2017年考研(一月联考)英语(一)真题及参考答案
SectionIUseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)
CouldahugadaykeepthedoctorawayTheanswermaybearesounding"yes!"1helpingyoufeelcloseand2topeopleyoucareabout,itturnsoutthathugscanbringa3ofhealthbenefitstoyourbodyandmind.Believeitornot,awarmembracemightevenhelpyou4gettingsickthiswinter.
Someexperts17thestress-reducing,health-relatedbenefitsofhuggingtothereleaseofoxytocin,oftencalled"thebondinghormone"18itpromotesattachmentinrelationships,includingthatbetweenmotherandtheirnewbornbabies.Oxytocinismadeprimarilyinthecentrallowerpartofthebrain,andsomeofitisreleasedintothebloodstream.Butsomeofit19inthebrain,whereit20mood,behaviorandphysiology.
1.[A]Unlike[B]Besides[C]Despite[D]Throughout
【答案】[B]Besides
2.[A]connected[B]restricted[C]equal[D]inferior
【答案】[A]connected
3.[A]choice[B]view[C]lesson[D]host
【答案】[D]host
4.[A]recall[B]forget[C]avoid[D]keep
【答案】[C]avoid
5.[A]collecting[B]involving[C]guiding[D]affecting
【答案】[B]involving
6.[A]of[B]in[C]at[D]on
【答案】[D]on
7.[A]devoted[B]exposed[C]lost[D]attracted
【答案】[B]exposed
8.[A]across[B]along[C]down[D]out
【答案】[C]down
9.[A]calculated[B]denied[C]doubted[D]imagined
【答案】[A]calculated
10.[A]served[B]required[C]restored[D]explained
【答案】[D]explained
11.[A]Even[B]Still[C]Rather[D]Thus
【答案】[A]Even
12.[A]defeats[B]symptoms[C]tests[D]errors
【答案】[B]symptoms
13.[A]minimized[B]highlighted[C]controlled[D]increased
【答案】[D]increased
14.[A]equipped[B]associated[C]presented[D]compared
【答案】[B]associated
15.[A]assess[B]moderate[C]generate[D]record
【答案】[C]generate
16.[A]inthefaceof[B]intheformof[C]inthewayof[D]inthenameof
【答案】[A]inthefaceof
17.[A]transfer[B]commit[C]attribute[D]return
【答案】[C]attribute
18.[A]because[B]unless[C]though[D]until
【答案】[A]because
19.[A]emerges[B]vanishes[C]remains[D]decreases
【答案】[C]remains
20.[A]experiences[B]combines[C]justifies[D]influences
【答案】[D]influences
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartA
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)
Text1
Firsttwohours,nowthreehours-thisishowfarinadvanceauthoritiesarerecommendingpeopleshowuptocatchadomesticflight,atleastatsomemajorU.S.airportswithincreasinglymassivesecuritylines.
Partoftheissueisthatthegovernmentdidnotanticipatethesteepincreaseinairlinetravel,sotheTSAisnowrushingtogetnewscreenersontheline.Partoftheissueisthatairportshaveonlysomuchroomforscreeninglanes.Anotherfactormaybethatmorepeoplearetryingtooverpacktheircarry-onbagstoavoidchecked-baggagefees,thoughtheairlinesstronglydisputethis.
ThereisonesteptheTSAcouldtakethatwouldnotrequireremodelingairportsorrushingtohire:EnrollmorepeopleinthePreCheckprogram.PreCheckissupposedtobeawin-winfortravelersandtheTSA.Passengerswhopassabackgroundcheckareeligibletouseexpeditedscreeninglanes.ThisallowstheTSAwantstoenroll25millionpeopleinPreCheck.
TheTSAcannotcontinuedivertingresourcesintounderusedPreChecklaneswhilemostofthetravelingpublicsuffersinunnecessarylines.Itislongpasttimetomaketheprogramwork.
21.thecrashofEgyptAirFlight804ismentionedto
[A]stresstheurgencytostrengthensecurityworldwide.
[B]highlightthenecessityofupgradingmajorUSairports.
[D]emphasistheimportanceofprivacyprotection.
22.whichofthefollowingcontributionstolongwaitsatmajorairport
[A]Newrestrictionsoncarry-onbags.
[B]ThedecliningefficiencyoftheTSA.
[C]Anincreaseinthenumberoftravelers.
[D]Frequentunexpectedsecretchecks.
【答案】[C]Anincreaseinthenumberoftravelers.
23.Theword"expedited"(Line4,Para.5)isclosestinmeaningto
[A]faster.
[B]quieter.
[C]wider.
[D]cheaper.
【答案】[A]faster.
24.OneproblemwiththePreCheckprogramis
[A]Adramaticreductionofitsscale.
[B]Itswrongly-directedimplementation.
[D]Anunreasonablepriceforenrollment.
【答案】[D]Anunreasonablepriceforenrollment.
25.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext
[A]LessScreeningforMoreSafety
[B]PreCheck-aBelatedSolution
[C]GettingStuckinSecurityLines
[D]UnderusedPreCheckLanes
【答案】[B]PreCheck-aBelatedSolution
Text2
OppositiontotelescopesonMaunaKeaisnothingnew.AsmallbutvocalgroupofHawaiiansandenvironmentshavelongviewedtheirpresenceasdisrespectforsacredlandandapainfulreminderoftheoccupationofwhatwasonceasovereignnation.
[A]itsconservativeviewonthehistoricalroleofastronomy.
[B]theimportanceofastronomyinancientHawaiiansociety.
[C]theregrettabledeclineofastronomyinancienttimes.
【答案】[B]theimportanceofastronomyinancientHawaiiansociety.
27.MaunaKeaisdeemedasanidealastronomicalsitedueto
[A]itsgeographicalfeatures
[B]itsprotectivesurroundings.
[C]itsreligiousimplications.
[D]itsexistinginfrastructure.
【答案】[A]itsgeographicalfeatures
28.TheconstructionoftheTMTisopposedbysomelocalspartlybecause
[A]itmayriskruiningtheirintellectuallife.
[B]itremindsthemofahumiliatinghistory.
[C]theirculturewillloseachanceofrevival.
[D]theyfearlosingcontrolofMaunaKea.
【答案】[B]itremindsthemofahumiliatinghistory.
[A]isfulfillingthedreamsofancientHawaiians.
[B]helpsspreadHawaiiancultureacrosstheworld.
[C]mayuncovertheoriginofHawaiianculture.
【答案】[C]mayuncovertheoriginofHawaiianculture.
[A]severecriticism.
[B]passiveacceptance.
[C]slighthesitancy.
[D]fullapproval.
【答案】[D]fullapproval.
Text3
Arecentannualstudyofcountriesandtheirabilitytoconvertgrowthintowell-beingshedssomelightonthatquestion.Acrossthe163countriesmeasured,theUKisoneofthepoorestperformersinensuringthateconomicgrowthistranslatedintomeaningfulimprovementsforitscitizens.RatherthanjustfocusingonGDP,over40differentsetsofcriteriafromhealth,educationandcivilsocietyengagementhavebeenmeasuredtogetamoreroundedassessmentofhowcountriesareperforming.
ThesharphittogrowthpredictedaroundtheworldandintheUKcouldleadtoadeclineintheeverydayserviceswedependonforourwell-beingandforgrowth.Butpolicymakerswhorefocuseffortsonimprovingwell-beingratherthansimplyworryingaboutGDPfigurescouldavoidtheforecasteddoomandmayevenseeprogress.
31.RobertF.Kennedyiscitedbecausehe
[A]praisedtheUKforitsGDP.
[B]identifiedGDPwithhappiness.
[C]misinterpretedtheroleofGDP.
[D]hadalowopinionofGDP.
【答案】[D]hadalowopinionofGDP
32.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph2that
[A]theUKisreluctanttoremolditseconomicpattern.
[B]GDPasthemeasureofsuccessiswidelydefiedintheUK.
[C]theUKwillcontributelesstotheworldeconomy.
[D]policymakersintheUKarepayinglessattentiontoGDP.
【答案】[B]GDPasthemeasureofsuccessiswidelydefiedintheUK.
33.Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttherecentannualstudy
[A]Itissponsoredby163countries.
[B]ItexcludesGDPasanindicator.
[C]Itscriteriaarequestionable.
[D]Itsresultsareenlightening.
【答案】[D]Itsresultsareenlightening.
34.Inthelasttwoparagraphs,theauthorsuggeststhat
[A]theUKispreparingforaneconomicboom.
[B]highGDPforeshadowsaneconomicdecline.
[C]itisessentialtoconsiderfactorsbeyondGDP.
[D]itrequirescautiontohandleeconomicissues.
【答案】[C]itisessentialtoconsiderfactorsbeyondGDP.
35.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext
[A]HighGDPButInadequateWell-being,aUKLesson
[B]GDPFigures,aWindowonGlobalEconomicHealth
[C]RebortF.Kennedy,aTerminatorofGDP
【答案】[A]HighGDPButInadequateWell-being,aUKLesson
Text4
Inarareunanimousruling,theUSSupremeCourthasoverturnedthecorruptionconvictionofaformerVirginiagovernor,RobertMcDonnell.Butitdidsowhileholdingitsnoseattheethicsofhisconduct,whichincludedacceptinggiftssuchasaRolexwatchandaFerrariautomobilefromacompanyseekingaccesstogovernment.
Merelyhelpingagift-givergainaccesstootherofficials,unlessdonewithclearintenttopressurethoseofficials,isnotcorruption,thejusticesfound.
Thecourtdidsuggestthatacceptingfavorsinreturnforopeningdoorsis"distasteful"and"nasty."Butunderanti-briberylaws,proofmustbemadeofconcretebenefits,suchasapprovalofacontractorregulation.Simplyarrangingameeting,makingaphonecall,orhostinganeventisnotan"officialact".
Favoritisminofficialaccesscanfanpublicperceptionsofcorruption.Butitisnotalwayscorruption.Ratherofficialsmustavoiddoublestandards,ordifferenttypesofaccessforaveragepeopleandthewealthy.Ifconnectionscanbebought,abasicpremiseofdemocraticsociety-thatallareequalintreatmentbygovernment-isundermined.Goodgovernancerestsonanunderstandingoftheinherentworthofeachindividual.
36.Theunderminedsentence(Para.1)mostprobablyshowsthatthecourt
[B]madenocompromiseinconvictingMcDonnell.
37.AccordingtoParagraph4,anofficialactisdeemedcorruptiveonlyifitinvolves
[A]leakingsecretsintentionally.
[B]sizablegainsintheformofgifts.
[C]concretereturnsforgift-givers.
[D]breakingcontractsofficially.
【答案】[C]concretereturnsforgift-givers.
[A]justifiedinaddressingtheneedsoftheirconstituents.
[B]qualifiedtodealindependentlywithbureaucraticissues.
[C]allowedtofocusontheconcernsoftheirsupporters.
[D]exemptfromconvictiononthechargeoffavoritism.
【答案】[A]justifiedinaddressingtheneedsoftheirconstituents.
39.Well-enforcedlawsingovernmenttransparencyareneededto
[A]awakentheconscienceofofficials.
[B]guaranteefairplayinofficialaccess.
[C]allowforcertainkindsoflobbying.
[D]inspirehopesinaveragepeople.
【答案】[B]guaranteefairplayinofficialaccess.
[A]sarcastic.
[B]tolerant.
[C]skeptical.
[D]supportive
【答案】[D]supportive
PartB
Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41-45,youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelistA-Gtofillingthemintothenumberedbox.ParagraphsBandDhavebeencorrectlyplaced.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(10points)
[D]CharlesDickensisprobablythebest-knownand,tomanypeople,thegreatestEnglishnovelistofthe19thcentury.Amoralist,satirist,andsocialreformer.DickenscraftedcomplexplotsandstrikingcharactersthatcapturethepanoramaofEnglishsociety.
D→41.→42.→43.→44.→B→45.
【答案】
41.[F]DickenswasborninPortsmouth
43.[A]Thefirstpublishedsketch
44.[C]SoonafterSketchesbyBozappeared
45.[G]AfterPickwick,Dickensplungedintoableakerworld
PartC
ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)
ThegrowthoftheuseofEnglishastheworld`sprimarylanguageforinternationalcommunicationhasobviouslybeencontinuingforseveraldecades.
(46)ButevenasthenumberofEnglishspeakersexpandsfurthertherearesignsthattheglobalpredominanceofthelanguagemayfadewithintheforeseeablefuture.
Complexinternational,economic,technologicalandculturechangecouldstarttodiminishtheleadingpositionofEnglishasthelanguageoftheworldmarket,andUKinterestswhichenjoyadvantagefromthebreathofEnglishusagewouldconsequentlyfacenewpressures.ThoserealisticpossibilitiesarehighlightedinthestudypresentedbyDavidGraddol
(47)Hisanalysisshouldthereforeendanyself-contentednessamongthosewhomaybelievethattheglobalpositionofEnglishissostablethattheyounggenerationoftheUnitedKingdomdonotneedadditionallanguagecapabilities.
DavidGraddolconcludesthatmonoglotEnglishgraduatesfaceableakeconomicfutureasqualifiedmultilingualyoungstersfromothercountriesareprovingtohaveacompetitiveadvantageovertheirBritishcounterpartsinglobalcompaniesandorganizations.Alongsidethat,(48)manycountriesareintroducingEnglishintotheprimary-schoolcurriculumbutBritishschoolchildrenandstudentsdonotappeartobegaininggreaterencouragementtoachievefluencyinotherlanguages.
Iflefttothemselves,suchtrendswilldiminishtherelativestrengthoftheEnglishlanguageininternationaleducationmarketsasthedemandforeducationalresourcesinlanguages,suchasSpanish,ArabicorMandaringrowsandinternationalbusinessprocessoutsourcinginotherlanguagesuchasJapanese,FrenchandGerman,spreads.
(49)ThechangesidentifiedbyDavidGraddolallpresentclearandmajorchallengestoUK`sprovidersofEnglishlanguageteachingtopeopleofothercountriesandtobroadereducationbusinesssectors.TheEnglishlanguageteachingsectordirectlyearnsnearly&1.3billionfortheUKininvisibleexportsandourothereducationrelatedexploresearnupto&10billionayearmore.Astheinternationaleducationmarketexpands,therecentslowdowninthenumberofinternationalstudentsstudyinginthemainEnglish-speakingcountriesislikelytocontinue,especiallyiftherearenoeffectivestrategicpoliciestopreventsuchslippage.
Theanticipationofpossibleshiftsindemandprovidedbythisstudyissignificant:(50)Itgivesabasistoallorganizationwhichseektopromotethelearningandverydifferentoperatingenvironment.Thatisanecessaryandpracticalapproach.Inthisasinmuchelse,thosewhowishtoinfluencethefuturemustprepareforit.
(46)但是即使当下英语使用者的人群还在进一步扩大，有迹象表明：在可预见的未来，英语可能会逐渐失去其全球主导地位。
(47)因此，对于那些认为英语的国际地位无懈可击、甚至觉得他们的年青后辈们不需要学习其他语言的人而言，他的分析可能会给他们的骄傲自大画上一个句号。
(48)众多国家正在将英语引进小学课程，但是，毫不夸张地说，英国学童和学生似乎没有受到更多的鼓励去学会流利地使用其他语言。
(49)大卫?葛拉尔多所发现的变化给教授他国人士英语的英国机构以及更广阔的教育市场带来了显而易见的巨大挑战。
(50)这给所有致力于推广英语学习和使用的机构提供了一个制定规划的依据，让我们能够应对未来完全不同的操作环境里出现的各种可能性。
SectionIIIWriting
51.Directions：
YouaretowriteanemailtoJamesCook,anewly-arrivedAustralianprofessor,recommendingsometouristattractionsinyourcity.Pleasegivereasonsforyourrecommendation.
YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.
Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheemail.Use"LiMing"instead.
Donotwritetheaddress.(10points)
【参考范文】
DearJamesCook,
Firstofall,youcouldhaveavisittotheSummerPalaceandForbiddenCity,whicharerenownedforitsoldbuildingsanddiversecultures.Afterthat,itisadvisabletogotoWangFujing,whereyoucanhaveatasteofsomedeliciouslocalfoodwhileenjoyingthetraditionalculture.Finally,youcangototheNationalMuseum,inwhichsometraditionalartexhibitionsarebeingheld.Whatdoyouthinkofmyplans
IsincerelyhopethatyoucouldenjoyyourselvesinBeijinganditwillbemypleasuretobeyourguide.
Yourssincerely,
LiMing
52.Directions：
Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingpictures.Inyouressay,youshould
1)describethepicturesbriefly,
2)interpretthemeaning,and
3)giveyourcomments.
YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(20points)
Portrayedinthetwocartoonsisthought-provoking:Intheleftone,ayoungman,comfortablyloungingonthechair,islookingathishugebookshelffullofbookscontentedly,whiletheother,intherightdrawing,isdeterminedtofinishreading20booksinayear.
Bythisscenario,thecartoonististryingtoawakenustotheimportanceofreadingandstickingtoourgoals.Itisuniversallyheldthatwiththeadvanceofmodernsociety,onlythoseequippedwithupdatedknowledgewhichrequiresconstantreadingaremostlikelytoreachthesummitofthesuccess.Conversely,withoutpersistentlearningandtakingactions,ourobjectivesareboundtobeafantasy.Indeed,peoplefailalwaysbecausetheystoptrying,notbecausetheyencounterinvincibledifficulties.
Fromwhathasbeenmentionedabove,wemayreasonablyarriveattheconclusionthatonlythosewhokeeplearningandcherishthespiritofpersistencehaveopportunitiestosucceed.Therefore,suchessenceisanimportantvirtueworthyofbeingfostered.Ifyouunderstandandadheretothisprincipleinyourstudyandwork,youwilldefinitelybenefitgreatly.
性别男女
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