四级听力
PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)
SectionANewsReportDirections：Inthissection，youwillhearthreenewsreports。Attheendofeachnewsreport，youwillheartwoorthreequestions。Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce。Afteryouhearaquestion，youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA），B），C）andD）。ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre。
Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.1.A)Landaspacevehicleonthemoonin2019.B)Designanewgenerationofmobilephones.C)Setupamobilephonenetworkonthemoon.D)Gatherdatafromthemoonwithatinydevice.2.A)Itisstable.B)Itisdurable.C)Itisinexpensive.D)Itissophisticated.
Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.3.A)Itlastedmorethansixhours.B)Noinjurieswereyetreported.C)Nobodywasinthebuildingwhenitbrokeout.D)Ithadburnedfor45minutesbythetimefirefightersarrived.4.A)Recruitandtrainmorefirefighters.B)Pulldownthedesertedshoppingmall.C)Turntheshoppingmallintoanamusementpark.D)Findmoneytorenovatethelocalneighborhood.
Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.5.A)Shrinkingpotatofarming.B)Heavyrelianceonimport.C)Widespreadplantdisease.D)Insufficientpotatosupply.6.A)Itintendstokeepitstraditionaldiet.B)Itwantstoexpanditsownfarming.C)Itisafraidofthespreadofdisease.D)Itisworriedaboutunfaircompetition.7.A)Globalwarming.B)Ever-risingprices.C)Governmentregulation.D)Diminishinginvestment.
SectionBConversationDirections：Inthissection，youwillheartwolongconversations。Attheendofeachconversationsyouwillhearfourquestions。Boththeconversationsandthequestion-swillbespokenonlyonce。Afteryouhearaquestion。YoumustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA），B），C）andD）。ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.8.A)Informative.B)Inspiring.C)Dull.D)Shallow.9.A)Shetypesonakeyboard.B)Shedoesrecording.C)Shetakesphotos.D)Shetakesnotes.10.A)Itkeepshermindactive.B)Itmakesherstayawake.C)Itenableshertothinkhard.D)Ithelpsherkilltime.11.A)Itenableshertoimproveherpronunciation.B)Ithelpsherbetterrememberwhatshelearns.C)Itturnsouttobeanenjoyablewayoflearning.D)Itprovestobefarmoreeffectivethanwriting.
SectionCPassageDirections：Inthissection，youwillhearthreepassages。Attheendofeachpassage，youwillhearthreeorfourquestions。Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce。Afteryouhearaquestion，youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA），B），C）andD）。ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.A)Theyhelpspreadthelatesttechnology.B)Theygreatlyenrichpeople’sleisurelife.C)Theyprovideresidentswiththeresourcesneeded.D)Theyallowfreeaccesstodigitalbooksandvideos.17.A)Byhelpingthemfindjobs.B)Byinspiringtheircreativity.C)Bykeepingthemoffthestreets.D)Byprovidingaplaceofrelaxation.18.A)Theirinteractionwithteenagersprovedfruitful.B)Theyusedlibrarieslessoftenthanteenagers.C)Theytendedtovisitlibrariesregularly.D)Theirnumberincreasedmodestly.
Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19.A)Itisthecleverestcatintheworld.B)ItisthelargestcatinAfrica.C)Itisanunusualcrossbreed.D)Itisalarge-sizedwildcat.20.A)Theyareasloyalasdogs.B)Theyhaveunusuallylongtails.C)Theyarefondofsleepingincabinets.D)Theyknowhowtopleasetheirowners.21.A)Theyshaketheirfrontpaws.B)Theyteachthemtodive.C)Theyshowerwiththem.D)Theyshoutatthem.
Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22.A)Anxiousanddepressed.B)Contentedandrelieved.C)Excitedbutsomewhatsad.D)Proudbutabitnervous.23.A)Itisbecomingparentsbiggestconcern.B)Itisgainingincreasingpublicattention.C)Itdependsontheirparentsforsuccess.D)Itstartsthemomenttheyareborn.24.A)Setagoodexampleforthemtofollow.B)Readbooksandmagazinestothem.C)Helpthemtolearnbythemselves.D)Choosetherightschoolforthem.25.A)Theirintelligence.B)Theirhomelife.C)Theefforttheyputinlearning.D)Thequalityoftheirschool.
四级阅读
PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.
Millionsdieearlyfromairpollutioneachyear.Airpollutioncoststheglobaleconomymorethan$5trillionannuallyinwelfarecosts,withthemostserious___26___occurringinthedevelopingworld.
Thefiguresincludeanumberofcosts___27___withairpollution.Lostincomealoneamountsto$225billionayear.
Thereportincludesbothindoorandoutdoorairpollution.Indoorpollution,whichincludes___28___likehomeheatingandcooking,hasremained___29___overthepastseveraldecadesdespiteadvancesinthearea.Levelsofoutdoorpollutionhavegrownrapidlyalongwithrapidgrowthinindustryandtransportation.
DirectorofInstituteforHealthMetricsandEvaluationChrisMurray___30___itasan“urgentcalltoaction.”Oneoftheriskfactorsforprematuredeathsistheairwebreathe,overwhichindividualshavelittle___31___,hesaid.
Theeffectsofairpollutionareworstinthedevelopingworld,whereinsomeplaceslost-laborincome___32___nearly1%ofGDP.Around9in10peopleinlowandmiddle-incomecountriesliveinplaceswherethey___33___experiencedangerouslevelsofoutdoorairpollution.
Buttheproblemisnotlimited___34___tothedevelopingworld.ThousandsdieprematurelyintheU.S.asaresultofrelatedillnesses.InmanyEuropeancountries,wherediesel(柴油)___35___havebecomemorecommoninrecentyears,thatnumberreachestensofthousands.
A)abilityB)associateC)consciouslyD)constantE)controlF)damageG)describedH)equalsI)exclusivelyJ)innovatedK)regularlyL)relatesM)sourcesN)undermineO)vehicles
SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.EachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphsIdentifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.
Food-as-MedicineMovementIsWitnessingProgress
D)Nadeausayssugarandprocessedfoodsarebigcontributorstotherisingdiabetesratesamongchildren."InAmerica,over50percentofourfoodisprocessedfood,"Nadeautellsher."Andonly5percentofourfoodisplant-basedfood.Ithinkweshouldtrytoreversethat."Scottagreestotrymorefruitjuicesforthekidsandtomakerealmacaroniandcheese.Scoreonepointforthedoctor,zerofordiabetes.
J)Studieshaveexploredevidencethatdietarychangescanslowinflammation（炎症）,forexample,ormakethebodyinhospitabletocancercell.Ingeneral,manylifestylemedicinephysiciansrecommendaplant-baseddiet—particularlyforpeoplewithdiabetesorotherinflammatoryconditions.
K)"Aswhathappenedwithtobacco,thiswillrequireaculturalshift,butthatcanhappen,"saysNguyen."Inthesamewayphysiciansusedtosmoke,andthenstoppedsmokingandwereabletotalktopatientsaboutit,Ithinkphysicianscanhaveabiggervoiceinit."
SectionC
Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime，youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime，youarerequiredtofillintheblankswiththeexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Finally，whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime，youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.
PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Californiahasbeenfacingadroughtformanyyearsnow,withcertainareasevenhavingtopumpfreshwaterhundredsofmilestotheirdistributionsystem.Theproblemisgrowingasthepopulationofthestatecontinuestoexpand.Newresearchhasfounddeepwaterreservesunderthestatewhichcouldhelpsolvetheirdroughtcrisis.Previousdrillingofwellscouldonlyreachdepthsof1,000feet,butduetonewpumpingpractices,waterdeeperthanthiscannowbeextracted（抽取）.TheteamatStanfordinvestigatedtheaquifers（地下蓄水层）belowthisdepthandfoundthatreservesmaybetriplewhatwaspreviouslythought.
Itisprofitabletodrilltodepthsmorethan1,000feetforoilandgasextraction,butonlyrecentlyinCaliforniahasitbecomeprofitabletopumpwaterfromthisdepth.Theaquifersrangefrom1,000to3,000feetbelowtheground,whichmeansthatpumpingwillbeexpensiveandthereareotherconcerns.Thebiggestconcernofpumpingoutwaterfromthisdeepisthegradualsettingdownofthelandsurface.Asthewaterispumpedout,thevacantspaceleftiscompactedbytheweightoftheearthabove.
Eventhoughpumpingfromthesedepthsisexpensive,itisstillcheaperthandesalinating（脱盐）theoceanwaterinthelargelycoastalstate.Somedesalinationplantsexistwherefeasible,buttheyarecostlytorunandcanneedconstantrepairs.Wellsaremuchmorereliablesourcesoffreshwater,andCaliforniaishopingthatthesedeepwellsmaybetheanswertotheirseverewatershortage.
Oneproblemwiththesesourcesisthatthedeepwateralsohasahigherlevelofsaltthanshalloweraquifers.Thismeansthatsomewellsmayevenneedtoundergodesalinationafterextraction,thusincreasingthecost.Researchfromtheexhaustivestudyofgroundwaterfromover950drillinglogshasjustbeenpublished.Newestimatesofthewaterreservesnowgoupto2,700billioncubicmetersoffreshwater.
PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
TheAlphaGoprogramsvictoryisanexampleofhowsmartcomputershavebecome.
Butcanartificialintelligence(AI)machinesactethically,meaningcantheybehonestandfair
OneexampleofAIisdriverlesscars.TheyarealreadyonCaliforniaroads,soitisnottoosoontoaskwhetherwecanprogramamachinetoactethically.Asdriverlesscarsimprove,theywillsavelives.Theywillmakefewermistakesthanhumandriversdo.Sometimes,however,theywillfaceachoicebetweenlives.Shouldthecarsbeprogrammedtoavoidhittingachildrunningacrosstheroad,evenifthatwillputtheirpassengersatriskWhataboutmakingasuddenturntoavoidadogWhatiftheonlyriskisdamagetothecaritself,nottothepassengers
Perhapstherewillbelessonstolearnfromdriverlesscars,buttheyarenotsuper-intelligentbeings.Teachingethicstoamachineevenmoreintelligentthanwearewillbethebiggerchallenge.
EricSchmidtisoneofthebossesofGoogle,whichownsAlphaGo.HethinksAIwillbepositiveforhumans.Hesaidpeoplewillbethewinner,whatevertheoutcome.AdvancesinAIwillmakehumanbeingssmarter,moreableand"justbetterhumanbeings."
四级翻译
PartⅣTranslation(30minutes)
Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.
四级答案
2018年12月四级部分真题参考答案(完整版)
PartⅠWriting
TheChallengesofLivinginaBigCity
①Withthedevelopmentofeconomyandurbanization,thenumberofbigcitiesisconstantlyincreasinginChina.②Whilebigcitiesareattractingmoreandmorepeople,theyalsobringmanychallenges,suchastrafficjamandpollution,justtonameafew.
⑥Asaresult,althoughIamfrequentlyaskedwhetherIliketoliveinabigcityornot,myanswerisalways:"no,definitelynot."Whataboutyou
PartⅡListeningComprehension
1.C2.A3.B4.B5.D6.C7.A8.C9.D10.A11.B12.A13.A14.D15.B16.C17.B18.D19.C20.A21.C22.C23.D24.A25.B
PartIIIReadingComprehension
26-35：FBMDGEHKIO36-45：DBGAIFCJRG46-55：BBADCDCBAC
PartIVTranslation
Becauseoftherapiddevelopmentofcommunicationnetwork,thenumberofsmartphoneusersinChinahasincreasedatanastonishingrateinrecentyears,whichhassignificantlychangedthewaymanypeopleread.Nowadaystheyoftenreadnewsandarticlesonsmartphonesinsteadofbuyingtraditionalnewspapersandperiodicals.Thedevelopmentofnumerousmobileappshasenabledpeopletoreadnovelsandotherformsofliteraryworksontheirmobilephones.Therefore,thesalesofpaperbookshavebeenaffected.Butsurveysshowthatthoughsmartphonereadingmarkethasgrownsteadily,overhalfofadultsstillenjoyreadingpaperbooks.