尽管燃油价格飙升,但居家办公并不会自动导致成本的大幅下降。
午餐成本增加、燃油价格飙升,还有新工作服采购,难怪众多美国员工纷纷拒绝返回办公室工作。
Kastle的“复工晴雨表”(BacktoWorkBarometer)报告在考察了美国10个主要城市的办公室使用率后发现,尽管众多公司已经设定了4月返回办公室工作的截止日期,然而在过去一个月中,美国办公室使用率依然稳定在43%左右的水平。很多雇员反对回归办公室的原因并非是不断增长的新冠病例,而是通勤成本过高。事实上,德勤(Deloitte)最近的报告显示,近40%的千禧一代和三分之一的Z世代称,远程办公有助于省钱。
然而,居家办公对于大多数员工来说真的是一个革命性的省钱方式吗?
尽管居家办公可以免去通勤之苦,但这种方式并非是免费的,尤其是考虑到能源成本的不断上升。美国劳工统计局(BureauofLaborStatistics)的消费者价格指数显示,4月,仅电费的同比增幅就达到了11%。
美国账单支付服务公司Doxo向《财富》杂志提供的数据显示,在2022年前4个月,美国民众的月均电费和油费较2019年同期增长了23美元。美国民众今年的月均电费和天然气费用分别达到了约156美元和150美元。使用取暖油和丙烷的费用更高,其2022年月均费用达到了302美元。
管理局预测,今年夏天,也就是2022年6月-8月,居民用户月均用电量将达到约1050度,较2021年夏季降低约2.9%,部分原因在于更加温和的温度预测,以及美国居家办公民众数量的减少。
居家办公成本可能还得考虑互联网成本。Doxo的数据显示,美国民众2022年年初至今每月在其互联网和有线电视上面的平均花费约为120美元,与疫情前的水平相当。这一点可能会发生变化,因为一些员工倾向于在疫情期间升级其网络带宽,继而持续推高这一方面的月支出。
通勤成本也在增加
尽管美国民众在电费方面的开支有所增加,但不可否认的是,燃油价格的飙升甚至蚕食了更多的美国民众预算。《财富》杂志计算后发现,按照美国汽车协会(AAA)给出的平均油价,平均通勤距离,以及车辆典型燃油效率,5月份,每周工作5天通勤所需的油费约为140美元,而2019年5月的通勤燃油成本约为90美元。
就通勤而言,选择公共交通更划算。ValuePenguin对美国的70个公交系统的分析显示,公交月票平均成本约为67美元。然而,不同系统之间的价格差异很大。在纽约,地铁无限制月票费用为127美元。从2022年6月26日开始,巴尔的摩公共交通无限制月票费用为77美元。
无论是居家办公还是返回办公室办公,如今都不便宜
最终,无论是计算通勤成本还是计算居家工作成本,对于美国民众而言,这两方面的花费普遍都有所上涨,而且都可能无助于大幅节省费用。
有鉴于众多公司如今暂停发放居家工作补贴——目的是帮助支付部分能源、无线网络以及家中办公室的布置费用——这一点确实是如此。WTW在2020年6月和7月调查的约10%的雇主向员工提供了某种形式的补贴,以帮助他们管理远程工作的成本。
到2021年2月,雇主理事会(EmployerCouncil)发现,仅3%的受调雇主针对居家办公设备为其员工提供了一次性的补贴或补偿。每月平均补贴约为66美元。
通勤和居家办公费用存在很大的差异,完全取决于美国民众的生活地域,以及他们在家或前往办公室时所采取的省钱策略。
不过,也有办法来降低回归办公室的成本。如果与其他人拼车的话,那么往返平均41英里的月通勤成本便会从当前的150美元降至75美元。搭乘公交、火车或地铁,或骑自行车或摩托车上班可能会节省部分费用,使用GasBuddy这样的应用来搜索最低的燃油价格也能起到类似的效果。
另一方面,住宅的大小和位置也会对居家办公的成本产生影响。智能住宅能耗控制公司Sense称,疫情前,4000平方英尺(约371.6平方米)住宅的制冷费用要比2500平方英尺(约232.3平方米)住宅高出71%,也就是平均高出约114美元。
Sense公司还发现,居住在德州、佛罗里达州以及亚利桑那州的美国民众在夏季房屋制冷方面的花费是缅因州、蒙大拿州等北部州居民的两倍。而随着能源和电力成本上涨,上述倍数将进一步扩大。
尽管众多美国民众难以通过举家搬迁来降低其能源成本,但我们也有办法来降低某些费用,尤其是住宅制冷成本。略微调高夏季住宅的温度有助于降低制冷成本,每升高一度便会削减1%的制冷支出。投资智能恒温器也有助于降低制冷费用(一些设施提供商甚至提供费用返还方案)。
使用电扇,拉上窗户的遮光帘也有助于降低屋内的温度,并让你使用更少的能源来制冷。此外,关闭不必要光源和设备这类常识性原理实际上也是有效的。
最后,对于那些希望节省费用的人来说,在居家办公和办公室通勤之间做出选择往往并非易事。通过对居家办公的布置进行小幅调整,并谨慎思考日常通勤状况,美国民众便可以主动应对不断增长的成本,甚至在某些情况下降低这些成本。(财富中文网)
译者:冯丰
审校:夏林
Lunch-flation.Soaringgasprices.Updatingyourworkwardrobe.It’snowondermanyU.S.workersareresistingemployerdemandstoheadbacktotheofficefull-time.
DespitemanycompaniessettingAprilreturn-to-officedeadlines,forthepastmonth,U.S.officeoccupancyhasheldsteadyatroughly43%,accordingtoKastle’sBacktoWorkBarometerthattakesintoaccountratesin10majorcities.ManyemployeesarepushingbackagainstheadingintotheofficenotbecauseofrisingCOVIDcaseloads,butarguingthattheircommutesaretooexpensive.Infact,arecentreportfromDeloittefoundnearly40%ofmillennialsandathirdofGenZersreportthatremoteworkhashelpedthemsavemoney.
Butisworkingfromhomereallyasavingsgame-changerformostworkers
Whileworkingfromhomemeansskippingthecommute,it’snotfree—especiallywhenyoutakeintoaccountrisingenergycosts.ElectricitycostsinAprilalonewereup11%yearoveryear,accordingtotheBureauofLaborStatistics’ConsumerPriceIndex.
ThatincreasemightnotbeabigdealwhenyouspendeightormorehoursadayattheofficesoakingupthatcorporateA/C.Butwhenworkersareathome,thecostisonthem—andthatexpensecouldbesignificantdependingonfactorslikethesizeofthehome,typeofA/Csystem,andvarioushomemaintenancevariableslikewindowefficiency.Nottomentiontheadditionalcoststopoweryourcomputer,keepyourworkphonecharged,andmaybeevenrunaprinteronceadayorso.
Duringthefirstfourmonthsof2022,Americansspentanaverageof$23moreonmonthlyelectricityandgasbillsthantheydidduringthesameperiodin2019,accordingtodataprovidedtoFortunefrombillpayserviceDoxo.Onaverage,Americanshavespentabout$156amonthforelectricityand$150amonthfornaturalgassofarthisyear.Thosewhouseheatingoilandpropanehadevenhigherbills,averaging$302amonthfortheirheatingexpensesin2022.
Thosehighercostsweren’tevenrackedupduringthehottestmonthsoftheyearformostofthecountry.TheU.S.EnergyInformationAdministrationreportedthatduringthesummerof2020whenmanyAmericanswereunderlockdownordersandworkingremotely,residentialelectricityconsumptionwas7.9%higherthaninthesummermonthsof2019.Thatwasthefastestyear-over-yearsummerenergygrowthsince2010.
Thissummer,theadministrationpredictsthatresidentialcustomerswillaverageabout1,050kilowatthours(kWh)ofelectricityusepermonthbetweenJuneandAugust2022.That’sabout2.9%lessthanthesummerof2021,dueinparttomildertemperatureforecasts,aswellasfewerAmericansworkingfromhome.
InternetcostscanalsobefactoredintoWFHexpenses.Onaverage,Americansspentabout$120amonthontheirInternetandcablebillsin2022sofar,accordingtoDoxo’sdata,aboutonparwithwhatU.S.householdsspentpre-pandemic.Thatcanvaryassomeworkersoptedtoupgradetheirinternetconnectionduringthepandemic—makingthatmonthlycostcontinuallyhighertoo.
Costofcommutingisincreasingtoo
WhileAmericansmightbespendingmoreforelectricity,there’snodenyingthatsoaringpricesatthegaspumparetakinganevenbiggerbiteoutofAmericans’budgets.Fortunecalculatedtheaveragecostforgasforafive-dayworkcommutewasroughly$140inMay,basedonaveragegaspricesfromAAA,averagecommutemileage,andtypicalfuelefficiencyforacar.That’scomparedtotheroughly$90amonththatdriversspentongasfortheircommuteinMay2019.
That,ofcourse,doesn’ttakeintoaccounttherelatedcostsofcarownership,includingmaintenanceandinsurance,whichcanincreaseifacarisdrivenmorefrequently.BasedonAAAguidance,UCSantaBarbaraestimatesthattheseexpensescanadduptonearly$500amonth.Tollsandparkingfeescanalsoincreasecommutingcosts,butthoseexpensesvaryconsiderably.
Publictransitisaslightlymorecost-effectivecommute.Theaveragecostofamonthlytransitpassisabout$67,accordingtoaValuePenguinanalysisof70transitsystemsacrosstheU.S.However,thosepricesrangewidely.InNewYorkCityamonthlyunlimitedMetrocardis$127.AmonthlyunlimitedpassforpublictransitinBaltimorewillbe$77startingJune26,2022.
WFHorRTO,nothingischeapthesedays
Ultimately,whenyoulookatthecostofcommutingversusthecostofworkingfromhome,Americansarepayingmoreingeneral,andneitheroptionwilllikelyhelpthemsavesignificantly.
That’sespeciallytruegiventhatmanycompaniesarenowlettingwork-from-homestipends—whichhelpedcoversomeofthoseenergy,Wi-Fi,andhome-officesetupexpenses—lapse.About10%ofemployerssurveyedbyWTWinJuneandJulyof2020providedsometypeofsubsidytoworkerstohelpthemmanagecostsofworkingremotely.
ByFebruary2021,theEmployerCouncilfound,only3%ofemployerssurveyedwereofferingtheiremployeesalumpsumstipendorreimbursementonhome-officeequipment.Theaveragestipendwasabout$66permonth.
BothcommutingandWFHexpensesvarywidelyanddependentirelyonwhereAmericansliveandthestrategiestheyutilizetosavemoneyathomeorontheirwayintotheoffice.
GoogleMapscontractemployees,forexample,recentlypushedbackagainstdemandsthattheyreturntoworkfull-time.OneemployeetoldtheNewYorkTimesthathe’dbeforcedintoadaily100-mile,four-hourcommute.WiththeaveragegaspriceinWashingtonhitting$5.27agallononThursday,thecommutecostsforfuelalonewouldlikelycostover$400amonth.
Yettherearewaystoreducethecostofreturningtotheoffice.Aworkerwhocarpoolswithjustoneotherpersonfortheaverage41-mileround-tripcommutecancutthecurrentmonthlyaveragefuelcostfrom$150to$75.Takingthebus,train,orsubwayorridingabikeorscootertoworkmightalsoyieldsomesavings,asdoessearchingoutthebestgaspricesusingappslikeGasBuddy.
Ontheflipside,thesizeandlocationofahomeplayintohowmuchmoreyoucouldspendtoworkfromhome.Pre-pandemic,coolinga4,000-square-foothomecost71%more,orabout$114onaverage,thana2,500-square-footspace,accordingtosmart-homeenergy-monitoringcompanySense.
Additionally,SensefoundAmericanslivinginstateslikeTexas,Florida,andArizonapaytwiceasmuchtostaycoolinthesummerasthoselivinginnorthernstateslikeMaineandMontana.That’sonlyexacerbatedasenergyandelectricitycostsrise.
WhilemanyAmericanscan’tsimplypickupandmovetoreducetheirenergycosts,therearewaystoreduceexpenses,particularlyaroundcoolingahome.Keepingahomeslightlywarmerinsummercanhelpbringdowncoolingcosts—eachdegreeyouincreasethetemperaturecouldtrim1%offyourcoolingbill.Investinginasmartthermostatcanalsohelp(andsomeutilityprovidersevenofferrebateprograms).
Usingafanandkeepingthewindowshadesdrawncanalsohelpreducethetemperatureinsideyourhomeandallowyoutouselessenergytocoolit.Moreover,thosecommon-senserulesaboutturningoffunnecessarylightsanddevicesdoactuallywork.
Attheendoftheday,forthoselookingtosavemoney,it’stypicallynotasimpletradeoffbetweensimplyworkingfromhomeorcommutingintotheoffice.ButbymakingsmallchangestoWFHsetupsandthinkingcriticallyaboutdailycommutechoices,Americanscanstayontopofrisingcosts—andinsomecasesevenreducethem.