlawappearstobetheonlywaytoaddresstheseimbalancesofpower.Butitisclumsy.Foronething,itisveryslowcomparedtothepaceofchangewithinthedigitaleconomy.Bythetimeaproblemhasbeenaddressedandremedieditmayhavevanishedinthemarketplace,tobereplacedbynewabusesofpower.Butthereisadeeperconceptualproblem,too.Competitionlawaspresentlyinterpreteddealswithfinancialdisadvantagetoconsumersandthisisnotobviouswhentheusersoftheseservicesdon’tpayforthem.Theusersoftheirservicesarenottheircustomers.Thatwouldbethepeoplewhobuyadvertisingfromthem—andFacebookandGoogle，thetwovirtualgiants，dominatedigitaladvertisingtothedisadvantageofallothermediaandentertainmentcompanies.
Theproductthey’resellingisdata，andwe，theusers，convertourlivestodataforthebenefitofthedigitalgiants.Justassomeantsfarmthebugscalledaphidsforthehoneydewtheyproducewhentheyfeed,soGooglefarmsusforthedatathatourdigitallivesyield.Antskeeppredatoryinsectsawayfromwheretheiraphidsfeed;Gmailkeepsthespammersoutofourinboxes.Itdoesn’tfeellikeahumanordemocraticrelationship，evenifbothsidesbenefit.
31.AccordingtoParagraph1,FacebookacquiredWhatsAppforits.
A.digitalproducts
B.userinformation
C.physicalassets
D.qualityservice
32.LinkingphonenumberstoFacebookidentitiesmay.
A.worsenpoliticaldisputes
B.messupcustomerrecords
C.posearisktoFacebookusers
D.misleadtheEuropeancommission
33.Accordingtotheauthor,competitionlaw.
A.shouldservethenewmarketpowers
B.mayworsentheeconomicimbalance
C.shouldnotprovidejustonelegalsolution
D.cannotkeeppacewiththechangingmarket
34.CompetitionlawaspresentlyinterpretedcanhardlyprotectFacebookusersbecause.
A.theyarenotdefinedascustomers
B.theyarenotfinanciallyreliable
C.theservicesaregenerallydigital
D.theservicesarepaidforbyadvertisers
35.Theantsanalogyisusedtoillustrate.
A.awin-winbusinessmodelbetweendigitalgiants
B.atypicalcompetitionpatternamongdigitalgiants
C.thebenefitsprovidedfordigitalgiants’customers
D.therelationshipbetweendigitalgiantsandtheirusers
Text4
Tocombatthetrapofputtingapremiumonbeingbusy,CalNewport,authorofDeepwork:RulesforFocusedSuccessinaDistractedworld,recommendsbuildingahabitof“deepwork”—theabilitytofocuswithoutdistraction.
Thereareanumberofapproachestomasteringtheartofdeepwork—beitlengthyretreatsdedicatedtoaspecifictask;developingadailyritual;ortakinga“journalistic”approachtoseizingmomentsofdeepworkwhenyoucanthroughouttheday.Whicheverapproach,thekeyistodetermineyourlengthoffocustimeandsticktoit.
Newportalsorecommends“deepscheduling”tocombatconstantinterruptionsandgetmoredoneinlesstime.“Atanygivenpoint,Ishouldhavedeepworkscheduledforroughlythenextmonth.OnceonthecalendarIprotectthistimelikeIwouldadoctor’sappointmentorimportantmeeting”,hewrites.
Anotherapproachtogettingmoredoneinlesstimeistorethinkhowyouprioritizeyourday—inparticularhowwecraftourto-dolists.TimHarford,authorofMessy:ThePowerofDisordertoTransformOurLives,pointstoastudyintheearly1980sthatdividedundergraduatesintotwogroups:somewereadvisedtosetoutmonthlygoalsandstudyactivities;othersweretoldtoplanactivitiesandgoalsinmuchmoredetail,daybyday.
Whiletheresearchersassumedthatthewell-structureddailyplanswouldbemosteffectivewhenitcametotheexecutionoftasks,theywerewrong:thedetaileddailyplansdemotivatedstudents.Harfordarguesthatinevitabledistractionsoftenrenderthedailyto-dolistineffective,whileleavingroomforimprovisationinsuchalistcanreapthebestresults.
Inordertomakethemostofourfocusandenergy.Wealsoneedtoembracedowntime,orasNewportsuggests,“belazy.”
“Idlenessisnotjustavacation,anindulgenceoravice;itisasindispensabletobebrainasVitaminDistothebody...[idleness]is,paradoxically,necessarytogettinganyworkdone,”heargues.
SriniPillay,anassistantprofessorofpsychiatryatHarvardMedicalSchool,believesthiscounter-intuitivelinkbetweendowntimeandproductivitymaybeduetothewayourbrainsoperateWhenourbrainsswitchbetweenbeingfocusedandunfocusedonatask,theytendtobemoreefficient.
“Whatpeopledon’trealiseisthatinordertocompletethesetaskstheyneedtouseboththefocusandunfocuscircuitsintheirbrain”.saysPillay.
36.Thekeytomasteringtheartofdeepworkisto________.
A.keeptoyourfocustime
B.listyourimmediatetasks
C.makespecificdailyplans
D.seizeeveryminutetowork
37.Thestudyintheearly1980scitedbyHarfordshowsthat________.
A.distractionsmayactuallyincreaseefficiency
B.dailyschedulesareindispensabletostudying
C.studentsarehardlymotivatedbymonthlygoals
D.detailedplansmanynotbeasfruitfulasexpected
38.AccordingtoNewport,idlenessis________.
A.adesirablementalstateforbusypeople
B.amajorcontributortophysicalhealth
C.aneffectivewaytosavetimeandenergy
D.anessentialfactorinaccomplishinganywork
39.Pillaybelievesthatourbrains’shiftbetweenbeingfocusedandunfocused_______.
A.canresultinpsychologicalwell-being
B.canbringaboutgreaterefficiency
C.isaimedatbetterbalanceinwork
D.isdrivenbytaskurgency
40.Thistextismainlyabout_______.
A.waystorelievethetensionofbusylife
B.approachestogettingmoredoneinlesstime
C.thekeytoeliminatingdistractions
D.thecauseofthelackoffocustime
PartB
Readthefollowingtextandmatcheachofthenumbereditemsintheleftcolumntoitscorrespondinginformationintherightcolumn.Therearetwoextrachoicesintherightcolumn.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)
A.Justsayit
B.Bepresent
C.Payauniquecompliment
D.Name,places,things
E.Findthe“metoo”s
F.Skipthesmalltalk
G.Askforanopinion
Fivewaystomakeconversationwithanyone
Conversationsarelinks,whichmeanswhenyouhaveaconversationwithanewpersonalinkgetsformedandeveryconversationyouhaveafterthatmomentwillstrengthenthelink.
Youmeetnewpeopleeveryday:thegroceryworker,thecabdriver,newpeopleatworkorthesecurityguardatthedoor.Simplystartingaconversationwiththemwillformalink.
Herearefivesimplewaysthatyoucanmakethefirstmoveandstartaconversationwithstrangers.
41.____________
Supposeyouareinaroomwithsomeoneyoudon’tknowandsomethingwithinyousays“Iwanttotalkwiththisperson”—thisissomethingthemostlyhappenswithallofus.Youwantedtosaysomething—thefirstword—butitjustwon’tcomeout.Itfeelslikeitisstucksomewhere,Iknowthefeelingandhereismyadvicejustgetitout.
Justthink:thatistheworstthatcouldhappenTheywon’ttalkwithyouWell,theyarenottalkingwithyounow!
Itrulybelievethatonceyougetthatfirstwordouteverythingelsewilljustflow.Sokeepitsimple:“Hi”,“Hey”or“Hello”—dothebestyoucantogatheralloftheenthusiasmandenergyyoucan,putonabigsmileandsay“Hi”.
42.____________
It’saproblemallofusface:youhavelimitedtimewiththepersonthatyouwanttotalkwithandyouwanttomakethistalkmemorable.
Honestly,ifwegotstuckintherutof“hi”,“hello”,“howareyou”and“what’sgoingon”youwillfailtogivetheinitialjolttotheconversationthat’scanmakeitsomemorable.
Sodon’tbeafraidtoaskmorepersonalquestions.Trustme,you’llbesurprisedtoseehowmuchpeoplearewillingtoshareifyoujustask.
43.____________
Whenyoumeetapersonforthefirsttime,makeanefforttofindthethingswhichyouandthatpersonhaveincommonsothatyoucanbuildtheconversationfromthatpoint.Whenyoustartconversationfromthereandthenmoveoutwards,you’llfindallofasuddenthattheconversationbecomesaloteasier.
44.____________
Imagineyouarepouringyourheartouttosomeoneandtheyarejustbusyontheirphone,andifyouaskfortheirattentionyougettheresponse“Icanmultitask”.
Sowhensomeonetriestocommunicatewithyou,justbeinthatcommunicationwholeheartedly.Makeeyecontact,youcanfeeltheconversation.
45.____________
Youallcameintoaconversationwhereyoufirstmettheperson,butaftersometimeyoumayhavemetagainandhaveforgottentheirname.Isn’tthatawkward!
Sorememberthelittledetailsofthepeopleyoumetoryoutalkedwith;perhapstheplacestheyhavebeentotheplacetheywanttogo,thethingstheylike,thethingthehate—whateveryoutalkabout.
Whenyouremembersuchthingyoucanautomaticallybecomeinvestorintheirwellbeing.Sothefeelaresponsibilitytoyoutokeepthatrelationshipgoing.
That’sit.Fiveamazingwaysthatyoucanmakeconversationwithalmostanyone.Everypersonisareallygoodbooktoread,ortohaveaconversationwith!
SectionⅢTranslation
46.Directions:
TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)
Afifthgardergetsahomeworkassignmenttoselecthisfuturecareerpathfromalistofoccupations.Heticks“astronaut”butquicklyadds“scientist”tothelistandselectsitaswell.Theboyisconvincedthatifhereadsenough.Hecanexploreasmanycareerpathsashelikes.Andsohereads—everythingfromencyclopediastosciencefictionnovels.Hereadssopassionatelythathisparentshavetoinstitutea“noreadingpolicy”atthedinnertable.
ThatboywasBillGates,andhehasn’tstoppedreadingyet—notevenafterbecomingoneofthemostsciencefictionandreferencebooks;recently,herevealedthathereadsatleastsononfictionbooksayear.Gateschoosesnonfictiontitlebecausetheyexplainhowtheworldworks.“Eachbookopensupnewavenuesofknowledge,”Gatessays.
SectionⅣWriting
47.Directions:
SupposeyouhavetocancelyourtravelplanandwillnotbeabletovisitProfessorSmith.Writehimanemailto
1)apologizeandexplainthesituation,and
2)suggestafuturemeeting.
Youshouldwriteabout100wordsontheANSWERSHEET.
Donotuseyourownname.Use“LiMing”instead.
Donotwriteyouraddress.(10points)
48.Directions：
Writeanessaybasedonthechartbelow.Inyourwritingyoushould
1)interpretthechartand
2)giveyourcomments
Youshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)
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