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LadiesanGentlemen:
Iamverypleasedtoserveasyourguide.Firstofall,IwouldliketosayafewwordsaboutTian’anmenandTian’anmensqareoftheMing&QingDynasties.
Tian’anmenwasfirstnamedChengtianmen(GateofHeavenlySuccession)whenitwascompletedin1420asthemaingateoftheformerImperialCity.IntheearlyMingDynasty,itwasafive–roomwidewoodenstructurewithfiveentrances.Thebuildingwasdouble-eavegableroofstyle.Itwasburneddownbylightningin1457,andrebuiltin1465,butdestroyedatendofMingdynastyin1644.Itreceiveditspresentnamein1651ofQingDynasty.
TheTian’anmenRostrumcoversanareaof4800squaremeters,consistsoftwosections:terraceandtower.Thewholebuildingwas33.7metersinheightbeforeitwasrenovatedin1970.Itwasanine-room-wideandfive-room–longgatetowertoreflectthehighly-exaltedstatusoftheemperor.Theroofwascoveredwithyellowglazedtiles.Insidetherewere60redcolumns,thefloorwaspavedwithgoldenbricks.madeinsuzhouandJiangningareas.
NumberninecouldbeseeneverywhereinTian’anmengatetower.Forinstance,thetowerwasnine-roomwide,nineanimalfiguresontheeavecorner,thirty-sixwindowsanddoors.thatwasfourtimesofnine,andoneachsurfaceofthedoortherewereenghty-oneknobs,ninetimesnine,thatwasthemetaphorofheaven.
InMingandQingDynasties,therewouldbegrandceremoniesontherostrumduringimportantoccasions,suchasEmperor’senthronement,orwhentheemperorscomferredhonorabletitlesupontheirempressesandcrownprinces,anddispatchinggeneralsandsoldierstothebattlefields.Imperialedictsweresentdowninagildedboxshapedlikeaphoenixtoofficialskneelingbelow.TheedictwasthentakentotheBoardofRites,wherecopiesweremadefordispatchtothewholecountry.Theemperorwouldgothroughthegatewhthhisfollowerswhenhewasleavingonajourneyorabattle,goingtotheTempleofHeaven,TempleofEarthandAltarofAgriculturetoworship.
InfrontofTian’anmen,therearesevenbeautifulwhitemarblebridgescalledOuterGoldednWaterBridges.TheyarerespectivelyBrigdeofImperialWay.RoyalBridges,RankingBridgesandPublicBridges.Tian’anmenGateisguardedbypairsofstonelions,theyservedasdoorkeepers,symbolizingimperialpowerandprosperity.AtthefrontandbackofTian’anmen,therearefoursculptedwhitemarblecolumnscalled“huabiao”whichusedforornamentalpurposesandtowardoffevilspirits.
TheGateofGreatMingwascalledGateofGreatQingintheQingdynastyandin1912thenamewaschangedtoZhonghuaGate.ItwasabrickandstonestructurewithSingle-eavegable-roofstyle.Therewerethreeentrancesandapairofstonelionsinfrontofthegate.flankingbytwostonetabletsinscribedwiththewords“dismountinghorse’.WhenitwasbuiltintheyearsofMingemperorYongle,thecoupletsonthegatewerewrittenbygrandacademicianXieJin.ThegatewasintactintheQingandwaspulleddownin1958whenthesquarewasexpandedIn1976ChairmanMaoMemorialHallwasbuiltonthesight.
TheSouthFacingGate(ZhengyangmenGate)waslocatedatsouthofDamingmenGatebuiltin1420(18thyearofMingEmperorYongle).Thenameofthegateimpliedthattheemperorwasthesunandinthemiddleofthesky:theEmpirewasheldinhighesteembyallcountries.
InMing&Qingdynasties,SouthFacingGateincludedgatetower,arrowtower,jarcity.
GuandiTemple,GuanyinTempleinthejarcity,SouthFacingbridgeandfive-archway(Wupailou).TheymadeupacomplexofmagnificentarchitecturesatcentralsouthofBeijinginnercity.TheFrontGate(QianmenGate)itselfandarrowtowerwerethemostsplendorandtallestamongthegatesandarrowtowersoftheinnercity.TheGatetowerwas40.36metershigh.Therewere94battlementsatthearrowtower.In1900(26thyearofQingEmperorGuangxu),thegatewasdestroyedbythegunfireoftheEightAlliedarmy.In1901(27thyearofQingEmperorGuangxu),itwasrenovated.Thearrowtowerwasreconstructedin1906(32ndyearofQingEmperorGuangxu)
TherewasasmallsquarehundredstepsindiameterbetweenSouthFacingGateandGateofGreatMing.Thepassageplacedwithstonerailingsincrossshapewascalled‘Chess-boardStreet’.ThestreetconnectedSouthFacingGateatthesouth.GateofGreatMingatthenorth.Dongjiangmixiang(nowDongjiaominxianglane)attheeast.Xijiangmixiang(Xijiaominxianglane)atthewest.IntheMing&Qingcommonfolkswerenotallowedtogothroughtheimperialcity.sothechessboardstreetbecameanimportantroadforinterflowofthecitizensofeasternandwesterndistricts.
Well,thatisallformytopic.Thankyouforyourattention.I’mlookingforwardtoyournextvisit.Goodluckandseeyou!