TheExhibitionofInscribedBambooTabletsofWuKingdomoftheThreeKingdomsatChangshaLadiesandgentlemen,
WelcometoChangshamuseum.We’llbeheretovisit“TheExhibitionofInscribedBambooTabletsofWuKingdomoftheThreeKingdomsatChangshaandTheYearsofUnearthedMostValuableCulturalRelics”.Ihopemyexplanationcansatisfyyou!
Now,weareinthefirstexhibitionhall.Here,itadoptspanoramictechnique,andrestoresthesiteofunearthingBambooTabletsofWuKingdom.In1996,duringJulytoNovember,inthesoutheastofWuYisquare,teamupwithPingHeTangDepartment.TheexhumationswerecarriedonbyChangsharelicsworkteams.Theyunearth61archaicwellsduringtheWarringStatesperiodandtheMingandQingDynasty,andfoundout3000kindsofrelics,likecopper,ironbamboo,wood,ceramics,andsoon.Topeople’sastonishment,intheNo.22archaicwell,theyfoundlotsofbambootabletsandwoodenslips.Afterconfirming,theyaretherelicsofSunWuinThreekingdoms1700yearsago.Thesepatchesofrelicswouldreplenishthelackedhistoricalmaterialsofthreekingdomsexactly.Ourcountryoncehadfourdiscoveries:TheoracleboneinscriptionofYin,bambootabletsandwoodenslipsofTunxuinnorthwestChina,CulturalbooksofDunhuangstoneroom,FilesofQingcabinet.BambooTabletsofWuKingdomoftheThreeKingdomsatChangshacanbementionedinthesamebreathwiththefourdiscoveries,andbecomethesearchingsubjectofinternationalacademia.
AnalyzingthestructureandrelicsofthewellNO.22,itisanancientwellforstoringfood.TheclimateofChangshaissohot,wetandrainythatthefoodiseasytoberot,butthecircumstanceunderthegroundof10mdepthisjustlikeasamodernrefrigerator.ThearchaeologicaldiscoveriesapprovedthatpeoplehadusedthisstoringmethodfromthetimeofShangdynasty.
Youmayaskthat,whywerethebambootabletsofWuKingdomburiedinthewellTherearetwostatements.ThefirstoneconsideredthatintheperiodofThreeKingdoms,thereweresomanywars,thesuddenlyburst-outwarmadepeopleburythemhereinahurry.Theotherconsideredthattoburytheminthewellmaybeawayofdealingwiththerecordsinthepast.
Nowpleaselookatthephoto.ThisisthephotoofunearthingtheNo.22well.Wecanseethatthebambootabletsandwoodenslipsweresoakedinthemud.Whycantheybekeptintactforover1700yearsOneoftheimportantreasonsisthatthegroundwaterlevelinChangshawasveryhigh,andthebambootabletsandwoodenslipsweresoakedinthewater.Besides,theywereburieddeeply;theycanbesealedupwall.Withthese,theycanbekeptintactforover1700years.
Toseeanothersetofphotos.ThisisahairpencilunearthedfromoneofthetombsoftheWarringStateatZuojiagongMountainofChangshain1954.Itsshaftislongandsmallbuteasytobebroken.Onthesideofitthereisabamboopipeusedforcontainingthepenwhenitiscollectedandpreserved.Thisisaninkstonewithlittleinkblocksnearit.Herealsoremainsabronzechoppingknifewhichisusedforthecalligraphertomakeinscribedbambooandwoodenslipsandcorrectwritingmistakes.ThisisasetofphotosofcalligraphytoolsdiscoveredinNo.168TombinJinancityofformercapitalofChuState.Inadditiontothis,thereare6piecesofwoodenslipswithoutcharacter.ThisisalsothemostcompleteandmosttypicalsetofHanDynasty’sstationeryeverseenuptonow.Unitingourancientpeoplecalculatesthenumberoftheinscribedbambootabletsandwoodenslipsarenot“slice”,but“jin”.Itisrecordedinhistorythatthe1stemperorofQinDynastydidnothavearestuntilhefinishedreadingover120jinofmemorialtothroneandinscribedbambooandwoodenslips.
Pleasenoticethefollowingbrieftabletaboutinformationoftheinscribedbambooandwoodenslipsunearthedfromallpartsofthenationfromthiscentury.Amongthis,thecolumninredcharacteristhenumberoftheinscribedbambooandwoodenslipsexcavatedfromChangshathistime.Thenumberthistimehasexceededthetotalamountofthatunearthedfromallpartsofthenationtheseyears.Therefore,itisnamedas“thesurprisingwonderoftheworld”and“oneofthemostimportantarchaeologicaldiscoveriesofthiscentury.”
Well,letushavealookatthismap.Thoughtheseriesarchaeologicalexcavationaroundthe“Wuyisquare”byourarchaeologicalworkers,wehavepreliminarilydefinedtheregionoftheancientChangsha.Itextendsnorthwardto“LaoZhaobi”,southwardto“PoziStreet”,eastwardto“Cai’eRoad”andwestwardto“ShangheStreet”whichshapedrectangle.AndthecenterofChangshaistoday’s“WuyiSquare,which,wecansay,hasn’tchangedbasicallynearly3000years.
Theunearthedinscribedbambooslipsandwoodentabletsforthistime,ifaccordingtotheirshape,theycanbedistributedtobigandsmallinscribedbambooslips,woodentabletsandsoon;ifaccordingtotheiruse,theycanbedistributedtofivekinds:
Thefirstkindisdocument.Itcanbesubdividedintotwoparts.Oneisthelandrentdocumentwith0.5mlong,2.5cmwideand100to200Chinesecharacterson.Theotheristheofficialdocumentwhichrecordedthedistributionandexchangingofmoney,crops,andgoodsamongdifferentgovernmentalsetups.Pleaselookatthissmallerslice.Itisaclassifiedlabel.ItshowsusamonthlyreportrecordedbytwoofficialsnamedHuangWeiandPanlvinthefirstyearofJiaHeperiod.
Thefourthoneiscallingcard.Itmainlyreferredtopayingrespect,givinggiftandadministrativeaffairs,asvisitingcardsweusetoday.
ThelastkindisthewoodentabletonaccountwhichrecordedthemanagingaccountofdepartmentsbelongstoChangshagovernment.
Pleaselookatthesehistoricalrelicsagain.ThisblueandgreenporcelainintheThreeKingdomsandTowJinDynastieswerediscoveredinZouMalouancientwell.Look,theirglazedcolorsissparkingandcrystal-clear,thedecoratearesimpleandelement.Thesecondamongthemiscalled"Chichen-HeadPotting",thepottingiscoronalform,guidestheneckandproceededhigh,andthemodelingofitisverybeautiful.ThesepottingwereverypopularinJinDynasty.Theywereusedaspitcherandchalice.
Everybodyhasseenmanyphotos,haslistenedtosomuchexplanation,nowwecometoseetheoriginalofthebambooslips,woodentabletsorslipsforwriting.
Thesekindsofinscribedwoodenslipsandinscribedwoodentabletsaremadeinshirtwoods.Thequalityofthesetreesispre-pressing.Itisintacttokeep.Therawmaterialsofinscribedbambooslipsisbamboowhosequalityisloose,aptandcrookedandoutofshape,soitindisplayingandneedpresswhenexhibiting.Theancientshaveseveralprocedurestomakethebambooslips.First,theycutthebamboointobambooslips,andthenburnishedtheminordertomakethemsmooth,thesesmoothslipscalled“Jian”.Butpeoplecouldnotwriteonthewetbambooslips.Then,theyroasteddrythewetbambooslips.Whileroasting,therewassomewatersteamingout.Thewaterlookedlikesweet,sopeoplecalledthose“SweetQing”or“ShaQing”.
The“GuoLingDingYang”ofWenTianxiangsaidthat“Sinceancienttimes,whohasnodeathRemainingsincerehearttofinish‘SweetQing’.
BambooTabletsofWuKingdomoftheThreeKingdomsatChangshahasverystronghistoricalvalue,articlevalueandscientificvalue,sotheprovincialleaders,cityleadersandrelatedexpertsdecidedtosetupanexhibitionofbambootabletsandwoodenslips.