1、TheForbiddenCityTheForbiddenCityhadwitnessedthereignsof24emperorsforaslongasfivecenturiesinthehistoryofChina.13Startedin1406andcompleted14yearslater,theForbiddenCitycoversanareaofmorethan720,000squaremetersandiscalled“theseaofhalls”asacomplexofm
2、orethan8,000hallsandrooms.ThelargeandgrandForbiddenCity,afeudal(封建的/fjudl/)imperial(帝国的,皇帝的)palacewithrigorous(严密的)layout,longesthistory,largestconstructionarea,andbestpreservationamongitskindsoforexistentintheworld,isregardedasoneofthetopfivepalaces.故宫,
3、一座昔日的皇城,先后有24位皇帝在此统治中国长达5个世纪之久。故宫始建于1406年,历时14年才完工,面积达72万多平方米,有殿宇宫室8000多间,被誉为“殿宇之海”。故宫规模宏大,气势磅礴,布局严谨,是世界是上现存的皇宫中历史最悠久,建筑面积最大,保存最完整的一座封建皇宫,它是“世界五大宫”之一。thehistoryoftheforbiddencityEarlyconstructionintheMingDynastyIn1406,ZhuDi,EmperorYongleintheMingDynasty,decidedtomovethecapita
4、ltoBeijing.Inthenextyear,hebegantomakepreparationsforbuildingpalaces,altarsandtemples,andwalls.ManyministersweredispatchedtotheSouthtoprocuretimber(树,木材)andmakebricksandtiles(瓦).1406年,明朝永乐皇帝朱棣决定迁都北京,第二年便开始做营建宫殿,坛庙及城墙的各种准备工作,并派遣大臣到南方各省采办木材,烧造砖瓦。In1417,theForbidden
5、Citystartedconstruction;atthattime,itwascalledPurpleForbiddenCity.WhyitwascalledbythisnameduringtheMingandQingDynastyAccordingtotheancientChinesehistory,ZiweiEnclosureinthecenteroftheheavenwastheabodeofCelestialemperor,thustheabodewasnamedZigong,
6、orpurplepalace.Jin,orForbidden,referredtothefactthatno-onecouldenterorleavethepalacewithouttheemperorspermission.HencethenameZijincheng,ortheForbiddenCity.1417年,故宫开始营建,当时称紫禁城。为什么故宫在明清时期称为紫禁城呢?依照中国古代的星相学说,紫薇垣位于天空的正中央,是天帝的居所,因此把天帝所居的天宫称之为紫宫。同时,皇宫乃皇家重地,闲杂人等不得进入,是禁地,因此名字当中有一
7、个禁字。Attheendof1420,themajorstructureoftheForbiddenCitywascompleted.Onthefirstdayinthefirstlunarmonthinthe1421,ZhuDiwasworshipedintheHallofFengtianDianbyhisministersandenvoysfromforweigncountries.Uptothen,BeijinghadreplacedNanjingasthecapitalofChin
8、a.In1441,EmperorZhengtongZhuQizhenrebuilttheThreeHallsoftheOutorCourtandthePalaceofQianqinggongandKunninggong.HemadeanimperialedicttoreconfirmthatBeijingwasthecapitalcityofMingDynasty.1421年正月初一,朱棣在故宫的奉天殿接受朝贺,大宴文武群臣和各国贡使。至此,中国的首都由南京迁到了北京。1441年,正统皇帝朱祁镇重建外朝三大殿和乾清宫,坤宁宫
9、,并昭告天下,重申迁都北京。从此,北京才正式成为大名都城,而故宫也由此成为一代皇宫。ExpandedInTheQingDynastyIn1644,theQingforcesenteredBeijingandEmperorShunzhimadehisedicttoestablishthecapitalinBeijing,whichmarkedthebirthoftheQingDynasty.OnthebasisoftheMingimperialpalace,theQingDynastyspent14yearsinrestoringthedestroyedarchitecturalcomplex,rebuildingandexpandingitintothemagnificentimperialpalacewithlargescale.1644年,清军进入北京,顺治皇帝召告天下,定都北京,清朝随之建立。清朝定都北京后,在继承明代故宫规模和布局的基础上,历时14年将焚毁的建筑基本修复,又进行了重建额扩建,营建了规模空前,富丽堂皇的宫