46Oureatinghabitsareveryimportantforgoodhealthandastrongbody.Therearetimeswhenmostofuswouldrathereatsweetsandice-creamthanmeatandrice.Sweetsandice-creamarenotbadifweeatthemattheendofameal.Ifweeatthembeforeameal,theymaytakeawayourappe-tite（食欲）~Itisimportantforustoeatourmealsatthesametimeeachday.Whenwefeelhungry,itisasignthatourbodyneedsfood.Whenwefeelangryorexcited,wemaynotwanttoeat.Alongtimeago,inEngland,somejudgesusedtodecidewhetheramanwastelpngthetruthbygivinghimsomedrybread.Ifthemancouldnoteatthebread,itshowedthathewastelpngpes.Althoughthisseemsverystrangeandratherfoopsh,itisindeedaverygoodwayoffindingoutthefact.Amanwhoisworryingaboutsomethinghasdifficultyineatinganythingdry.Becauseheisworrying,heloseshisappetiteanddoesnotwanttoeat.Amanwhoisworrying__________.
A.hasabetterappetite
B.pkestotellpes
C.pkestoeatice-cream
D.hasapoorappetite
正确答案：D
本题解析：由倒数第二句“Amanwhoisworryingaboutsomethinghasdifficultyineatinganythingdry．”可知，为某事感到焦虑的人很难吞下较于的食物。havedifficultyindoingsth．意为“做某事有困难”。D项“hasapoorappe-tire”意为“没有胃口，不想吃东西”，与原文意思最接近。
45Oureatinghabitsareveryimportantforgoodhealthandastrongbody.Therearetimeswhenmostofuswouldrathereatsweetsandice-creamthanmeatandrice.Sweetsandice-creamarenotbadifweeatthemattheendofameal.Ifweeatthembeforeameal,theymaytakeawayourappe-tite（食欲）~Itisimportantforustoeatourmealsatthesametimeeachday.Whenwefeelhungry,itisasignthatourbodyneedsfood.Whenwefeelangryorexcited,wemaynotwanttoeat.Alongtimeago,inEngland,somejudgesusedtodecidewhetheramanwastelpngthetruthbygivinghimsomedrybread.Ifthemancouldnoteatthebread,itshowedthathewastelpngpes.Althoughthisseemsverystrangeandratherfoopsh,itisindeedaverygoodwayoffindingoutthefact.Amanwhoisworryingaboutsomethinghasdifficultyineatinganythingdry.Becauseheisworrying,heloseshisappetiteanddoesnotwanttoeat.We′dbetterhaveourmeals__________.
A.atthesametimeeachday
B.whenourworkisover
C.whenthemealisstillhot
D.wheneveryoneisathome
正确答案：A
本题解析：第五句“ItisimportantforUStoeatourmealsatthesametimeeachday．”与A项符合，故选A项。
44Oureatinghabitsareveryimportantforgoodhealthandastrongbody.Therearetimeswhenmostofuswouldrathereatsweetsandice-creamthanmeatandrice.Sweetsandice-creamarenotbadifweeatthemattheendofameal.Ifweeatthembeforeameal,theymaytakeawayourappe-tite（食欲）~Itisimportantforustoeatourmealsatthesametimeeachday.Whenwefeelhungry,itisasignthatourbodyneedsfood.Whenwefeelangryorexcited,wemaynotwanttoeat.Alongtimeago,inEngland,somejudgesusedtodecidewhetheramanwastelpngthetruthbygivinghimsomedrybread.Ifthemancouldnoteatthebread,itshowedthathewastelpngpes.Althoughthisseemsverystrangeandratherfoopsh,itisindeedaverygoodwayoffindingoutthefact.Amanwhoisworryingaboutsomethinghasdifficultyineatinganythingdry.Becauseheisworrying,heloseshisappetiteanddoesnotwanttoeat.Itisgoodtoeatsweetsandice-cream__________.
A.whenwearehungry
B.whenwewantto
C.afterthemeal
D.beforethemeal
正确答案：C
本题解析：由第三句“Sweetsandice-creamarenotbadifweeatthemattheendofameal．”可知饭后吃糖果和冰淇淋不是件坏事。故答案为C项。
43Oureatinghabitsareveryimportantforgoodhealthandastrongbody.Therearetimeswhenmostofuswouldrathereatsweetsandice-creamthanmeatandrice.Sweetsandice-creamarenotbadifweeatthemattheendofameal.Ifweeatthembeforeameal,theymaytakeawayourappe-tite（食欲）~Itisimportantforustoeatourmealsatthesametimeeachday.Whenwefeelhungry,itisasignthatourbodyneedsfood.Whenwefeelangryorexcited,wemaynotwanttoeat.Alongtimeago,inEngland,somejudgesusedtodecidewhetheramanwastelpngthetruthbygivinghimsomedrybread.Ifthemancouldnoteatthebread,itshowedthathewastelpngpes.Althoughthisseemsverystrangeandratherfoopsh,itisindeedaverygoodwayoffindingoutthefact.Amanwhoisworryingaboutsomethinghasdifficultyineatinganythingdry.Becauseheisworrying,heloseshisappetiteanddoesnotwanttoeat.Wemusthavegoodeatinghabitsbecause__________.
A.wewanttoeatmore
B.wewanttoenjoyourmeals
C.wewanttobehealthyandstrong
D.wewanttogrowupquickly
92Eatinginspaceisdifferentfromeatingonearth.Thefoodthatastronautscarrywiththemdoesnotlookpkethefoodyoueat.Somefoodiscarriedinclosedbags.Itiscookedandfrozenbeforetheastronautsgetit.Allthewaterisremovedfromthefood.Inthespaceshiptheastronautputsthewaterback.He"shoots"hotorcoldwaterintothefoodbagwithaspecialgun.Heeatsthefoodthroughasmallholeinthebag.Otherfoodscomeinbitesizes.Theastronautputsawholepieceinhismouthatonce.Therecanbenocrumbs.Crumbswouldfloataroundthespaceshipandgetintheway.Meatandcakeoftencomeinbite-sizedpieces.Astronautscan'tdrinkwaterfromopencups.Thewaterwouldfloatindropsintheair.Thewaterisputinthespecialgun.Theastronautshootsthewaterintohismouth.Eatinginspaceisnoteasy.Astronautsmustlearntoeatthisway.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage（）
A.Foodforastronautsmustbemadeinaspecialway
B.Allmeatonearthcomesinbite-sizedpieces
C.Astronautswillonlyeatcakesmadefromcrumbs
D.Astronautshavetogohungryinaspaceship
91Eatinginspaceisdifferentfromeatingonearth.Thefoodthatastronautscarrywiththemdoesnotlookpkethefoodyoueat.Somefoodiscarriedinclosedbags.Itiscookedandfrozenbeforetheastronautsgetit.Allthewaterisremovedfromthefood.Inthespaceshiptheastronautputsthewaterback.He"shoots"hotorcoldwaterintothefoodbagwithaspecialgun.Heeatsthefoodthroughasmallholeinthebag.Otherfoodscomeinbitesizes.Theastronautputsawholepieceinhismouthatonce.Therecanbenocrumbs.Crumbswouldfloataroundthespaceshipandgetintheway.Meatandcakeoftencomeinbite-sizedpieces.Astronautscan'tdrinkwaterfromopencups.Thewaterwouldfloatindropsintheair.Thewaterisputinthespecialgun.Theastronautshootsthewaterintohismouth.Eatinginspaceisnoteasy.Astronautsmustlearntoeatthisway.Whatdoesallthisstorysay（）
A.Thereismorefoodandwaterinspacethanonearth
B.Eatinganddrinkinginspaceisaspecialproblem
C.Astronautscannevereatordrinkinaspaceship
D.Astronautscaneasilygethungryinspace
90Eatinginspaceisdifferentfromeatingonearth.Thefoodthatastronautscarrywiththemdoesnotlookpkethefoodyoueat.Somefoodiscarriedinclosedbags.Itiscookedandfrozenbeforetheastronautsgetit.Allthewaterisremovedfromthefood.Inthespaceshiptheastronautputsthewaterback.He"shoots"hotorcoldwaterintothefoodbagwithaspecialgun.Heeatsthefoodthroughasmallholeinthebag.Otherfoodscomeinbitesizes.Theastronautputsawholepieceinhismouthatonce.Therecanbenocrumbs.Crumbswouldfloataroundthespaceshipandgetintheway.Meatandcakeoftencomeinbite-sizedpieces.Astronautscan'tdrinkwaterfromopencups.Thewaterwouldfloatindropsintheair.Thewaterisputinthespecialgun.Theastronautshootsthewaterintohismouth.Eatinginspaceisnoteasy.Astronautsmustlearntoeatthisway.Whycan'tastronautsdrinkwaterfromcups（）
A.Thewaterwouldcomeoutfromtheopencups
B.Thewaterwouldspillallovertheirfood
C.Crumbswouldfloatinthecups
D.Thecupswouldfloatintheair
89Eatinginspaceisdifferentfromeatingonearth.Thefoodthatastronautscarrywiththemdoesnotlookpkethefoodyoueat.Somefoodiscarriedinclosedbags.Itiscookedandfrozenbeforetheastronautsgetit.Allthewaterisremovedfromthefood.Inthespaceshiptheastronautputsthewaterback.He"shoots"hotorcoldwaterintothefoodbagwithaspecialgun.Heeatsthefoodthroughasmallholeinthebag.Otherfoodscomeinbitesizes.Theastronautputsawholepieceinhismouthatonce.Therecanbenocrumbs.Crumbswouldfloataroundthespaceshipandgetintheway.Meatandcakeoftencomeinbite-sizedpieces.Astronautscan'tdrinkwaterfromopencups.Thewaterwouldfloatindropsintheair.Thewaterisputinthespecialgun.Theastronautshootsthewaterintohismouth.Eatinginspaceisnoteasy.Astronautsmustlearntoeatthisway.Thestorydoesnotsaythis,butfromwhatwehaveread,wecantellthat____.（）
A.eatmoreinspace
B.there'snowateronaspaceship
C.astronautsmustlearnmanynewanddifferentthings
D.foodinthespaceshipisthesameasusual
12______youreatinghabitsisthebestwaytoloseweight．
A.Tohavechanged
B.Change
C.Changing
D.Beingchanged
37B
Onpneeatingshowshaveattractedalotoffansacrosstheworld.Manyhostsofsuchshowsarepopularfortheirabiptytoeattoomuchfood.Butsomeshowshavereceivedcriticism(批评)fortheirwasteoffood.Somehoststhrewawayagreatdealoffoodinsteadofeatingitup.
ItisreportedinBeijingNewsthatabout50milpontonsoffoodisthrownintorubbishbinseveryyear.Inordertostopfoodwaste.thevideosthatshowfoodwastehavebeencutbymanyvideoplatforms(平台).suchasDouyin,KuaishouandBipbip.
Recently,thewholecountryhastakenactiontoavoidwastingfood.Morethan18provinceshavemadesomeinstructionsforrestaurantstocontrolfoodwaste.InShaanxiProvince,localrestaurantsareaskedtoprovidehalfportions(半份)toavoidwaste.InWuhan,thegovernmentsuggeststhatrestaurantsuse"N﹣1"mode(模式).Forexample,agroupof10shouldonlyorderenoughfoodforninepeopleatfirst.Morefoodisonlybroughttothetableifneeded.
Inaddition,anationwide"ClearYourPlate"actionhasbeenlaunched(发起)onpne.UsersofSinaWeiboareencouragedtosharephotosorvideosofemptyplatesafterfinishingtheirmeals.Atthesametime,newlawsarealsobeingconsidered."Wewillmakenewlawstogiveclearinstructionsonavoidingfoodwaste,"announcedagovernmentofficer.
根据上面短文内容填空（每空不限一词）。
1.Someshowshavereceivedcriticismbecausethey
2.AccordingtoBeijingNews,abouttonsoffoodisthrownintorubbishbinseveryyear.Thedatum(数据)showstheproblemoffoodwasteis
3."N﹣1"modeisdesignedtoavoid.Iftwelvepeoplegotodinner，theyhadbetterorderenoughfoodforonlypeopleatfirst.
4.Inaddition,""actionhasbeenlaunchedonpne.UsersofSinaWeiboareencouragedtosharephotosorvideosofemptyplatesafterthey
5.Ourcountryhasalreadytoaskpeopletosavefood.Moreover,itwillconsidermakingnewlawstoonavoidingfoodwaste.
12aresandwichesTheeatinggirls(.)
142Eatingtoomuchfatcan__________toheartdiseaseandhighbloodpressure.
A.devote
B.attend
C.contribute
D.turn
18ChangesinAmericaneating()overthelasttwentyyearsareblamedforavarietyofhealthproblems.
A.meals
B.habits
C.dishes
D.restaurants
A.Objective
B.Creative
C.Subjective
D.Persuasive
A.Applesarebetterthanoranges
B.ApplesdohavesomevitaminCtoincreasetheimmunesystem
C.Applescanhelpcurecertaindiseases
D.Applescanprovidepeoplewithsufficientdailyintakeofenergy
A.AppleconsumptionhasgreatlyreducedUSadults'tripstothedoctor
B.Anappleadaydoeskeepthedoctoraway
C.Applesarefarmorenutritiousthanoranges
D.AsmallnumberofUSadultappleeaterstendtotakelessmedicine
A.149
B.7,646
C.753
D.8,399
47Eatinginspaceisdifferentfromeatingonearth.Thefoodthatastronautscarrywiththemdoesnotlookpkethefoodyoueat.Somefoodiscarriedinclosedbags.Itiscookedandfrozenbeforetheastronautsgetit.Allthewaterisremovedfromthefood.Inthespaceshiptheastronautputsthewaterback.He"shoots"hotorcoldwaterintothefoodbagwithaspecialgun.Heeatsthefoodthroughasmallholeinthebag.Otherfoodscomeinbitesizes.Theastronautputsawholepieceinhismouthatonce.Therecanbenocrumbs.Crumbswouldfloataroundthespaceshipandgetintheway.Meatandcakeoftencomeinbite-sizedpieces.Astronautscan'tdrinkwaterfromopencups.Thewaterwouldfloatindropsintheair.Thewaterisputinthespecialgun.Theastronautshootsthewaterintohismouth.Eatinginspaceisnoteasy.Astronautsmustlearntoeatthisway.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage（）
46Eatinginspaceisdifferentfromeatingonearth.Thefoodthatastronautscarrywiththemdoesnotlookpkethefoodyoueat.Somefoodiscarriedinclosedbags.Itiscookedandfrozenbeforetheastronautsgetit.Allthewaterisremovedfromthefood.Inthespaceshiptheastronautputsthewaterback.He"shoots"hotorcoldwaterintothefoodbagwithaspecialgun.Heeatsthefoodthroughasmallholeinthebag.Otherfoodscomeinbitesizes.Theastronautputsawholepieceinhismouthatonce.Therecanbenocrumbs.Crumbswouldfloataroundthespaceshipandgetintheway.Meatandcakeoftencomeinbite-sizedpieces.Astronautscan'tdrinkwaterfromopencups.Thewaterwouldfloatindropsintheair.Thewaterisputinthespecialgun.Theastronautshootsthewaterintohismouth.Eatinginspaceisnoteasy.Astronautsmustlearntoeatthisway.Whatdoesallthisstorysay（）
45Eatinginspaceisdifferentfromeatingonearth.Thefoodthatastronautscarrywiththemdoesnotlookpkethefoodyoueat.Somefoodiscarriedinclosedbags.Itiscookedandfrozenbeforetheastronautsgetit.Allthewaterisremovedfromthefood.Inthespaceshiptheastronautputsthewaterback.He"shoots"hotorcoldwaterintothefoodbagwithaspecialgun.Heeatsthefoodthroughasmallholeinthebag.Otherfoodscomeinbitesizes.Theastronautputsawholepieceinhismouthatonce.Therecanbenocrumbs.Crumbswouldfloataroundthespaceshipandgetintheway.Meatandcakeoftencomeinbite-sizedpieces.Astronautscan'tdrinkwaterfromopencups.Thewaterwouldfloatindropsintheair.Thewaterisputinthespecialgun.Theastronautshootsthewaterintohismouth.Eatinginspaceisnoteasy.Astronautsmustlearntoeatthisway.Whycan'tastronautsdrinkwaterfromcups（）
44Eatinginspaceisdifferentfromeatingonearth.Thefoodthatastronautscarrywiththemdoesnotlookpkethefoodyoueat.Somefoodiscarriedinclosedbags.Itiscookedandfrozenbeforetheastronautsgetit.Allthewaterisremovedfromthefood.Inthespaceshiptheastronautputsthewaterback.He"shoots"hotorcoldwaterintothefoodbagwithaspecialgun.Heeatsthefoodthroughasmallholeinthebag.Otherfoodscomeinbitesizes.Theastronautputsawholepieceinhismouthatonce.Therecanbenocrumbs.Crumbswouldfloataroundthespaceshipandgetintheway.Meatandcakeoftencomeinbite-sizedpieces.Astronautscan'tdrinkwaterfromopencups.Thewaterwouldfloatindropsintheair.Thewaterisputinthespecialgun.Theastronautshootsthewaterintohismouth.Eatinginspaceisnoteasy.Astronautsmustlearntoeatthisway.Thestorydoesnotsaythis,butfromwhatwehaveread,wecantellthat____.（）
__________finisheseatinglunchlastoughttowashthedishes.
A.Theperson
B.Whoever
C.Anyone
D.Who
EatingOutAreyoulookingforsomewherespecialtogothisweekendDoyouwanttotrysomethingnewCheckoutoneofthesehotnewrestaurants.
MusicalChairsHaveyounoticedhowmusicmakesthetasteofyourfoodbetterThisnewrestauranthasdifferenttypesoflivemusiceverynightexceptSundays,andexcellentfoodtogowithit.Greatfishdishes,beefandpizza.Mondayisclassicrocknight,soseeyouthere.
LastDaysoftheRajAcentrally-locatedIndianrestaurant,perfectforeatingbeforeorafterthecinemaorashow.Insummerenjoyyourmealinthebeautifulgarden.Themostpopulardishesarebeefandchickencookedwithmild,mediumorhotspices.Forbravecustomersthereisextrahot!
TheChocolateBoxTheownerofthissmallcafeusedtocookallkindsoffood,butthensherealizedshepreferredsweetstoanythingelse.Ifyouwantmeatorfish,don’tcomehere.Theyonlydodesserts!Lotsofdifferentkindsofsweets.Chocolateloverswillbeexcitedbytherangeofchocolatecakes.
ATasteofTuscanyWhetheryou’dlikeagreatvalue-for-moneylunchorarelaxingeveningmealatafantasticrestaurant,thisistheplaceforyou.ThecookshaveallbeentrainedinItalyandtheymakebothtraditionalandmoderndishes.Werecommendthepastaandseafood.
【1】What’sspecialaboutMusicChairsA．Sundayisclassicrocknighteveryweek.B．Thechairstherecanplaywonderfulmusic.C．Therestaurantonlywelcomesmusiclovers.D．Youcanenjoyyourmealwithlivemusicthere.【2】WhatcanpeopledoatATasteofTuscanyA．Enjoyarelaxingbreakfast.B．TastedishescookedinItaly.C．Haveavalue-for-moneylunch.D．Learntocookpastaandseafood.【3】WhatisrecommendedinthetextA．Hotrestaurants.B．Specialfoods.C．Weekendactivities.D．Thebestplacestogo.
Eating_______apple_______daykeepsthedoctoraway．（）
A、an；a
B、a；an
C、a；a
D、an；an
6．-Mum，canwetakesomefoodtothetheatre？-____．Eatingfoodwillmakesomenoise．
A、Goodidea
B、Iagreewithyou
C、Idon'tthinkso
D、I'mafraidnot
Thegirl,______behindme,______inthought.
A.seating;waslostB.seating;waslosing
C.seated;waslostD.seated;lost
TiredofeatingatthesameboringrestaurantsLookingforachangeHerearesomerestaurantsthatofferanoriginalrestaurantexperience.Seeforyourselfwhichonesyoufancy.
AnExcitingDinner
LookingforsomethingadventurousTheArchipelagoinLondonisjustthethingforyou.Oneofthemostpopulardishesinthisrestaurantiscrocodile.Yes,youreaditcorrectly,crocodile.Ifthatisnotdaringenoughforyou,thereareplentyofotherdishesonthemenu.
ARestaurantwithaView
Wanttoenjoythesightswhileyou’reeatingTrytheTopoftheWorldrestaurant.Atabout244metersaboveLasVegas,dinerscanenjoyaspectacularviewofLasVegasinthisrevolvingrestaurant.However,therealadventurestartsattheendofthemeal.That’swhenthecustomersaretakenfromtheirseatsatgroundleveltotheobservationroomsinelevatorsthattravelataremarkablespeed.
ATheatricalExperience
LongingfordinnerwithsomedramaDinewithmimesatMimeinManchester.Theserviceisunique.Yourwaiterwillcommunicateyourorderinmimeandkeepyouentertainedwithperformancesinbetweencourses.
AnUnusualSetting
Don’tcareaboutpresentationYou’llbefineattheModernToiletrestaurantinTaiwan.Thethemeofthisrestaurantisthetoilet,andyouwouldbesurprisedhowmanypeoplequeueupfortheexperienceofeatingontoiletseats.
1.WhatwouldyouexpectattheTopoftheWorldrestaurant
A.Afreeride.B.Aninterestingmenu.
C.Ashowduringthemeal.D.Abird’s-eyeviewofLondon.
2.Whichrestaurantrequirescustomerstoorderinanunusualway
A.Archipelago.B.TopoftheWord.
C.Mime.D.ModemToilet.
3.Whereisthepassagelikelytobetakenfrom
A.Aresearchpaper.B.Anentertainmentmagazine.
C.Athrillingnovel.D.Afashionmagazine.
Eatingspicyfoodsfrequentlymaybetiedtoaslightlylowerriskofanearlierdeath,accordingtoanewstudy.However,moreresearchisneededtoconfirmthelink,expertssay.
Theresearchersfoundthatthepeopleinthestudywhoatespicyfoodsoneortwodaysaweekwere10percentlesslikelytodieduringthestudy,comparedwiththosewhoatespicyfoodslessthanonceaweek,accordingtothestudypublishedtoday(Aug.4)inthejournalTheBMJ.Moreover,thepeopleinthestudywhoatespicyfoodsthreeormoredaysaweekwere14percentlesslikelytodieduringthestudy,comparedwiththosewhoatespicyfoodslessthanonceaweek.
However,thestudywasobservational,andsoitistooearlytotellwhetherthereisacausalrelationshipbetweeneatingspicyfoodandlowermortality,saidstudyauthorLuQi,anassociateprofessoratHarvardSchoolofPublicHealthinBoston,Massachusetts."Wedefinitelyneedmoredatafromotherpopulations,"QitoldLiveScience.“Theresearchersdon'tknowwhyexactlytheconsumptionofspicyfoodmaybelinkedtolowermortality,butpreviousresearchoncellsandanimalshassuggestedseveralpossiblemechanisms,”Qisaid.
“Itisunclearwhethertheobservedassociationsarethedirectresultofspicyfoodintake,orwhetherspicyfoodsaresimplyamarkerforotherbeneficialbutunmeasureddietarycomponents(成分),”saidNitaForouhi,anutritionalexpect.Atthispoint,researchersdon'tknowforsurewhethereatingspicyfoodscanhaveabeneficialeffectonhumanhealthandmortality,Forouhiwrote."Futureresearchisneededtomakesurewhetherspicyfoodconsumptionhasthepotentialtoimprovehealthandreducemortalitydirectly,orifitismerelyamarkerofotherdietaryandlifestylefactors,"shesaid.
12.Whichsectionofanewspaperisthearticleprobablytakenfrom
A.AdvertisementB.Business
C.ScienceD.Education
13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mortality”inparagraph3probablymean
A.DeathrateB.Livingcost
C.PhysicalsufferingD.Energyrequirement
14.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellus
A.Linkbetweenfoodandhealth
B.Associationbetweenacertainfoodandhealth
C.Connectionbetweenhabitsandhealth
D.Relationbetweenfoodandhealth
15.What’sthewriter’sattitudetowardseatingspicyfoodsfrequently
A.NegativeB.Positive
C.DoubtfulD.Objective
Peopleareinterestedineatingrawfoodsorwholefoodspartlybecauseeatingthesetypesoffoodreducestheriskofacidaccumulation（酸堆积）inourbody.
Rawandwholefoodsareusuallydigestedmoreefficientlythancookedandprocessedfoods.Whenwecookfoods,wedestroythenaturalenzymes（酶）thatarepartofthefoodinitsrawform.Theseenzymeswereintendedbynaturetohelpusdigestthefood.Whenweconsumefoodwithoutthesenaturalenzymes,ourbodieseitherdigestthefoodimproperlyorallowtoomanynutrientstobeabsorbedintothebloodstream.Inbothcases,theresultisobesity.Whentoomanynutrientsareabsorbedatonce,thebodygrowsfat.
Processedfoodscontainchemicalelements,whichmightconfusetheappetitesystemthattellsuswhenwe’vehadenoughtoeat;asaresult,peopleoftenovereat.Processedfoodsalsoupsetthedigestivecycle.Thebodywilleitheridentifythesefoodsasallergensandthenstorethemsafelyawayfromtheorgansasfat,ortheremainsofundigestedfoodwillbecomeacidicandenterthebloodstreamasacidwaste,whichwillsticktothebloodvesselwalls（血管壁）andblockthepassageofvitaloxygenandnutrientsheadingforthebody’scells.Thebody’smetabolism（新陈代谢）becomesinactive,andtheresultisweightgainandobesity.
Tostopthisviciouscircleinitstracks,peopleneedtoconsumefoodandsupplementsthatwillbalancetheacidalreadyaccumulatedinbody.Eatingtherighttypesofrawandwholefoodscanhelp.It’salsoimportanttorestoreourenzymebalance.Weneedtoidentifyandavoidthefoodsthatcauseacidaccumulationandconsumethefoodsthatincreaseenzymeproduction.Ifwetrulywanttochangeandhelpourbodyhealitself,weneedtotakeanactiveapproach.
12.Wecanlearnfromthe2ndparagraphthat__________.
A.itisessentialforustodigestsomefat
B.cookedandprocessedfoodsarehealthier
C.foodswithnaturalenzymeshelpuskeepfit
D.absorbingmanynutrientsisbeneficialtoourhealth
13.Processedfoodswillprobably__________.
A.stopbody’smetabolismB.bedifficulttodigest
C.destroybody’scellsD.leadtoobesity
14.Theunderlinedword“vicious”inthelastparagraphprobablymeans__________.
A.harmfulB.violent
C.progressiveD.positive
15.Tochangeandhelpourbodyhealitself,weneedto__________.
A.consumeenoughacidfoods
B.identifyenzymeproduction
C.avoidrestoringourenzymebalance
D.eattherighttypesofrawandwholefoods
Forthosewholiveinafastfoodfantasyworld,eatingiteveryday,believingthatitisfast,convenientandinexpensive,itcanbecatastrophic.
A.idealB.fair
C.acceptableD.terrible
ArecenttrendinCaliforniarestaurantsshowsneweatinghabitsamongthoseouttohaveaninterestingdiningexperience.Appetizer（开胃品）seemtobethenameofthegamesasdinersturnawayfromthemoretraditionalthree-coursemealinfavorofsmallersnackssampledinvarioustypesofrestaurants,barsandcafes.Inthisway,inthecourseofaneveningout,youmightgotoarestaurantforatastydishtoeatatoneendoftown,toabarwithsomelivemusicattheotherend,thenforacoffee,andfinallybacktotherestaurantforafurtherappetizer.
Reasonsforthistrendarethefactthatsomanydifferenttypesofrestaurantshavebeensetuprecently,eachwiththeirownparticulartypeoffoodandspecialatmosphere,combinedwiththeincreasedqualityinthetypeofsnacksbeingoffered.Gonearethecheesesticksoftheolddays,whenappetizerswerenotreallytakenseriously.Somefavoritesnacksofthemomentareslicesofhotpizza,creamyfish-baseddishesandcrispycakesandsoon.
Pricesforappetizersarcnotequaltoafullmeal;however,theirnewpopularityhasmeantthatarebynomeansascheapastheyusedtobe.Certainly,forthatspecialoccasion,amealinanicerestaurant,completewiththepianoperformance,ishardtobeat.However,ifweseethatthistrendfor“butterflyeating”---movingaroundseveraldifferentplacesinoneevening---continues,thenallthetraditionalstylerestaurantsmaywellhavetoprovidetheirownappetizerbarsaswell!
9.WhichofthefollowingcouldbestreflectthechangeofCaliforniapeople’seatinghabits
A.Peoplelovemoreinterestingrestaurants.
B.Mostpeopleeatlessthantheyusedto.
C.Afullrestaurantmealislosingpopularity.
D.Foodiscombinedwithsportsandgames..
10.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph2that.
A.appetizersusedtobelyimportant
B.thequalityofsnackshasbeenimproved
C.restaurantshavetocaterfordifferentcustomers
D.new-styleappetizersfueledtheboomofcateringbusiness
11.Dinerswhopreferappetizersofnewtypes.
A.willbechargedmore
B.willbeservedbetter
C.canenjoymusicperformance
D.caneatintheirneighborhood
I'msweatingheavilyinmychair.Mr.Fogartyslowlylooksovertherowsofboys,eachholdinghisbreathand___21___it'snothisturn.Mr.Fogarty'seyespassoverthemandtheycan___22___again.Hiseyeslandonmeandmyheartjumps.
Thisisthe___23___IgothrougheveryTuesdayduringjazzpractice.I'mfineduringpractice___24___it'stimeforeachofustostandandplayourinstrument,alone,witheveryonewatching.IalwaysprayforMr.Fogartyto___25___me,butheneverdoes.___26___,hecallsmeoutinfrontofeveryone,everytime.
Mr.Fogartymouths,"You're___27___"
Mystandpartnersmiles.HeknowshowmuchI___28___thismomenteachweekandinsomewayitgiveshim___29___toseemesweat.
Ipraythatthekidbeforemehasa(n)___30___solo,ormaybeanearthquakewillinterruptus.Butthentheboybeforemefinisheshissolo.MyheartbeatssohardIcan___31___breatheasIstandup.
Istarttobreatheoutthefirstnotes.IholdthemaslongasIcanandthenIlookatthemusic,hopingto___32___thesafepatternofmusicalnotesthattellmewhattodo.Butno,Ihavetotrustmyself.
___33___thenotesonthepagestartjumpingatme,eachcomingsofastI'mnot___34___whichtoplayfirst.SoIplaythemall.Mythoughtsarenolongerwords,butmusical___35___,andthey'removingsofastIdon'thavetimeto___36___whattoplaynext.Ijustletmyhandsgo.I’msocaughtupinmysolothatIdon't___37___howlongI'vebeenplaying.
Mr.Fogartygivesmeasignaland,abruptly(突然地)I___38___,andfreemyhandsfromthesaxophonewhichisstillwarmfrommy___39___fingers.
Isitsohardthatthechairmakesanoise.Iignoremystandpartner's___40___andlookupatmybandteacher'sapprovingsmile.
21.A.explainingB.prayingC.realizingD.imagining
22.A.talkB.playC.practiceD.breathe
23.A.projectB.businessC.routineD.exam
24.A.untilB.whenC.thoughD.because
25.A.rememberB.forgetC.helpD.guide
26.A.InsteadB.HoweverC.ThereforeD.Meanwhile
27.A.aloneB.lateC.lostD.next
28.A.expectB.hateC.fearD.enjoy
29.A.burdenB.pleasureC.reliefD.benefit
30.A.unsuccessfulB.wonderfulC.cheerfulD.never-ending
31.A.nearlyB.merelyC.barelyD.slightly
32.A.followB.formC.practiceD.show
33.A.GraduallyB.SuddenlyC.ActuallyD.Naturally
34.A.afraidB.anxiousC.confusedD.sure
35.A.notesB.starsC.instrumentsD.patterns
36.A.refertoB.thinkaboutC.pickoutD.watchout
37.A.understandB.mindC.noticeD.discover
38.A.stopB.singC.danceD.fall
39.A.unskilledB.strongC.dancingD.helpless
40.A.apologyB.questionC.invitationD.praise
Eatingorganicfoodwillnotmakeyouhealthier,accordingtoresearchersatStanfordUniversity,althoughitcouldcutyour61(expose)topesticides(杀虫剂）.Theylookedatmorethan200studiesofthecontentand62associate)healthgainsoforganicandnon-organicfood.Overall,there63(be)nodifferenceinthenutritionalcontent,althoughorganicfoodwas30%lesslikely64contain)pesticides.
Theresearcherslookedat17studiescomparingpeoplewhoateorganicfood65thosewhodidnotand223studies66comparedthelevelsofnutrients,bacteriaandpesticidesinvariousfood.However,noneofthehumanstudiesranforlongerthantwoyears,67(make)conclusionsaboutlong-term68(outcome)impossible.Andalloftheavailableevidencewas69()weakandvariable,whichtheresearcherssaidwasunsurprisingbecauseofallthedifferentvariables.
DrCrystalSmith-Spangler,theleadresearcher,said"Somebelieveorganicfoodisalwayshealthierandmorenutritious.Butas70matteroffactthereisn’tmuchdifferencebetweenorganicandconventionalfood,ifyou'reanadultandmakedecisionsbasedsimplyonyourhealth."
Whenitcomestoeating,mostofusdon’thavetogoveryfar.Forthoseofusluckyenoughtohaveourparentscookforus,satisfyingourhungersimplymeansashortwalktothedinnertable.Butformanybirdspecies,findingfoodmaymeantravelinghundredsofthousandsofkilometers.
AteamofresearchersfrominstitutionsintheUKandIrelandspentfiveyearstrackingfourspeciesofseabirdtomonitortheirtravelpatterns.Itwasdiscoveredthatoverthefiveyears,thespeciescoveredanareaof1.5millionsquarekilometerswhenhuntingforfood-almostfourtimesthesizeofJapan.ThefindingswerepublishedrecentlyinthejournalEcologicalApplications.Aspartofthestudy,over1,300birdswerefittedwithGPStags(标签)totracktheirmovements.Itwasdiscoveredthatmostofthemsearchforfishinthesameplace-watersoffthecoastofScotland.
Asaresultofthis,organizationssuchastheRoyalSocietyfortheProtectionofBirds(RSPB)willspendmoretimetryingtopreservecoastalScotland.“Forthefirsttime,thisstudyprovidesuswithafullmapforeachbreedingColonyofthefeedingareasforsomeofourmostimportantseabirdspecies,”wrotethestudy'sleadauthorEwanWakefield,fromtheUniversityofGlasgow.“Thatmeanswecannowprotecttheplacesthesebirdscatchthefishtheyneedtofeedtheirhungrychicks.”
Thefindingscouldalsoaffectthefuturebuildingofoffshorewindturbines(涡轮机).Althoughwindturbineshelptofightclimatechangebyprovidingagreensourceofenergy,theirhugeblades(刀片)areblamedforthedeathsofthousandsofbirdseachyear,astheyoftenflyintothem.StuartHousden,directorofRSPBScotland,saidinanewsreleasethatalthoughclimatechangeisahugethreattobothhumansandnaturealike,weshould“invest(投资)inanenergysystemthatworksforbothpeopleandournaturalheritage(遗产).”
Toprotectbothnatureandtheenvironment,theRSPBsupportsthebuildingofturbinesinareasthatwon'thave"obviouslyunfavorableimpactsonimportantbirdpopulationsortheirhabitats,"itwroteonitswebsite.
28.WhatdidthescientistsfromtheUKandIrelandfindaboutthefourspeciesofseabird
A.Theyhavetotallydifferenttravelpatterns
B.Theyprefertocatchfishinplacesneartheirnests
C.Climatechangehasinfluencedtheirhuntingdistance
D.Theycantravelaverylongdistancetofindfood
29.Accordingtothearticle,whyistheresearchimportant
A.Itshowswhataperfectlivingenvironmentforseabirdsis
B.ItwasthefirsttouseGPStechnologytotrackseabirds
C.Itcouldguidepeopleonhowtobetterprotectseabirds
D.Itprovidesmoreinformationaboutthedietofseabirds
30.Windturbinesareathreattoseabirdsbecause.
A.theyproducenoisethatcoulddisturbseabirds
B.theirstrongairflowcouldinfluencetheflightofseabirds
C.theirbigbladesmaykilltheseabirdsthatflyby
D.theyforceseabirdstomoveawayfromtheirhabitats
31.AccordingtotheRoyalSocietyfortheProtectionofBirds,.
A.nomorewindturbinesshouldbebuiltinthefuture
B.weshouldthinkofmoremeasurestoprotecttheclimate
C.thegovernmentshouldinvestmoremoneytoprotectseabirds
D.weshouldconsiderwildlifewhenwebuildturbinesinthefuture
It’sdifficultforchildrentochangetheireatinghabitlaterinlife.______,parentsshouldencouragehealthyeatingfromanearlyage.
A.OtherwiseB.BesidesC.ThereforeD.However
youstarteatinginahealthierway,youwillkeepputtingonweight.
A.UnlessB.AlthoughC.HoweverD.Once
A.enjoyableB.politeC.seatingD.fortunatelyE.producing
F.maintainedG.unableH.listeningI.awareJ.smoothly
Itisnotunusualforustogatherwithournearestanddearestontheweekends.Butdoyouknowthatholidays,muchlikerelationships,canbe“made,(26)______andbroken”throughconversationsDeboragTannen,aGeorgetownUniversitylinguistics（语言学）professor,believesso.Sheofferssuggestionstoimprovecommunicationattheholidaytableandbeyond.Let’stakealook.
Arounddiningtableisbestfor(27)______alivelyconversationbecauseeveryonefacesoneanother.
Avoid(28)______grandparentsattheendsofarectangulartable,eventhoughitisthetraditionalplaceofhonor.Elderlypeoplemayfeellonelytherebecausetheywillbe(29)______tohearorkeepupwithaconversation.
Womenprefertofaceeachotherandmakeeyecontactwhentheytalk.Menmightlookaroundatotherthings.“GuysmaybemorerelaxedkeepingstaringontheTV,”saysTannen.“They’llstillbe(30)______,though.”
Be(31)______thatpeoplehavedifferentwaysoftalking.Eachpersonhasadifferentsenseoftone,rhythm,timingandhowlongofapauseisnormalinaconversation.Payattentiontopeoplewhoseemleftout.Ifyoufeelyouaredoingallthetalking,holdbacktogiveothersachancetojoinin.Ifyoufeelyouaren’tgettingachancetospeak,trypushingyourselftostarttalkingbeforeitseemsnaturalor(32)______.
Somefamiliesfindthatgatheringsgomore(33)______iftheyparticipateinanoutdooractivity.Goingtoaparkforawalkmaybemore(34)______thansittingaroundchatting.
Hundredsoffootprintsandhandprintsmadebyplant-eatingsauropods(蜥脚类动物)around170millionyearsagohavebeenfoundontheIsleofSkyeinScotland.Thediscoveryhelpsfillanimportantgapintheevolutionofthehuge,long-neckedanimals,whichwerethebiggestofthedinosaurs.
ScientistsattheUniversityofEdinburghidentifiedthetracksinlayersofrock,whichwouldhavebeenatthebottomofashallow,saltwaterlagoon(咸水湖)whentheprintsweremade.Byanalyzingthestructureofthefootprints,theteamfoundthatthedinosaurswereearly,distantsofmorewell-knownspecies,suchasBrontosaurusandDiplodocus.TheSkyedinosaurslikelygrewtoatleast15metresinlengthandweighedmorethan10tones.Thefootprints--thelargestofwhichis70cmindiameter(直径)--arethefirstsauropodtrackstobefoundinScotland.Untilnow,theonlyevidencethatsauropodslivedinScotlandcamefromasmallnumberofboneandteethfragments.FossilsfromtheMiddleJurassicPeriodareextremelyrare,andtheIsleofSkyeisoneofthefewplacesintheworldwheretheycanbefound.
Thediscoveryishelpingscientiststore-imaginethebreldsandlifestylesoftheworld'sbiggestdinosaurs.Togetherwithsimilartracksfoundrecentlyinotherpartsoftheworld,theSkyetrackwaysshowthatsauropodsspentlotsoftimeincoastalareasandshallowwater,whichwaspreviouslythoughtthatlargedinosaurswerepurelyland-dwellers.
Thestudy,publishedinScottishJournalofGeology,wassupportedbytheUniversityofEdinburghandtheRoyalZoologicalSocietyofScotland.DrSteveBrusatte,oftheUniversityofEdinburgh'sSchoolofGeoSciences,wholedthestudy,said:"ThenewtracksitefromSkyeisoneofthemostremarkabledinosaurdiscoveriesevermadeinScotland.Therearesomanytrackscrossingeachotherthatitlookslikeadinosaurdiscopreservedinstone.Byfollowingthetracksyoucanwalkwiththesedinosaursastheymadetheirwaythroughalagoon170millionyearsago,whenScotlandwassomuchwarmerthantoday."
DrTomChallandsoftheSchoolofGeoSciences,whotookpartinthediscoveryandresearch,said:"ThisfindingclearlyestablishestheIsleofSkyeasanareaofmajorimportanceforresearchintotheMid-Jurassicperiod.Itisthrillingtomakesuchadiscoveryandbeingabletostudyitindetail,butthebestthingisthisisonlythetipoftheiceberg.I'mcertainSkyewillkeepproducinggreatsitesandspecimensforyearstocome."
56.Whatisthepassagemainlytalkingabout
A.Anewdiscoveryoffossildinosaurtracksinspiresthescientiststodofurtherresearch
B.Anewdiscoveryoffossildinosaurtracksgivesinsightintolivesofprehistoricgiants
C.Anewdiscoveryoffossildinosaurtracksproveslargedinosaursmainlyliveonland
D.Anewdiscoveryofdinosaurtrackshascausedaheateddiscussionamongscientists
57.Thediscoveryisimportantbecause.
A.Scotlandisthebiggestdinosaursiteyetfound
B.sauropodsareclassifiedasthebiggestdinosaurs
C.ithelpsfillanimportantgapintheevolutionofsauropods
D.fossilsfromtheMiddleJurassicPeriodcanberarelyfound
58.WhichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedwordinParagraph3
A.habitatsB.bodytypesC.eatinghabitsD.characteristics
59.WhatcanyouinferfromDrTomChallands’words
A.MoregreatsitesandspecimensinSkyeremaintobefoundforyearstocome
B.MuchmoreinformationaboutFossildinosaurtrackswillbefoundinthefuture
C.Tomakesuchadiscoveryandbeingabletostudyitindetailarefarfromsatisfactory
D.TheIsleofSkyeisthemostimportantareaforresearchintotheMid-Jurassicperiod
RegFoggerdy,62,whomanagedtosurvivebyeatingantswhilelostforsixdayswithoutwaterinWesternAustralia,sayshethoughthewasgoingtodieinthewilderness.
“IwasonahuntingtripintheGreatVictoriaDesertwhenIset41inpursuitofacamelI’dshot.Ifollowedthiscamelintothe42.I’dgoneatleast30km.Ididn’tknowwhereIwas,”hetoldCNNNetwork,givinga(an)43ofhiswrong19–milewanderandextraordinarytaleofsurvivalthatfollowed.
FoggerdyfoundhimselfalonewithonlyaT-shirt,andtheshortshewaswearing.Hehadavaluablesourceoffood44infrontofhim---thedeadcamelhe’d45downbutnomeanswith46toeatit.
“Ididn’thaveaknife,andIdidn’thavematchesforafire,”hesaid.“SoIcouldn’tgoand47asteakofftheanimal.”
Inthe48,heturnedtoantsfor49,anideaherememberedfromwatchingTVshowsofBritishsurvivalexpertBearGrylls.“Theytastedquitegood.Thefirstday,Iateprobably12ants---andthefollowingday,Ihad18,”Foggerdysaid.
50,astimepassed,therewasa51hopethathecould52itoutofthedesertalive.Hesawsearchhelicopterspassingoverhead,buttheydidn’tnoticehimbecausethebushisso53.
Bythesixthday,hisorganshadstartedtoshutdown.Hehadsaidhislastgoodbyesinhisheadand54deathtocomesoon.
“Iwasatpeacewithmyself,”hesaid,55tearsasherememberedthethoughtofhisfamilyseeinghisbodylyingonthedirtinthebush.
ButasGoggerdy56fortheend,searcherswerehotonhistrailafteratracker57oneofhisfootprintsinthedirt.
“WhenIopenedmyeyesandsawthesearchers,Iwassohappy,”Foggerdy58.“I’veheardofpeopledyingafterthreedayswithnowater,butIdon’tknow59Isurvivedsixdays.Idon’tthinkIwas60---justlucky.”
41.A.aboutB.inC.upD.off
42.A.bushB.dirtC.desertD.wilderness
43.A.paperB.recordC.accountD.explanation
44.A.rightB.nearC.directD.straight
45.A.shotB.chasedC.fellD.knocked
46.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whom
47.A.putB.hitC.cutD.break
48.A.memoryB.dilemmaC.impressionD.experience
49.A.helpB.powerC.strengthD.nutrients
50.A.HoweverB.FinallyC.AnyhowD.Therefore
51.A.bigB.highC.greatD.faint
52.A.getB.escapeC.makeD.manage
53.A.tallB.bigC.thinD.thick
54.A.waitedB.expectedC.declaredD.ignored
55.A.wipingawayB.burstingintoC.takingbackD.hidingaway
56.A.reachedB.madeC.preparedD.sought
57.A.recognizedB.spottedC.realizedD.searched
58.A.remindedB.rememberedC.recalledD.memorized
59.A.whyB.howC.whenD.where
60.A.braveB.patientC.confidentD.tough
Brownbearshavestoppedeatingsalmon(鲑鱼)infavorofelderberriesafterbeingforcedtomakeachoiceduetoclimatechange.Warmingtemperaturesmeanthattheberriesareripeningearlierthanusual,atexactlythesametimeasthefreshwaterstreamsonAlaska’sKodiakIslandareoverflowingwithsalmon.
Theisland’sbrownbearstypicallyfeedfirstonsalmoninearlysummer,followedbyelderberrieslaterintheseason,inlateAugustandSeptember.
“Whatyouhaveisascramblingoftheschedule,”saidWilliamDeacy,abiologistatOregonStateUniversitythatstudiedthephenomenon.
“It’sessentiallylikeifbreakfastandlunchwereservedatthesametimeandthenthereisnothingtoeatuntildinner.Youhavetochoosebetweenbreakfastandlunchbecauseyoucanonlyeatsomuchatatime.”
Thestudyfoundthatduringtheunusuallywarmsummerof2014,thebears,whichwouldtraditionallykillupto75percentofthesalmon,werenowheretobeseennearthestreams.Instead,theywereinthehillsbusymunchingonberries,whichcontainlessproteinandthereforetakelessenergytobreakdown,causingthemtogainweightmorequickly.
Biologistswarnedthatchangescausedbyawarmingplanetwerebehindthebears’unusualbehaviorandcouldaffecttheentireecosystem.
Theresearchersfoundthattheforestsaroundthestreamssufferedbecausethebears’fishcarcasses(残骸)werenolongertheretoenrichthesoil.
“Bearsswitchedfromeatingsalmontoelderberries,disturbingtheanecologicallinkthattypicallyfertilizestheecosystemsandgenerateshighdeathratesforsalmon,”thestudysaid.Onaverage,redelderberriesaresaidtoberipeningtwoandahalfdaysearliereverydecade.Ifthepatterncontinues,theywillregularlyoverlap(重叠)withthesalmonby2070.
25.Brownbearshavebeguntofavorbecauseoftheclimatechange.
A.salmonB.elderberriesC.warmtemperaturesD.freshwater
26.WhatdoesWilliamDeacymeanbysayingtheunderlinedsentence
A.Brownbearseattheirbreakfastandlunchatthesametime.
B.We’refacingahardproblemwithchoosingthemeals.
C.Climatechangeisdisturbingthebears’eatinghabits.
D.Peoplesbiologicalclocksarechangingregularly.
27.Whichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribethephenomenon
A.Natural.B.Unusual.C.Amazing.D.Typical.
28.Thefindingofthestudyshowsusthat.
A.brownbearsmaybecomebiggerandbigger
B.therewillbeahigherdeathrateforthesalmon
C.redelderberrieswillprobablyberipeninginsummer
D.thechangesofbears’behaviorcouldaffecttheentireecosystem
OnedaywhenIwaseatingadelicious,juicyappleandtookabigbite,Igotanappleseedintomymouth.Ispatitoutintomy__41__.
Insteadofthrowingitaway,IrealizedIwas__42__anappletreeinthepalmofmyhand.Itwasalittleseedwiththe__43__tobecomeatreethatcouldgrow__44__ofapplesinitslifetime.Thousandsofapples--each__45__severalseeds,andeachwill__46__anewtreewhichagaincouldproducethousandsofapples.
Itisa__47__ofnaturethatonlyafewoftheseseedsgrow.Most__48__dooraredestroyedearlyonintheir__49__.
Anditcametomymindthatit’squiteoftensowithpeople’s__50__.Wonderfulideascometoourmindsbuttheydietoo__51__.--Wedon’ttendtothelittletrees;wedon’tprotectthem__52__weshould.Andthenonedaywewonderwhathappenedtoourdreams--whydidtheynever__53__true
Likeplantinganappletree,ourdreamsmighttakemany__54__togetagoodjob.Youmightsendyourmanuscript（手稿，申请）outtwohundredtimes__55__itwasaccepted.Youmight__56__dozensofpeopleuntilyoumetthetruefriend.Butifyoukepton__57__theseedsofyourdream,onedayyouwould__58__.
Ipickeduptheappleseedagainandtookanemptyflowerpot,pouredsome__59__intoitandplantedtheseed.Maybeonedayitwouldgrowintoaproud__60__.I’dneverknowifIdidn’ttry.
41.A.lifeB.potC.handD.mouth
42.A.holdingB.plantingC.throwingD.picking
43.A.abilityB.possibilityC.wishD.effort
44.A.scoresB.hundredsC.dozensD.thousands
45.A.producesB.needsC.containsD.creates
46.A.growB.collectC.spreadD.place
47.A.wonderB.ruleC.resultD.success
48.A.willB.sometimesC.oftenD.never
49.A.productionB.placeC.growthD.lifetime
50.A.applesB.livesC.mindsD.dreams
51.A.oftenB.soonC.lateD.fast
52.A.ifB.becauseC.unlessD.as
53.A.comeB.soundC.feelD.seem
54.A.plansB.seedsC.stepsD.tries
55.A.afterB.whenC.beforeD.though
56.A.meetB.refuseC.receiveD.accept
57.A.discoveringB.harvestingC.sowingD.showing
58.A.giveupB.calmdownC.failD.succeed
59.A.plantsB.waterC.ideasD.earth
60.A.forestB.treeC.flowerD.fruit
Healthyeatingalongwithregularexerciseifyouwanttobecomefit,isyourmood.
A.count;soB.counts;soC.isimportant;andsoD.areimportant;andso
BELJLNG—EatingataBeijingrestaurantisusuallyanadventureforforeigners,andparticularlywhentheygetthechancetoorder“chickenwithoutsexlife”or“redburnedlionhead”.
Sometimesexcitedbutmostlyconfused,embarrassedoreventerrified,manyforeignershavelongcomplainedaboutmistranslationsofChinesedishes.Andtheircomplaintsareoftenvalid,butsuchanexperienceatBeijing’srestaurantswillapparentlysoonbehistory.
Foreignvisitorswillnolonger,hopefully,beconfusedbyoddlywordedrestaurantmenusinthecapitalifthegovernment’splantocorrectlytranslate3,000Chinesedishesisasuccessandthetranslationsaregenerallyadopted.
Themunicipal（市政）officeofforeignaffairshaspublishedabooktorecommendEnglishtranslationsofChinesedishes,whichaimstohelprestaurantsavoidbizarretranslations.“ItprovidesthenamesofmaindishesoffamousChinesecuisinesinplainEnglish,”anofficialwiththecity’sForeignAffairsofficesaid,“Restaurantsareencouragedtousetheproposedtranslations,butitwillnotbecompulsory.”It’sthecity’slatestefforttobridgetheculturegapforforeigntravelersinChina.
“Thebookisablessingtotouristguideslikeme.Havingit,Idon’thavetorackmybrainstryingtoexplainChinesedishestoforeigntravelers,”saidZhengXiaodong,a31-year-oldemployeewithaBeijing-basedtravelagency.
“IwillbuythebookasImajorinEnglishliteratureandI’dliketointroduceChinesecuisineculturetomoreforeignfriends,”saidHanYang,apostgraduatestudentattheUniversityofInternationalBusinessandEconomics.
ItisnotclearifthebookwillbeintroducedtootherpartsofChina.ButonTuesday,thiswasthemostdiscussedtopiconweibo.com,China’smostpopularmicro-bloggingsite.
1.What’sthebesttitleofthepassage
A.ConfusingmistranslationsofChinesedishes
B.Chinesedishestohave“official”Englishnames
C.Theefforttobridgetheculturegap
D.AnadventureforforeignerswhoeatinBeijing
2.“Chickenwithoutsexlife”or“redburnedlionhead”arementionedinthebeginningof
thepassagetoshow__________.
A.someChinesedishesarenotacceptable
B.someChinesedishesarehardtotranslate
C.someChinesedishesarenotwellreceived
D.someChinesedishesaremistranslated
3.Whatmeasurehasthemunicipalofficetaken
A.PublishingabookonChina’sdietaryhabits
B.AdvocatingusingaccuratetranslationforChinesedishes
C.ProvidingthenamesofmainChinesedishes
D.RecommendingabookonChinesedishes
4.What’stheattitudeofmostpeopletothebookaccordingtothepassage
A.favorableB.pidedC.notclearD.excited
Westronglyadviseyou______eatingyourmealsolate.It’snothealthy.
A.onB.againstC.fromD.over
Westronglyadviseyou______eatingyourmealsolate．It’snothealthy.
A．onB．against
C．fromD．over
EatingtheCookie
Oneofmypatients,asuccessfulbusinessman,tellsmethatbeforehiscancerhewouldbecomedepressedunlessthingswentacertainway.___21___was“havingthecookie”.Ifyouhadthecookie,thingsweregood.Ifyoudidn’thavethecookie,lifewas___22___.
Unfortunately,thecookiekept___23___.Someofthetimeitwasmoney,andsometimespower.At___24___time,itwasthenewcar,thebiggestcontract.Ayearandahalfafterhisdiagnosis(诊断)ofprostatecancer,hesits___25___hisheadregretfully.“ItseemsthatIstoppedlearninghowto___26___afterIwasakid.WhenIgivemysonacookie,heishappy.IfItakethecookieawayorit___27___,heisunhappy.ButheistwoandahalfandIamfortythree.It’stakenmethislongtounderstandthatthe___28___willnevermakemehappyforlong.
The___29___youhavethecookieitstartstofalltopiecesoryoustartto___30___aboutitcrumbling(弄碎)oraboutsomeonetryingtotakeitawayfromyou.Youknow,youhaveto___31___alotofthingstotakecareofthecookie,tokeepitfromcrumblingandbe___32___thatnoonetakesitawayfromyou.Youmaynotevengetachancetoeatit___33___youaresobusyjusttryingnottoloseit.___34___thecookieisnotwhatlifeisabout.”
Mypatientlaughsandsays___35___haschangedhim.Forthefirsttimeheis___36___.Nomatterifhis___37___isdoingwellornot,nomatterifhewinsorlosesatgolf.“Twoyearsago,cancer___38___me,‘Whatisreallyimportant’Well,lifeisimportant.Liveanywayyoucanhaveit,lifewiththecookie,lifewithoutthecookie.Happinessdoesnothaveanythingto___39___withthecookie:ithastodowithbeing___40___.”
21.A.HappinessB.SuccessC.BusinessD.Love
22.A.normalB.commonC.worthlessD.useless
23.A.increasingB.changingC.decreasingD.recovering
24.A.oneB.aC.noD.other
25.A.shakingB.noddingC.knockingD.raising
26.A.growB.learnC.liveD.work
27.A.burnsB.breaksC.sharesD.throws
28.A.diseaseB.changeC.kidD.cookie
29.A.hourB.timeC.secondD.minute
30.A.thinkB.comeC.worryD.doubt
31.A.giveupB.addupC.useupD.callup
32.A.braveB.curiousC.awareD.sure
33.A.unlessB.becauseC.thoughD.until
34.A.EatingB.ProtectingC.HavingD.Making
35.A.deathB.energyC.lifeD.cancer
36.A.happyB.weakC.upsetD.sad
37.A.resultB.fortunateC.businessD.behavior
38.A.askedB.leftC.desertedD.recognized
39.A.dealB.doC.connectD.link
40.A.aloneB.aliveC.ambitiousD.active
MakeYourBrainSmarter
Youknowthateatingaproperdietandgettingplentyofexercisehelpmakeyourbodyhealthyandstrong.ButdidyouknowthattherearewaystomakeyourbrainhealthierandsmarterStudiesshowthatwhenthebrainisforcedtodosomethingnew,itcreatesnewneural(神经的)pathways.___11___
●LimityourTVviewing.
WatchinganaverageTVshowrequiresverylittlebrainpowerandbringsthesameresultasneglecting(忽视)physicalexercise._____12_____IfyouwatchTV,choosesomethingeducationalandinformative.
●Useyournon-dominant(非支配的)hand.
Ifyouareright-handed,useyourlefthandforeverydayactivities,oruseyourrighthandifyouareleft-handed.Doingfamiliarthingsinanewwaywillcauseyourbraintocreatenewneuralnetworks.Brushingourteethissomethingwedodaily._____13_____Butmaybeweshould.Expertssuggestthatwecanforcethebraintoworkbychangingthingsupandworkingwithournon-dominanthand.Sothenexttimeyoubrushyourteeth,openthetube,applyyourtoothpasteandbrushwiththeoppositehand.
●___14___学%科%网...
Jumpintheshowerandshutyoureyes.Evenifyoudropthesoap---that’sokay._____15_____Searchingforthesoapwhilefeelingthetextures(质地)withyoureyesclosedworks.Usingyourfingerstomakefinedistinctionsbetweenobjectsortexturescanreconnectthebrainareasinvolvedintouch,suggestsLarryKatz,aprofessorofneurobiologyatDukeUniversityMedicalCenterandauthor.
A.Showerwithyoureyesclosed.
B.Smartpeoplerarelyfollowasetpattern.
C.Themorepathwaysyouhave,thesmarteryouwillbe.
D.Useyourdifferentsenses.
E.Wereallydon’tputthatmuchthoughtintoit.
F.Putyourbraintobestuse.
G.Yourbrainwillbecomeweakjustasyourmusclesdo.
8-year-oldJiangTianjianwaseatinghisregularbreakfastofricenoodleswithhismotheronaSunday.There’snothingunusualaboutthat____16____thewaytheboywasholdinghischopsticks－inbetweenhis____17____.
Jiangwasbornin2009withoutanyarms.Whenhismother,LiHongmei,waspregnant(怀孕),allofthefiveprenatalultrasounds(超声检查)shehad____18____thatnothingwaswrong.SoonafterJiangwasborn,____19____,anursecameintotheroomwitha____20____lookonherface,informingLithathersondidn’thaveanyarms.Despitethefactthatsomeofherfamilysuggesteditbebestto____21____theboy,Lideterminedthatshewould____22____herselftohelpingherson.Fromthetimehewas18monthsold,Jianghasbeen____23____howtodoeverythingwithhisfeetandnowhehasthe____24____towriteChinesecharacters,solvemathproblems,drawpictures,playgamesonhiscellphoneand____25____dojigsawpuzzlesusingjusthisfeet.
Accordingtotheclassmonitor,Jiangwassometimeslaughedatbecauseofhis____26____,butshesaidthemajorityoftheclassmateshad____27____onhim,playingwithhimandhelpinghimgotothetoilet.ChenXiuhua,Jiang’sheadteacher,saidhe____28____ontop.The52-year-oldsaidshehadneverseen____29____severelydisabledstudentand____30____thatshewasworriedwhenshelearnedthatJiangwouldbejoiningherclass.Buttheboy_____31_____himselffromthemomentthetwomet,bowingandgreetingChenwithaconfident“hello,teacher”.Hewasexcellent____32____,scoringfullmarksinChineseandmathinthemidtermexams－the____33____studentinhisclasstodoso.
Unavoidably,lifethrowsalemontouswhichmakesussourandheartbroken.Don’tletit____34____youdown.Allthehardworkwill____35____,andLihopeshewillcontinuetodevelophistalentinotheraspects.
16.A.duetoB.accordingtoC.exceptforD.asfor
17.A.toesB.legsC.armsD.fingers
18.A.expressedB.indicatedC.foundD.meant
19.A.besidesB.meanwhileC.howeverD.therefore
20.A.disappointedB.confusedC.frightenedD.concerned
21.A.giveawayB.turnawayC.putawayD.getaway
22.A.helpB.commitC.adaptD.abandon
23.A.teachingB.experiencingC.understandingD.learning
24.A.rightB.chanceC.abilityD.courage
25.A.stillB.evenC.yetD.ever
26.A.appearanceB.performanceC.disabilityD.behavior
27.A.pityB.effectsC.eyesD.focus
28.A.stoodoutB.cameoutC.heldoutD.workedout
29.A.amostB.themostC.themoreD.amore
30.A.admittedB.approvedC.defendedD.assumed
31.A.devotedB.impressedC.promotedD.distinguished
32.A.practicallyB.academicallyC.firmlyD.normally
33.A.onlyB.chiefC.veryD.final
34.A.putB.turnC.dragD.tear
35.A.hangonB.giveoutC.turnoutD.payoff
Themunicipal（市政）officeofforeignaffairshaspublishedabooktorecommendEnglishtranslationsofChinesedishes,whichaimstohelprestaurantsavoidbizarretranslations.ItprovidesthenamesofmaindishesoffamousChinesecuisinesinplainEnglish,“anofficialwiththecity’sForeignAffairsofficesaid.”Restaurantsareencouragedtousetheproposedtranslations,butitwillnotbecompulsory.“It’sthecity’slatestefforttobridgetheculturegapforforeigntravelersinChina.
Comingupwithprecisetranslationsisadauntingtask,assomeChineseculinary（烹饪的）techniquesareuntranslatableandmanyChinesedisheshavenoEnglish-languageequivalent.Thetranslators,afterconductingastudyofChineserestaurantsinEnglish-speakingcountries,pidedthedishnamesintofourcategories:ingredients,cookingmethod,tasteandnameofapersonoraplace.Forsometraditionaldishes,pinyin,theChinesephoneticsystem,isused,suchasmapotofu(previouslyoftenliterallytranslatedas“beancurdmadebywomanwithfreckles”),baozi(steamedstuffedbun)andjiaozi(dumplings)to“reflecttheChinesecuisineculture,”accordingtothebook.
“Thebookisablessingtotouristguideslikeme.Havingit,Idon’thavetorackmybrainstryingtoexplainChinesedishestoforeigntravellers,”saidZhengXiaodong,a31-year–oldemployeewithaBeijing-basedtravelagency.
ItisnotclearifthebookwillbeintroducedtootherpartsofChina.ButonTuesday,thiswasthemostdiscussedtopiconweibo.com,China’smostpopularmicrobloggingsite.
12.What’sthebesttitleofthepassage
A.AnadventureforforeignerswhoeatinBeijing.
B.ConfusingmistranslationsofChinesedishes
D.Chinesedishestohave“official”Englishnames
13.“chickenwithoutsexlife”or“redburnedlionhead”arementionedinthebeginningof
A.someChinesedishesaremistranslated
B.someChinesedishesarenotwellreceived
C.someChinesedishesarehardtotranslate
D.someChinesedishesarenotacceptable
14.Whatmeasurehasthemunicipalofficetaken
A.RecommendingabookonChinesedishes
B.AdvocatingusingprecisetranslationforChinesedishes
C.PublishingabookonChina’sdietaryhabits
D.ProvidingthenamesofmainChinesedishes
15.What’stheattitudeofmostpeopletothebookaccordingtothepassage
A.notclearB.excitedC.favorableD.pided
DoyoulikeeatingprocessedmeatIfyoudo,thinktwicenowifyouwanttoeatsuchmeatforthesakeofyourhealth.WhyIt’sbecauseeatingprocessedmeatcancausecancer,WorldHealthOrganization(WHO)expertssaidlastMonday.
Processedmeatismeatthathasbeenpreservedbysalting,smoking,dryingorcanning.ExpertsfromtheWHO’sInternationalAgencyforResearchonCancer(IARC)inLyon,Francestudies800patients.Theexpertsconnectedprocessedmeat,suchashotdogsandbacon,withatleastthreekindsofcancer.Apersonwhoeats50gramsofprocessedmeatperday—abouttwopiecesofbacon—increaseshisorherriskofbowel(肠)cancerby18percent.
TheIARChasincludedprocessedmeatinitsGroup1list,forwhichthereis“enoughevidence”ofconnectionwithcancer.TobaccoisalsoontheGroup1list.
WHOexpertsalsosayredmeat,includingbeef,lambandpork,is“probably”carcinogenic(致癌的)tohumans.Dr.KurtStraitiswiththeIARC.Hesaidinastatementthattheriskofcancerincreaseswiththeamountofmeatapersoneats.Healthexpertsinsomecountriesadvisedagainsteatinglargeamountsofredandprocessedmeat.Butthosesuggestionshadbeencenteredontheincreasedriskofheartdiseaseandobesity.
However,meatindustrygroupsprotesttheresultoftheWHOstudy.Theysaythatmeatispartofabalanceddiet.Theyalsosaythecausesofcancerarebroad,andincludeenvironmentandlifestylefactors.
TheWHOreportcitestheGlobalBurdenofDiseaseproject,whichshowsthatdietshighinprocessedmeatleadto34,000cancerdeathsperyearworldwide.
29.ItcanbeinferredthattheitemsontheGroup1listoftheIARC________.
A.areallprocessedfoods
B.aren’tofteneatenbypeople
C.canbethemostdangeroustohumans
D.cangreatlyincreasetheriskofcancer
30.Whatcantaketheplaceoftheunderlinedword“protest”
A.Learnfrom.B.Disagreewith.C.Takeinterestin.D.Payattentionto.
31.Whatcanbeusedasthebesttitleofthepassage
A.WHO:ProcessedMeatCanCauseCancer
B.TheImportanceofHavingaBalancedDiet
C.EatingTooMuchRedMeatIsBadforHumans
D.ScientistsFoundtheCausesofSomeKindsofCancer
Toomucheating.Toomanyunhealthyfoods.Toomanyadsforfood.Toofewactivities.DifferentreasonsaregivenforAmerica’sweightproblem---aproblemincreasinglysharedbyothercountries.Almostone-fifthofAmericanchildrenandteenagersareoverweight.
Schoolshavebeenaskedtoincreasephysicaleducation,animportanttoolforpublichealth.However,arecentstudyhasshownanincreaseinthenumberofinjuriesinP.E.classes.
Researcherssayonepossiblereasonforthisisadecreaseinthenumberofschoolnurses.Schoolswithoutanurseondutymaybemorelikelytosendaninjuredchildtoahospital.
Anotherpossiblereasonformoreinjuriesisachangeinthetraditionalideaofphysicaleducation.This“NewP.E.”expandsthekindsofsportsthataretaught.Butactivitiesthatsomeschoolsoffernow,likerockclimbingandskateboarding,canalsoincreasetherisks,saysCherylRichardson,whoiswiththeNationalAssociationforSportandPhysicalEducation(NASPE).
ShealsosaysnotallstatesrequireP.E.teacherstobespeciallytrained.Untrainedteacherscouldbelesslikelytorecognizeunsafeconditions.
CherylRichardsonpointstooneofthestudy’sfindings–thatinjuriesareoftentheresultofcontactwithapersonorastructure.Thistellsherthattheteacherswerenotgivingeachstudentenoughspacetomovearoundsafely.
Sixactivitiesproducedseventypercentofallinjuries:running,basketball,football,volleyball,rugbyandgymnastics.
Theresearcherssaylargerclasssizesareanotherpossiblereasonfortheincreaseininjuries.Largerclassescanmeanlesssupervision(监督).TheNationalAssociationforSportandPhysicalEducationsaystwentytothirtystudentsinaP.E.classshouldbethelimit.
32.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss
A.WhatleadstotheweightprobleminAmerica.
B.WhetherstudentsshouldhavemoreP.E.classes.
C.WhytherehavebeenmoreinjuriesinP.E.classes.
D.Whatkindsofactivitiesaresafeforschoolstudents.
33.Wecanknowfromthethirdparagraphthat__________.
A.nursesarepaidmoreinhospitalsthaninschoolsinAmerica.
B.manynursesinAmericanschoolsdon’thavegoodskills.
C.fewerpeoplechoosetobecomeanurseinAmerica.
D.Americanschoolsneedmoreschoolnursesatpresent.
34.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE
A.P.E.classesbecomemoredangerousforstudentsnowinAmerica.
B.FewerandfewerstudentsareinterestedinP.E.classesinAmerica.
C.ThenumberofP.E.teachersinschoolsmustbeincreasednow.
D.P.E.classesfollowthetraditionalideasinphysicaleducation.
35.AccordingtoCherylRichardson,____________.
A.studentsshoulddomoreexercisewhentheyareatschool
B.teachersarepartlyresponsibleforinjuriesinP.E.classes
C.theequipmentforP.E.classesmustbeimprovedinallschools.
D.P.E.teachersshouldgivestudentsmorefreedomintheirclasses
Angercanfeellikeitseatingyouupinsideasitpracticallyruinsyourentireday36Let'scoolitalittleshallwe
37Effectively,toconstantlywateritwouldmeanyou'vecreatedthehabitofanger.You'reprobablyevenaddictedtoit.Tostopbeingsoangry,you'vetobreakoutofanger.Stopwateringtheangryseedwithin,liveyourlifeandstartplantingotherseeds!
Angerisnotaprimaryemotion.It'ssecondary.38WhatisitFearRejectionSadnessGuiltIt'sgoingtobeterrifying,butyou'vetobehonestwithyourselfandstartaskingthebiggerquestionsinordertoovercomeanger.
Foreveryminuteyouareangryyoulosesixtysecondsofhappiness.It'sonlylogical.Gettingangryisnotallowingotherpositiveemotionstocomeinandthatistimeandspaceyou'llnevergetback.Andlifeiswaytooshorttobepissedoff(使生气)allthetime.39
Happinesscannotcomefromhatredoranger.Nobodycansay,“TodayIamhappybecausethismorningIwasangry.”40Theycansay“TodayIamnotveryhappy,becauseIlostmytemperthismorning.”Thisissostraight-forward.Angerintheend,cannotsustain(维持)you.Itcanperhapspropelyouwithenergy,butifyouuseittocreatemoreanger,thenhappinesswillnevercometoyou.
A.Onthecontrary,peoplefeeluneasyandsad.
B.You’reresponsibleforyouranger.
C.You’vefoundtherootcauseofyouranger.
D.Peoplewillfindawaytomakeyouangry.
E.whilefillingyourheadwithabunchofangry,negativethoughts.
F.anditstateshoweasyitistobeangry.
G.You'regoingtodieeventually,sobesmartaboutit!
Whethereatingoutwillcausecertaincancershasremained______;expertsarestillfindingevidencetoprovethetruth.
A.contradictoryB.convincingC.concreteD.controversial
Westronglyadviseyou______eatingyourmealsolate．It'snothealthy．（）
A．onB．againstC．fromD．over
Eatingpopcorninthecinemamaybeirritatingnotjustforfellowmoviegoers,butforadvertisers:agroupofresearchersfromCologneUniversityhasconcludedthatchewingmakesusimmunetofilmadvertising.
Thereasonwhyadsmanagetoimprint(刻上记号)brandnamesonourbrainsis(1)______ourlipsandthetongueautomaticallysimulatethepronunciationofanewnamewhenwefirsthearit.(2)_____________were-encounterthename,ourmouthsubconsciouslypractisesitspronunciation.
However,accordingtothestudy(3)______(publish)intheJournalofConsumerPsychology,this"innerspeech"canbedisturbedbychewing,(4)______(render)therepetitioneffectredundant.
(5)______theirexperiment,theresearchersinvitedagroupof96peopletoacinematowatchamovieprecededbyaseriesofadverts.Halfoftheparticipants(6)______(give)freepopcornthroughoutthesession,theotherhalfonlyreceivedasmallsugarcube(7)______immediatelydissolvedintheirmouths.
Atestattheendofthescreeningshowedthattheadvertshadleftnoeffectonthoseviewerswhohadchewedtheirwaythroughpopcornthroughout,whiletheotherparticipantsshowedpositivepsychologicalresponsestotheproductsthey(8)______(encounter)intheads.
"Themundaneactivityofeatingpopcornmadeparticipantsimmunetothepervasiveeffectsofadvertising,"saidSaschaTopolinski,oneoftheresearchers.
Hegoesasfarasimplyingthathisresearch(9)______spelltheendofthetraditionalpopcornmachineincinemafoyers."Thisfindingsuggeststhatsellingcandyincinemasactuallyunderminesadvertisingeffects,whichcontradictspresentmarketingstrategies.Inthefuture,whenpromotinganovelbrand,advertisingclientsmightconsidertryingtopreventcandy(10)______(sell)beforethemainmovie."
Camelscertainlylikeeatinggreengrass,notdrygrass.But61(strange),camelsalwayskeeplookingfordrygrass62theirstomachsarefilledup.
Aclassmateof63(I)whosehomeisontheedgeofTurpanBasininXinjiangtoldmehishomehastwocamels;hesaidyoucouldimagineacamel’sappetite,foritcanslowlyswallowdozensofkilogramsofhay(干草).Iaskedhim64camelseathay,notgreengrass.Hesaidthecamelisakindofanimalwith65strongsenseofsuffering,66(fear)itsmasterlettingittravelthroughthedesertthenextday,andthehayinitsstomachismorehunger-resistant67greengrass.
Thecamelhasthebesttolerance.Unfortunately,manypeoplecanonlyseeacamel’soutstandingperformance,butfewunderstandits68(prepare)madeforit.
Life,69acameltravelingthroughthedesert,70(need)theadequateaccumulation,butnoteveryonecanunderstandit.
____youstarteatinginahealthierway,weightcontrolwillbecomemucheasier．
A．UnlessB．AlthoughC．BeforeD．Once
Itissurprisingthateatingthreemealsaday--breakfast,lunchanddinner--hasbeenacustomonlysince1890.Beforethistime,theyonlyhadtwomealsaday--breakfastanddinner.
Inthe16thcentury,breakfastwasonlytobreakone’sfast(随便吃一点).But200yearslaterithadbecamealargemeal,notjustforfamily,butfornumbersguestsaswell.Itwasasocialevent.Itbeganat10a.m.andlasteduntil1p.m.Thenbreakfastbegantobelesspopular.Itbecame,instead,alightermealandwastakenatamuchearlierhour.By1850ithadbeenpushedbackto8a.m.andbecameafamilymeal.
Dinner,however,wenttotheotherway.Inthe16thcenturyitwaseatenat11p.m.Yearslater,ithadmovedtotheearlyafternoon,thento5p.m.By1850dinnertimehadreached7p.m.Lunchisarecentidea.Itfirstappearedasasnacktofillthegap(间隙)betweenbreakfastanddinner.
31.Englishpeopledidnothavelunch_______.
A.after1890B.until1890C.in1890D.by1850
32.TheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph3meansthat_______.
A.dinnerdidn’tgotherewithbreakfast
B.dinneristhesamewithbreakfast
C.dinnerisdifferentfrombreakfast
D.dinnertookthesamewaywithbreakfast
33.Thepassageismostlyabout___________.
A.thehistoryofbreakfastB.whatpeopleeatfordinner
C.whatpeopleeatforbreakfastD.thehistoryoflunch
34.Thepassageleadsthereaderstobelievethat__________.
A.after1890peoplecouldn’teatthethreemealsaday
B.ourcustomofmealsisbasedonEnglishcustom
C.breakfastisthemostimportantmealforus
D.thebodycangetusedtotwoorthreemealsaday
Manyparentsworrythattheirchildren’seatinghabitsmaynotbegoodenoughtostayhealthy.Somechildrenaskforthesamefoodoverandoveragain,somemayrefusetotryanythingnew,andsomemaykeepaskingforsnacks(点心).Therefore,havinghealthyeatinghabitsbecomesoneofthemostimportantlessonsachildneedstolearn.Mostparentsstrugglewithmanaginggoodeatinghabitsandnutrition(营养)fortheirchildren.Parentsshouldmakeaplanfortheirchildren’snutritionalneeds.
Startyourchild’sdaywithagoodbreakfast.Breakfastisnecessarytoprovidethenutritionforanactiveday.Studiesshowthatchildrendobetterinstudywhentheybeginadaywithagoodbreakfast.
Allowyourchildtohelpyouplanandprepareameal.Hewillbegladtoeatfoodsthathehashelpedtoputonthetable.
Themealtimeenvironmenthasalottodowithhowyourchildwillfeelaboutfood.Trytoserveyourmealsatthesameplaceatthesametimeofaday.Keepthemealitselfasthemaineventandleavethetoysandtelevisionforlateruse.
Snacksarealsoimportant.Wecangiveourbodyandbrainenergy(能量)byeatingsnacksbetweenmeals.Childrenareoftenhungriestintheafternoonafterschoolandintheevening.
Offersnacksatregulartimebetweenmeals.Thisway,yourchildwon’trefuseamealbecauseheknowsasnackissoontofollow.Moreimportantly,whenofferingsnacks,youshouldbecarefulwithwhattochoose.
9.Themainideaofthesecondparagraphisthat____.
A.mostchildrengotoschoolwithouteatingbreakfast
B.oneshouldn’teattoomuchforbreakfast
C.agoodbreakfastisimportanttochildren
D.mostpeoplehaven’trealizedtheimportanceofhavingagoodbreakfast
10.Tohelptheirchildrenformhealthyeatinghabits,parents____.
A.shouldencouragetheirchildrentoeatmoreoftenatschool
B.canaskthechildrentohelpwithmealplanningandpreparation
C.mustmakethemealtimeenvironmentasquietaspossible
D.shouldservesomesnackswhilehavingameal
11.Whatwouldmostprobablybetalkedaboutinthenextparagraphofthepassage
A.Examplesofhealthysnacks.B.Whysnacksareimportant.
C.Adviceonhowtokeephealthy.D.Whattoeatforlunchandsupper.
Noonewouldmuchliketheideaofeating61poundsoftomatoesaday.Butiftheirgoodnesswasputintoaneasy-to-swallowpillthatyouweretoldmightpreventstrokes(中风)andheartattacksyouwouldprobablybeputtinginanordertomorrow.
Researchersbelievetheymayhavecomeupwithjustthataftertrials.Thedailypillcontainsachemicalcalledlycopenewhichmakestomatoesredandisknowntobreakdownfatinthevessels(血管).ACambridgeUniversitystudyfoundtakingthepillsimprovedbloodflowandtheliningofvesselsinpatientswithpre-existingheartconditions.Italsoincreasedtheflexibility(灵活性)oftheirvesselsby50percent.Thescientistsbelieveitcouldlimitthedamagecausedbyheartdisease-responsiblefor180,000deathsayear-andhelpcutthe49,000deathsayearfromstrokes.Theyalsohopeitcouldbenefitthosewitharthritis(关节炎),diabetes(糖尿病)andevenslowtheprogressofcancer.
Eachpillisequaltoeatingaround61poundsofripetomatoes.StudieshaveshowneatingaMediterranean-styledietrichintomatoesfish,vegetables,nutsandoliveoilcansignificantlyreducecholesterol(胆固醇)andhelppreventcardiovasculardisease.
Preliminaryresultsfromatwo-monthtrial,inwhichthepillwasgivento36heartdiseasepatientsand36healthyvolunteerswithanaverageageof67,werepresentedatameetingoftheAmericanHeartAssociation.Itwasshowntoimprovethefunctionoftheendothelium-thelayerofcellsliningbloodvessels.Italsoimprovedtheirsensitivitytonitricoxide,thegaswhichcausestheenlargementofthevesselsinresponsetoexercise.
IanWilkinson,headofCambridgeUniversity’sclinicaltrialsunit,said“Theseresultsarepotentiallyverysignificantanditmeetsthegoal,butweneedmoretrialstoseeiftheytranslateintofewerheartattacksandstrokes.”
Furtherstudiesareplanned,withresearchershopingitcouldofferachoiceforheartdiseasesuffererswhocannottakethecholesterol-lowingdrugs.
MikeKnapton,headoftheBritishHeartFoundation,said,“Althoughthisshowedlycopeneimprovedbloodflowinpeoplewithheartdisease,that’salongwayfromdemonstratingthattakingitcouldimproveoutcomesforpeoplewithheartdisease.Thebestwaytogetthebenefitsofagooddietistoeatplentyoffreshfruitandvegetables.”
28.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph1
A.Wecaneattoomuchtomatofood.
B.Tomatoesarehelpfultostrokesandheartattacks.
C.Tomatoeswilllosehealthyelementswereputintopills.
D.Wehadbetternoteattomatoes.
29.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethatthepills____.
A.areattheexperimentstageB.cancureallthedisease
C.arewidelyusedamongpatientsD.costpatientssolittlemoney
30.Whowerethevolunteersbytakingpartinthetrial
A.Children.B.Youth.C.Workingpeople.D.Oldhealthypeople.
31.WhatWasIanWilkinson’sopiniononthetrial
A.Disappointing.B.Surprising.C.Satisfactory.D.Terrible.
Youmightwonderhowthey________tolivewithouteatingforsomanymonths.
A．succeededB．managed
C．occurredD．tried
Itissurprisingthateatingthreemealsaday—breakfast,lunchanddinner-hasbeenacustom(习俗)onlysince1890.Beforethistime,peopleonlyhadtwomealsaday—breakfastanddinner.
Inthe16thcentury,breakfastwasonlytobreakone'sfast(随便吃一点).But200yearslaterithadbecomealargemeal,notjustforfamily,butfornumbersofguestsaswell.Itwasasocial(社会的)event.Itbeganat10a.m.andlasteduntil1p.m.Thenbreakfastbegantobelesspopular.Itbecame,instead,alightermealandwastakenatamuchearlierhour.By1850ithadbeenpushedbackto8a.m.andbecameafamilymeal.
Dinner,however,wenttotheotherway.Inthe16thcenturyitwaseatenat11a.m.Yearslater,ithadmovedtotheearlyafternoon,thento5p.m.By1850dinnertimehadreached7p.m.Lunchisarecentidea.Itfirstappearedasasnacktofillthegap(间隙)betweenbreakfastanddinner.
56.Peopledidnothavelunch______.
A.since1890B.after1890C.until1890D.by1890
57."Dinner,however,wenttotheotherway"means"______".
A.Dinnerisdifferentfrombreakfast
B.Dinnertookthesamewaywithbreakfast
C.Dinnerdidn'tgotherewithbreakfast
D.Dinneristhesamewithbreakfast
58.Breakfastbecameafamilymealsincethe_____century.
A.17thB.19thC.16thD.18th
59.Thepassageismostlyconcernedwith(涉及)______.
A.whatpeopleeatforbreakfastB.whatpeopleeatfordinner
C.thehistoryofthethreemealsD.thehistoryofsupper
60.Thepassageleadsustobelievethat______.
A.ourcustomofmealsisbasedonEnglishcustom
B.thebodycanadjustto(适应)twoorthreemealsaday
D.before1890peopledidn'teatthreemealsaday
Eatingtoomuchsugarcan_____healthproblems.Sowemusthaveabalanceddiet.
A.leadtoB.resultfromC.refertoD.devoteto
Newresearchisstrengtheningevidencethateatingvegetablesmaybesomeofthebesthealthadvice.Astudyof500,000Americanshasfoundthatjustoneextraservingoffruitorvegetablesadaymayreducetheriskofdevelopingheadandneckcancer.Manystudieshaveshownthatdietplaysaroleincancer.Cancerexpertsnowbelievethatuptotwo-thirdsofallcancerscomefromlifestylesuchassmoking,dietandlackofexercise.Tobaccoandalcoholuseincreasestheriskofheadandneckcancer,whichaffectsthemouth,nose,sinusesandthroat.
ResearchersattheNationalCancerInstituteaskedmenandwomenaged50andolderabouttheirdiets,thenfollowedthemforfiveyearstorecordalldiagnosesofheadandneckcancer,thesixth-leadingcauseofcancer-relateddeathworldwide.
Thestudyfoundeatingsixservingsoffruitandvegetablesperdayper1,000caloriescuttheriskofheadandneckcancerby29percentcomparedtoeatingoneandahalfservings.Anadultneedsaround2,000caloriesaday.“Onemoreservingoffruitorvegetablesper1,000caloriesperdayreducedheadandneckcancerriskby6percent,”saidNealFreedman,acancerpreventionfellowattheNCI.
Asecondstudyin183,000peopleofCaliforniaandHawaiifoundadiethighinflavonols（黄酮醇）mighthelpreducepancreaticcancer（胰脏癌）risk,especiallyinsmokers.Flavonolsarecommoninplantsbuthighestinonions,apples,berries,kaleandbroccoli.
Thestudyfoundthatpeoplewhoatethemostflavonolsreducedriskofdevelopingpancreaticcancerby23percentthanthosewhoatetheleast.
59.Theword“sinuses”underlinedinthepassagereferstoapartin____.
A.theheadB.thestomachC.thebackD.thelegs
60.AllthefollowingarethecausesoftheheadandneckcancerEXCEPT____.
A.drinkingB.smokingC.lackingexerciseD.eatinganapple
61.Thetruestatementisthat____.
A.allcancersarerelatedtolifestyle
B.smokersshouldoftenhaveonions,applesandberries
C.havingmorevegetablesmeansnocancers
D.sixservingsoffruitandvegetablesperdayareenoughforanadult
62.Themainideaofthepassageis____.
A.abouttheheadandneckcancerB.thepancreaticcancer
C.thedietandhealthD.thehealthydiet
基础写作（共1小题，满分15分）
当今学生身体状况令人担忧：“吃得好，跑不动，跳不高”（eatingwell,runningslowlyandjumpinglow）成为一种很普遍的现象；眼睛近视的(short-sighted)学生大约占到学生人数的三分之二。针对这一现象，教育部在一国范围内全面启动了“全国亿万学生阳光体育活动（Sunshinesportsformillionsofstudentsnationwide）”。
【写作内容】：1、学生身体现状。
2、对该活动的评价：非常有效的措施去帮助解决学生健康问题，对所有学生而言都是难得锻炼机会。
3、建议：学生应该摆脱坏习惯以及进行各种活动训练。
【写作要求】：只能用5个句子表达全部内容。
阅读下列短文,从每小题后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
Eatingtoomuchfattyfood,exercisingtoolittleandsmokingcanraiseyourfutureriskofheartdisease.Butthereisanotherfactorthatcancauseyourheartproblemsmoreimmediately:theairyoubreathe.
Previousstudieshavelinkedhighexposure(暴露）toenvironmentalpollutiontoanincreasedriskofheartproblem,buttwoanalysesnowshowthatpoorairqualitycanleadtoheartattackorstroke(中风）withinaslittleasafewhoursafterexposure.Inonereviewoftheresearch,scientistsfoundthatpeopleexposedtohighlevelsofpollutants(污染物）wereupto5%morelikelytosufferaheartattackwithindaysofexposurethanthosewithlowerexposure.AseparatestudyofstrokepatientsshowedthatevenairthattheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA)considerstobeof“moderate”(良好）qualityandlysafeforourhealthcanraisetheriskofstrokeasmuchas34%within12to14hoursofexposure.
Theauthorsofbothstudiesstressthattheserisksarelysmallforhealthypeopleandcertainlymodestcomparedwithotherriskfactorssuchassmokingandhighbloodpressure.However,itisimportanttobeawareofthesedangersbecauseeveryoneisexposedtoairpollutionregardlessoflifestylechoices.SostricterregulationbytheEPAofpollutantsmaynotonlyimproveenvironmentalairqualitybutcouldalsobecomenecessarytoprotectpublichealth.
58.Thetextmainlydiscussestherelationshipbetween.
A.heartproblemsandairqualityB.heartproblemsandexercising
C.heartproblemsandsmokingD.heartproblemsandfattyfood
59.Theunderlinedword“modest”inParagraph3mostprobablymeans.
A.lyhighB.extremelylow
C.lylowD.extremelyhigh
60.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext
A.Eatingfattyfoodhasimmediateeffectsonyourheart.
B.TheEPAconductedmanystudiesonairquality.
C.Moderateairqualityismoreharmfulthansmoking,
D.Stricterregulationsonpollutantsshouldbemade.
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D中，选出最佳选项。
ChineseandWesterneatinghabitsaredifferent.InChina,thedishesareplacedonthetableandeverybodyshares.Itisalwayspolitetoletguestsorelderlypeopleatthetabletasteeverydishfirst.ButintheWest,everyonehashisorherownplateoffood.
Althoughtherearenostrictrulesonhowtosetchopsticksandspoons,therearesomethingsyoushouldneverdoduringaChinesebanquet(筵席).
Firstlyandmostimportantly,don’tputyourchopsticksuprightinthericebowl.Instead,laythemonyourdish.Thereasonforthisisthatwhenpeopledie,familymembersgivethemabowlfullofricewithapairofchopsticksstickingoutuprightinit.Soifyoustickyourchopsticksinthericebowl,itappearsthatyouwantsomeoneatthetabletodie.
Makesurethespout(容器嘴)oftheteapotisnotfacinganyone,asthisisimpolite.Thespoutshouldalwaysbedirectedtowherenobodyissitting,usuallyjustoutwardfromthetable.
Don’ttaponyourbowlwithyourchopsticks.Beggarstapontheirbowls,sothisisnotpolite.Also,whenthefoodiscomingtooslowinarestaurant,youshouldnottaponyourbowl.Ifyouareinsomeone’shome,itislikeinsultingthecook.
31.WhatisthedifferencebetweenChineseandWesterneatinghabitsaccordingtoParagraph1
A.InChinapeopleareverypolite,whileintheWestpeoplearenotso.
B.InChinapeoplesharethedishes,whileintheWestpeopleeatseparately.
C.InChinapeopleusethechopsticks,whileintheWestpeopleusetheknifeandfork.
D.Noneoftheabove.
32.Whatisthemainideaofthethirdparagraph
A.Thereasonwhychopsticksshouldn’tbeputuprightinthericebowl.
B.TheChineseusechopstickstoeat.
C.TheChineseeatinghabits.
D.Howtousechopsticks.
33.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage
A.Itispolitetotastethedishesbeforetheguestsortheelderly.
B.Youcanputyourchopstickswhereveryouwant.
C.Nevertaponyourbowlswiththechopsticksduringthemeal.
D.Teenagerscansticktheirchopsticksinthericebowl.
34.Theunderlinedword“insulting”inthelastparagraphprobablymeans“_________”.
A.playingjokesonB.laughingatC.treatingbadlyD.lookingdownupon
35.Whyisitimpolitetotaponyourbowlwhenyoueatinafriend’shome
A.Becauseitmeansthatyoudon’trespectthecook.
B.Becauseitmeansthatsomebodywilldie.
C.Becausetappingonthebowlwillbringbadluck.
D.Becauseitmeansthatyourfriendisabeggar.
Tosome,it’sadreamjob---eatingdeliciousmealsforfreeandthenwritingaboutthem.Butforsomefoodcritics,theireyesaren’ttheonlythingthatgetswidewithyetanotherfeast.
KarenFernau,afoodwriterforTheArisonaRepublic,saidwhenshefirststartedherjobshebegantogainweight.“Ialwayslookedforwardtolunchbeforethisjob,thenallofasuddenlunchwasalldayeveryday.”shesays.Nineyearslater,keepingherweightsteadyandherhealthintact(完好无损的)isadailybattle.Ifsheknowsshewillbegoingtoatastingatabakeryoreatingafour-coursemeal,sheusuallyeatsfruitsorsaladsthroughouttheday.Nowsheisalwayskeepingtrackofwhat’sinthefoodsheeatsandshesaysmostpeopledon’tevenlookatorconsiderit.Atonetastingtaskalone,shesays,upwardof1,000caloriesisoftenaddedtoherday.That’sabouthalfoftherecommendedtotalcaloriesperdayfortheaverageadult.
Buteventhoughshe’sthoughtofaspecialeatingmethod,Fernausaysstickingtoitisadailybattle.Andfoodeditors,writersandcriticsacrossthecountrycouldn’tagreemore.“WhenI’mathomeornoteatingforwork,it’shealthyfoodtotheextreme,”saysPhilVettel,who’sbeenarestaurantcriticfortheChicagoTribunefor19years.
Vettle,whoeatsdinneratfourrestaurantseachweek,saysunlikemostprofessions,hehasnorighttochoose.“IfI’mgoingouttoeat,Ican’tchoosethehealthiestthingonthemenu,Ihavetoeatwhenthey’rebringingme.”WhileVettelexerciseswhenhecan,JoeYonan,afoodeditoratTheWashingtonPost,hasstrengthenedhisexercisehabitssincehestartedthejobtwoyearsago.Yonansaysherealizedearlyonthathewasgainingweightandimmediatelyhiredapersonaltrainertomeetwiththreetimesaweek,ontopofhisbodytrainingthreetofivetimesaweek.
Still,it’sastrugglethatmanyAmericansmightenvy.Afterall,it’sonethingtogetyourcaloriesfromlobster(龙虾)tailsoradelicate(精致的)chocolatecookieandquiteanothertogetthemfromsodasandfast-foodburgers.
50.WhatdoestheunderlinedsentencemeaninPara1
A.Thefoodcriticsarealwaysimpressedbythedeliciousfoodintherestaurant.
B.Thefoodcriticsareshockedtolearntheyhavetohaveonemorefeast.
C.Thereisawidevarietyofchoicesforthefoodcriticstochoosefrom.
D.Thefoodcriticseatdeliciousfood,whichalsotendstoresultingainingweight.
51.Whatcanwelearnaboutthejobofbeingafoodcritic
A.Theyenjoyfreeanddeliciousdishesandmakecommentsonthem.
B.Theyonlyworkforlocalmagazinesandnewspapers.
C.Oncetheybecomefoodcritics,theytendtostayinthejob.
D.Theirexcellentsenseoftastemakesthemqualifiedforthejob.
52.Whatismentionedtobeamethodthatfoodwritersusetokeepfit
A.Noteatinganythingexceptforthefreemeals.
B.Writingdowneverythingtheyputintotheirmouth.
C.Hiringapersonaltrainerforspecialexerciseinstructions.
D.Choosingonlythehealthyfoodonthemenu.
53.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph
A.Nomatterwhetherthefoodisexpensiveornot,thegainingofcaloriesisthesame.
B.Thecaloriesthatlobstertailsandchocolatecookiescontainarelessharmful.
C.Americansenvythosefoodcriticssincetheyenjoydelicateandtastyfood.
D.Everybodyshouldtakethecaloriesintheirfoodcarefully.
54.What’sthemainideaofthepassage
A.Ajobofferingfreemealsmaynotbeasdesirableasitsoundstobe.
B.Dishesintherestaurantusuallycontaintoomanycalories.
C.Eatingfruitsandvegetableseverydayisthebestwaytoloseweight.
D.Foodwritersworkhardtomaintaintheirhealthandweight.
ThepracticeofeatingricedumplingsonDragonBoatFestival________fromastoryseveralthousandyearsago.
A.estimatesB.luresC.derivesD.rescues
Eatingtoomuchmeatwillmakeyouputon_____weight.You’dbettergoon_____diet.
A./;/B.a;/C./;aD.a;a
Bluecancausepeopletoloseappetite.Soeating________blueplatescanhelptoeatless.
A.inB.withC.fromD.of
Healthyeatingaswellasregularexercise______agoodwaytokeephealthy.
A.isB.wasC.areD.were
Eastingtoomuchfatcan_____heartdiseaseandcausehighbloodpressure.
A.contributetoB.causetoC.attendtoD.devoteto
Eatingtoomuchfatcan____heartdiseaseandcausehighbloodpressure.
A.relatetoB.contributetoC.attendtoD.devoteto
根据句意，请结合所给中文选择合适的词或用所给词的正确形式填空。
46.Eatingmorevegetablesandfruitsisb________toourhealth.（根据首字母单词拼写）
47.I’dliketoexpressmysincerec________onyouradmissiontoakeyuniversity.（根据首字母单词拼写）
48.Youneedtoslowdownandexplainthep________questioninanorganizedway.(根据首字母单词拼写)
49.Atthiscriticalmoment,wearewaitingforthegrouptodecideratherthanmakingi________decisions.（根据首字母单词拼写）
50.I’veacceptedthejoboverthephone,butithasn’tbeen________(确认)inwritingyet.（根据汉语提示单词拼写）
51.Afterheretired,hereturnedtoIreland,wherehis________（祖先）hadlivedforyears.（根据汉语提示单词拼写）
52.Talkingwiththeonesyoutrust________（使能够）youtoletgoofyourbadfeelings.（根据汉语提示单词拼写）
53.Wemayfinishthetaskonscheduleonthe________(假设)thatwecanspeedupbyaddingmorepeople.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)
54.WespenttheChristmasholidaysexploringthecityandseeingthe________(装饰)thattheyhaveputup.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)
55.Themost________(有重大意义的)thingyoushouldkeepinmindisthatmostofthequestionsareeasyifyoumakeuseofcorrectmethods.（根据汉语提示单词拼写）
Thenursewasthatshewas________sweatingalloverintheprotectionsuit.
A.unawareB.unsureC.fascinatedD.inspired
阅读下面短文，从短文后选项中选出可填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
MindlessEating:Youmayalsobeamindlesseater!
Everyoneofushasmomentsofmindlesseating.Forexample,youmayunintentionallymunchthroughawholebagofchipswhilewatchingTV.____36____Peopletendtoreachoutforfoodasaneasilyavailablewhentheyareupset,boredorstressful.However,whenweconsumevarioussnacksmechanically,weendupfeelingmoreunhappyandevenguilty.
Mindfuleating:enjoyyourfood!
____37____Itmeanspayingattentiontothepresentmomentwithcuriosity,opennessaswellaskindness.Itmeansbeingpresentwithyourfoodandeatingprocesswithallyourconsciousnessandawareness.
Beforeeating,youshouldassesswhetheryouarehungryornot.Askyourselfhonestly:AmItrulyphysicallyhungryordoIjustwanttousefoodasawaytoescapetheunwantedfeelingshiddeninthedepthofmyheartIfitisso,whataretheyBoredom,depression,stressorfear____38____
Youshouldeatonlywhenyouarehungry.
Duringtheeatingprocess,youshouldeatslowlywithoutdistractionsofanykind.Don'twatchTVorbegluedtoyourcellphonescreens.____39____Chewandsavoreachandeverybiteandfullyappreciatethismoment.
Itisalsoveryimportantthatyoushouldneverlosetrackofyourfeelings:feelthedecreaseinhungerandincreaseinfullnessofyourstomach.Abouthalfwaythroughthemeal,youneedtocheckinwithyourselfandaskthequestion:AmIsatisfiedDoIneedtokeepeatingStopwhenyouaresatisfiedandnolongerhungry.____40____
Startpracticemindfuleatingnowandyouwillbenefitalotfromit!
A.Alwaysrememberthosenegativeemotionswillnevergethandledbysimplyeatingfood.
B.Instead,youshoulddirectallyourattentiontothefoodinfrontofyou.
C.Thisconsciouscheck-inandhonestself-inquiryhaveprovedtobeeffectiveinpreventingovereating.
D.Mindfulnessisexactlytheoppositeofmindlessness.
E.Youshouldoftenkeepinmindyoumustfeelyourlevelofhunger.
F.However,youshouldchoosethosehealthierstuffthatcanenergizeyourbody.
G.Moreoftenthannot,weeatnotbecauseofhungerbutforcomfort.
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个单词或括号内单词的正确形式每空最多填3个单词。
Eatinganunhealthydietmightbemoredeadlythansmoking,astudyfinds.
Morethan130scientistsstudiedpeople’seatinghabitsin195countries,andheldthestrong____61____(believe)thatpoorunhealthyeatingisresponsiblefor20%ofall____62____(die)worldwide.Thatmakesunhealthyeatingmoredangerousthananyothercauseofdisease.
Partoftheproblemis____63____peopleareeating,likemeat,salt,sugarydrinks,andotherunhealthyfoods,includingthose____64____(contain)lotsoffat.Peoplearefillingtheirbodies____65____toomuchofthewrongkindsoffood.Ingeneral,peopleareeating86%moresaltthantheyshould.Whilesaltisa____66____(necessary)toourbody,toomuchcanleadtoheartdisease.Saltsometimescanbeverytricky,becauseunlikeeatingmeatordrinkingasugarydrink,youmaynotknowyou’reeating____67____.Mostofthesaltpeopleeathasalreadybeenaddedtofooditemsbythecompaniesthatmakethem.
Butabiggerproblem____68____(be)whatpeoplearenoteating,suchasnuts,fruits,andvegetables.
LeadscientistDrAshkanAfshinsaid,“Eatingtoomanyfattyandsugaryfoodsaffectspeoplefromallwalksoflife.Wearepointingouttheimportanceoflowconsumption(食用)ofhealthyfoodsascomparedtothegreaterconsumptionofunhealthyfoods.”
Thescientistssaygovernmentscan’tjustcallonpeople____69____(eat)healthily.Theyalsosuggestthatfarmers_____70_____(encourage)togrowmoreofthekindsoffoodsthatpeopleneedtoeat.
Imagineeatingeverythingdeliciousyouwant–withnoneofthefat.Thatwouldbegreat,wouldn’tit
New"fakefat"productsappearedonstoreshelvesintheUnitedStatesrecently,butnoteveryoneishappyaboutit.Makersoftheproducts,whichcontainacompoundcalledolestra,sayfoodmanufacturerscannoweliminatefatfromcertainfoods.Critics,however,saythenewcompoundcanrobthebodyofessentialvitaminsandnutrientsandcanalsocauseunpleasantsideeffectsinsomepeople.Soit’suptoconsumerstodecidewhetherthenewfat-freeproductstastegoodenoughtokeepeating.
Chemistsdiscoveredolestrainthelate1960s,whentheyweresearchingforafatthatcouldbedigestedbyinfantsmoreeasily.Insteadoffindingthedesiredfat,theresearcherscreatedafatthatcan’tbedigestedatall.
Normally,specialchemicalintheintestines（肠）"grab"moleculesofregularfatandbreakthemdownsotheycanbeusedbythebody.Amoleculeofregularfatismadeupofthreemoleculesofsubstancescalledfattyacids.
ThefattyacidsareabsorbedbytheintestinesandbringwiththemtheessentialvitaminsA,D,EandK.Whenfatmoleculesarepresentintheintestineswithanyofthosevitamins,thevitaminsattachtothemoleculesandarecarriedintothebloodstream.
Olestra,whichismadefromsixtoeightmoleculesoffattyacids,istoolargefortheintestinestoabsorb.Itjustslidesthroughtheintestineswithoutbeingbrokendown.Manufacturerssayit’sthatabilitytoslideunchangedthroughtheintestinesthatmakesolestrasovaluableasafatsubstitute.Itprovidesconsumerswiththetasteofregularfatwithoutanybadeffectsonthebody.ButcriticssayolestracanpreventvitaminsA,D,EandKfrombeingabsorbed.Itcanalsopreventtheabsorptionofcarotenoids（类胡萝卜素）,compoundsthatmayreducetheriskofcancer,heartdisease,etc.
ManufacturersareaddingvitaminsA,D,EandKaswellascarotenoidstotheirproductsnow.Evenso,somenutritionistsarestillconcernedthatpeoplemighteatunlimitedamountsoffoodmadewiththefatsubstitutewithoutworryingabouthowmanycaloriestheyareconsuming.
63.Fromthearticle,welearnthatolestra______.
A.isnutritious,containingplentyofcarotenoids
B.rendersfoodscalorie-freewhileretainingtheirvitamins
C.helpsfoodstobehighlyabsorbentanddigestible
D.makesfoodsfat-freewhilekeepingthemdelicious
64.Theresultofthesearchforaneasilydigestiblefatturnedouttobe______.
A.commerciallyuselessB.scientificallychallenging
C.somewhattroublesomeD.quiteunexpected
65.Olestraisdifferentfromordinaryfatsinthat______.
A.itpassesthroughtheintestineswithoutbeingabsorbed
B.itfacilitatestheabsorptionofvitaminsbythebody
C.ithelpsreducetheincidenceofheartdisease
D.itpreventsexcessiveintakeofvitamins
66.Withvitaminsaddedtoolestra,nutritionistsareleftwiththeconcernthat______.
A.itmayleadtotheover-consumptionofvitamins.
B.peoplemaybeinducedtoeatmorethanisnecessary.
C.thefunctionoftheintestinesmaybeweakened.
D.itmaytriggeranewwaveoffakefoodproduction.
Itissurprisingthateatingthreemealsaday-breakfast,lunchanddinner-hasbeenacustomonlysince1890.Beforethistime,peopleonlyhadtwomealsaday-breakfastanddinner.
Inthe16thcentury,breakfastwasonlytobreakone’sfast(随便吃一点).But200yearslaterithadbecomealargemeal,notjustforfamily,butfornumbersofguestsaswell.Itwasasocialevent.Itbeganat10a.m.andlasteduntil1p.m.Thenbreakfastbegantobelesspopular.Itbecame,instead,alightermealandwastakenatamuchearlierhour.By1850ithadbeenpushedbackto8a.m.andbecameafamilymeal.
Dinner,however,wenttotheotherway.Inthe16thcenturyitwaseatenat11a.m.Yearslater,ithadmovedtotheearlyafternoon,thento5p.m.By1850dinnertimehadreached7p.m.Lunchisarecentidea.Itfirstappearedasasnacktofillthegapbetweenbreakfastanddinner.
28.Peopledidnothavelunch________.
A.after1890B.until1890C.since1890D.by1890
29.“Dinner,however,wenttotheotherway”means________
A.Dinnerdidn’tgotherewithbreakfast
C.Dinnerisdifferentfrombreakfast
30.Thepassageismostlyabout________.
A.whatpeopleeatforbreakfastB.thehistoryofthethreemeals
C.thehistoryofsupperD.whatpeopleeatfordinner
31.Breakfastbecameafamilymealsincethe________century.
A.19thB.18thC.17thD.16th
七选五(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
Eatingtogetherasafamilyisararethingthesedays.___16___.OnceIstartmyownfamily,I’lldefinitelydoanythingpossibletoestablishatraditionofeatingtogetherasafamily.Here’swhy.
___17___
Whenyoueattogetherasafamilyeachday,yourchildrenwilllearntorespectbothparents.Theyknowyoutwoarebusy,butstillfindtimetosharemealswiththem.
Learngoodtablemanners
Whenyouhavesmallkids,eatingtogetherasafamilyisaneasywaytoshowandteachthemgoodtablemanners,ofcourse,ifyoursaregood.___18___,howtobeontimesothatotherfamilymembersdon’tstarve,andhowtobehaveatthetable.Youwanttobeproudofyourgrown-upkids,don’tyou
Createwonderfulmemories
___19___.Theywillknowhowimportantitistoeattogetherasafamily,andwilldefinitelyteachtheirkidstodothesame.Yourfamilytraditionofsharingmealstogetherasafamilywillpassdownfromgenerationtogeneration.
Therearemanybenefitsofeatingtogetherasafamilythatmanyofusdidn’teventhinkabout.Teachyourchildrentoappreciatefamilytimeandfood,andshowthemhowtobehavewellatthetable.___20___.
A.RespectbothMomandDad
B.Yourchildrenwilllearnwhenit’sbesttoeat
C.Theywillthankyoudowntheroad
D.Parentsarealwaysbusyandkidshavetheirownplans
E.Whenyoueattogether,youdoeatthosehealthymealstoo
F.Whenyourchildrengrowup,theywillneverforgetthosefunnyandpreciousfamilymealtimes
G.It’sanexcellentopportunitytobecomeafamilyunitandimproveyourrelationshipwithkids
GrowingupinAmerica,Ienjoyedthe____41____ofeatingthemostattractive,____42____foodsofthe20thcentury,includingallthecandiesweoftenseenearthecashregister.
DuringthosetimesIwasn'tawarehowbadsugarwas,andinfact,____43____wasanyonearoundme.SoIcontinuedtospreadjamonmytoastandeaticecreamdaily.
Strangelyenough,Ifeltthatsweetwassomesortofwonderfuldrug:itgavemetheenergyto____44____properly,tofeelgoodandtoperformatmybest,allofwhichseemednecessaryforgrowth.Sowhyavoidit
Yearslater,hugefoodcompanies,likeGeneralMillsandPost,began____45____moresugarintotheirproducts,andthenmoreandmorepeopleappearedwithbiggerbellies.Itfinallycametomy____46____thatoursocietywasbecomingmoremiserableand____47____Andfromwhat
Fromsugar!
Ibegantodosomeresearchintosugarandwhatitdidexactlytoourbodies.Tomyamazement,Ifounditsdamagewasjustasbadas,ifnotworsethan,whatalcoholandcigarettes____48____.Yousee,whenyoutakeinmoresugarthanyouneedorburn,yourbodyandbrainbecomeover-active.This,____49____,causesyourcognitiveabilitiestoslowdown,yourmoodtogettotheextremes,yourskinto_____50_____faster,yourbloodtobecome_____51_____andliverandkidneystobe_____52_____.
Butwhatsurprisedmemost,outofallofthesehorriblesideeffects,wasthatsugaraddsextrapoundstoyourwaistline,_____53_____youdoexerciseregularly.AndwhatI'vealwayswanted,forthepastfewyears,isto_____54_____thatextrafataroundmy“lovehandles”sothatIcouldfinallyseemyabs(腹肌).
Ijustdidn'tknow,thiswholetime,what_____55_____Ihadbeendoingtomyselfandmydreams,butIknewIhadtodosomething.SomethingIhadneverdonebefore.
41.A.conversationB.convenienceC.constructionD.content
42.A.well-paidB.well-knownC.well-packagedD.well-done
43.A.neitherB.eitherC.allD.both
44.A.playB.functionC.talkD.try
45.A.pumpingB.squeezingC.pushingD.extending
46.A.viewB.expectationC.awarenessD.belief
47.A.unfitB.unsafeC.unbelievableD.unattractive
48.A.broughtupB.broughtoutC.broughtaboutD.broughtin
49.A.inuseB.insurpriseC.infactD.ineffect
50.A.ageB.brightenC.darkenD.shorten
51.A.quieterB.fasterC.lighterD.thicker
52.A.wornoutB.pickedoutC.workedoutD.heldout
53.A.thereforeB.otherwiseC.evenifD.asif
54.A.destroyB.removeC.regainD.forget
55.A.benefitB.effectC.damageD.injury
Thescientistswhore-engineeredtheplastic-eatingenzyme(酶)PETasehavenowcreatedanewenzymecalled“cocktail”,whichcandigestplasticuptosixtimesfaster.
PETasebreaksdownPETbackintoitsbuildingblocks,creatinganopportunitytorecycleplasticandreduceplasticpollution.PETisthemostcommonthermoplastic(热塑性塑料)usedtomakesingle-usedrinksbottles,whichtakeshundredsofyearstobreakdownintheenvironment,butPETasecanshortenthistimetodays.Theinitialdiscoverysetuptheprospectofarevolutioninplasticrecycling,creatingapotentiallow-energysolutiontotackleplasticwaste.
Now,thesametrans-AtlanticteamhavecombinedPETaseandits“partner”,asecondenzymecalledMHETase,togeneratemuchbiggerimprovements:simplymixingPETasewithMHETasedoubledthespeedofPETbreakdown,andengineeringaconnectionbetweenthetwoenzymestocreatea“super-enzyme”,increasedthisactivitybyafurtherthreetimes.
Theteamwasco-ledbythescientistswhoengineeredPETase,ProfessorJohnMcGeehanandDrGreggBeckham.ProfessorMcGeehansaid:“GreggandIwerechattingabouthowPETaseattacksthesurfaceoftheplasticsandMHETasechopsthingsupfurther,soitseemednaturaltoseeifwecouldusethemtogether.Ourfirstexperimentsshowedthattheydidworkbettertogether,sowedecidedtophysicallylinkthem.Ittookagreatdealofwork,butitwasworththeeffort—weweredelightedtoseethatournewenzymeisuptothreetimesfasterthantheseparateenzymes.”
TheoriginalPETaseenzymediscoveryindicatedthefirsthopethatasolutiontotheglobalplasticpollutionproblemmightbewithingrasp,thoughPETasealoneisnotyetfastenoughtohandlethetonsofPETbottles.Combiningitwithasecondenzyme,andfindingtogethertheyworkevenfaster,meansanotherleapforwardhasbeentakentowardsfindingasolutiontoplasticwaste.PETaseandthenewcombinedMHETase-PETasebothworkbydigestingPETplastic.Thisallowsforplasticstobemadeandreusedendlessly,reducingourrelianceonfossil(化石)resources.
12.Whatcanwelearnabout“cocktail”fromthetext
A.Itdoublesthebreakdownofplastics.
B.Ittakeshundredsofyearstobreakdown.
C.Itcontributestobreakingdownplasticquickly.
D.Itdealswiththeplasticwastethreetimesfaster.
13.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout
A.AnewstudyofPET.B.ThebreakdownofPET.
C.ThediscoveryofPETase.D.ThefunctionsofPETase.
14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“It”inParagraph4referto
A.Co-leadingthetrans-Atlanticteam.B.CombiningPETaseandMHETase.
C.Attackingthesurfaceoftheplastics.D.Talkingaboutconductingexperiments.
15.Whatcanweinferfromthetext
A.PETpollutionisnolongeradifficultproblemtodealwith.
B.Newenzymeisspeedingupourrelianceonfossilresources.
C.MHETase-PETasemakestheworldfreefromplasticpollution.
D.Plastic-eatingenzyme“cocktail”promisesnewhopeforplasticwaste.
Healthyeating,likemanythings,doesn'thavetobeanall-or-nothingenterprise.Ifyou'relookingtoeathealthier,hereareafewsimplethingsyoucandothatdon'tinvolveanextremediet.
Figureouttheproblem.
It'simportanttoknowwhatyou'retryingtofix.Youwouldjustfirstofallgettotherootoftheproblemandseewhatthemainobstaclesare.___35___Ifyoudecidethatyouspendtoomuchtimemindlesslysnacking,maybeit'sbecauseyourmealsaren'tfillingenough,oryouneedmorenutritionally-balancedsnacksaround.
Startsmall,
Makeoneortwochangestoyourdailyroutineandseehowthatgoes.Ifit'sdoableandsustainable,tryaddinganotherchangeandseehowthatfeels.___36___Ifthehabityouaredevelopingiscustomized(定制)toyou，toyourlifestyle，tohowyoufeelandtoyourreality,itwillbeeasyforyoutorepeatitandtomakeitahabit.
_____37_____
Wehavebecomeincreasinglydependentuponprocessedandconvenientrestaurantmeals.Ourtastebuds(味蕾)cancometolongforthesehigh-fat，high-saltfood.Cookingmoreoftencanoftenimproveyourdietaryqualityanddecreaseyourrelianceuponthesefoods.
Addsomefibre.
Manyofusfeel"fullandenergized"afterahigh-fibremealorsnack.Rememberthatfibrefillsusuponfewcalories.___38___High-fibredietshavebeenlinkedtoarangeofhealthbenefits,includingprotectingagainstdisease.Weshouldchoosewholegrains,andaddchiaseedstothingslikecerealoryogurttoboosttheirfibrecontent.
Usesmallerplates.
Usingsmallerplatesatmealtimeisaneasythingtodothatcanbringusbigbenefits.___39___Makesurethathalfyourplateiscoveredinfruitsorveggies.
Makeacommitmenttofocusonlife-longbehaviourchangeusingstrategiesthatarehealthy,enjoyableandthereforesustainable.
A.Cookmoreathome.
B.Relyonrestaurantmeals.
C.It'saboutbuildingnewhabits.
D.Then,youcanlookatthecause.
E.Youcanturntoyourfriendsforhelpifnecessary.
F.Itslowsdigestion，lowerscholesterol(胆固醇)andstabilizesbloodsugars.
G.Thiswillhelptocontrolportion(食物的一份)sizessothatyoucanbeamoremindfuleater.
MostNewYorkerswouldn’tdreamofeatingafishfromNewYorkHarbor.Butithasn’talwaysbeenthatway.WhenHenryHudsonenteredNewYorkHarborin1609,hehadtosailtheHalfMoonaround220,000acresofoysterreefs（生蚝礁）,whichhadfedthelocalLenapepeopleforgenerations.Butallthatchangedduetooverharvestingandafloodofpollutioninthewater.Theoysterreefsdisappeared,andtheharborbecameano-gozoneinNewYorkers’minds.
Buttoday,ateamofhighschoolstudents,scientistsandvolunteersareworkingtochangethat.“Throughtheworkofrestoring（使恢复）abillionoysters,wehopetoreintroducetheharborintotheawarenessofNewYorkers,”saysPeteMalinowski,directoroftheBillionOysterProject,whichaimstore-establishoysterreefsintheharbor.
Muchofthepollutionintheharbortodaycomesfromsewageoverflows（污水溢出）,whichoccurwhenheavyrainsdestroythecity’scombinedsewagesystem,leavingwastewaterflowingintotheharbor.Sewagecontainsalotofnitrogen（氮）,animportantnutrient（滋养物）forplantsandanimals.Buttoomuchnitrogenbringstoomuchseaweed,whichdrawsoxygenoutofthewatertocreateso-calleddeadzones.
Oystersaremorethanjustapopularfood.Theyalsohelpcleanthewater.Theycanremovenitrogenandabsorbitintotheirshellsandtissue.Nearoysterreefs,thewaterisoftenclearer.
ThegoaloftheBillionOysterProjectistohave1billionoystersintheharborby2035.Theystillprobablywon’tbesafetoeat.ButtheprojectisusingthisefforttoeducatethenextgenerationofNewYorkersabouttheharborandtoencourageinterestinrestoringandprotectingit.
8.Whatcanweinferaboutoystersin1609
A.TheyweregotridofbyHenryHudson.
B.TheywereraisedbytheLenapepeople.
C.TheywereveryrichinNewYorkHarbor.
D.TheyweredislikedbymostNewYorkers.
9.Whatisthethirdparagraphmainlyabout
A.ThecausesofadirtyNewYorkHarbor.
B.TheoutdatedsewagesysteminNewYork.
C.Theimportantnutrientforplantsandanimals.
D.TheovergrowthofseaplantsinNewYorkHarbor.
10.Howdooysterscleanupwater
A.Byeatingseaplants.B.Bytakinginnitrogen.
C.Bydrinkingwastewater.D.Byabsorbingoxygenfromtheair.
11.WhatisthepurposeoftheBillionOysterProject
A.ToimproveNewYork’ssewagesystem.
B.TorestoretheoysterbusinessinNewYork.
C.Toraisepeople’sawarenessofNewYorkHarbor.
D.Toencouragestudentsinresearchonseacreatures.
Whenyouareawayfromhome,eatingismorethanjustawaytokeepyourstomachfull.____36____Thereisnobetterwaytosay,“Gladtomeetyou...gladtobedoingbusinesswithyou...”
Clearly,mealtimeisnotthetimeforyoutosay“Thanks,butnothanks.”Whenyouareinaforeigncountry,sayingyestothefoodonyourplateisimportant.____37____That'swhymostexperiencedtravelerstrytoeateverythingeverywhere,evenifthedishlooksstrange.
WhatwouldpeopleintheUnitedStatesthinkofavisitorwhodidn’twanttotryabiteofhomemadeapplepieorasteakWhatwouldtheythinkofaguestwhodidn'twanttotastealobster(龙虾)Alobster,forexample,mayremindpeopleofsomethingfromasciencefictionmovie,notsomethingyoueatwithmeltedbutter.Weoftenfeeluncomfortablewithfoodthatweareunfamiliarwith.____38____Forinstance,sheep'seyeballsmaybeunfamiliarinsomepartsoftheworld,butinSaudiArabia,theyareadelicacy(佳肴).
____39____Mostexperiencedbusinesstravelerssayno.Youshouldatleasttakeafewbites.Ithelps,though,tocutthingsintoverythinslices.Thisway,youwon'tnoticethetexture(口感)orrememberwhereitcamefrom.Or“Swallowitquickly,”asonetravelerrecommends.
Anotherusefulpieceofadviceisthis:It'sbetterifyoudon'tknowwhatyouareeating.____40____Avoidglancingintothekitchenorlookingatrestaurantmenus.Yourhostwillbeveryhappybecauseyouareeatingthefoodthatheorsheoffers.
A.Don'taskwhat'sfordinner.
B.Eatallthefoodonyourplate.
C.Itisimpolitetostareatrestaurantmenus.
D.Canyourefusesuchfoodwithoutbeingrude
E.Sharingamealwithothersisakindofcommunication.
F.Itmeansthatyouacceptthehost,thecounty,andthecompany.
G.However,foodthatseemsstrangeinoneculturemaybeafavoritefoodinanother.
Anewreportconnectseatingeggstoanincreasedriskofheartdisease.Theresultsfollowseveralearlierstudiesthatfoundeatingeggswasgenerallyhealthy.Thestudycollectsdatafromsixotherearlierstudies.Itshowsa6percentincreasedriskofheartdiseasewhenthenumberofeggsapersonateeachdayincreasedbyhalfanegg.
NorrinaAllen,anassociateprofessoratNorthwesternUniversitysaidthat,intheUnitedStates,eggsaregenerallyoneofthetopsourcesofcholesterol(胆固醇)inaperson’sdailyfood.Peoplewithhigherlevelsofcholesterolintheirfoodareatincreasedriskofthedevelopmentofheartdiseaselaterinlife.However,Allenaddedthatshewouldnotsaythateggsarecompletelyunhealthy.“I’mnotsayingthatpeopleshouldtakethemcompletelyoutoftheirfood,”shesaid.“I’mjustsuggestingthatpeopleeattheminaproperamount.”
Someexpertsbelievethenewstudydoesnotprovethateggsarecausingheartdisease.“Cholesterol’sroleinthedevelopmentofheartdiseasehasbeendiscussedformorethan30years,”saidBruemmer,anassociateprofessorofmedicineattheUniversityofPittsburghMedicalCenter.“Thisstudydoeshaveclearshortcomings,includingself-reportingatasingletimepoint,”headded.
Bruemmersaid,“Eggsinmoderation(适度)areprobablyacceptablefromanutritionalstandpoint.”“Moderation,”headded,“islessthanoneeggaday,includingeggsinfoodssuchasbread”.
HollyAndersen,adoctorattheNewYork-Presbyterian/WeillCornellMedicalCenter,agreesthatthestudyhas“realshortcomings”.OneproblemAndersenhaswiththestudyisthatalotoftheegg-eatingpeopleinthestudyalsoappearedtobeeatingmuchmeatandprocessedmeat.“Ifyou’retakingalotofprocessedmeat,itdoesn’tmatterhowmanyeggsyou’reeating,”Andersensaid.
Also,Andersensaid,“Thestudycanonlyshowthereisarelationbetweeneggseatingandheartdisease.Butitcannotproveeggsarethecauseofthedisease.Itmayjustbethatpeopleeatingalotofeggsarealsotakingalotofbacon.”
32.WhatdoesNorrinaAllenagreewith
A.Eggsarecompletelyunhealthy.
B.Eggscontainthemostcholesterol.
C.Eggsshouldbeeateninarightamount.
D.Eggshavenoconnectionwithheartdisease.
33.WhatisBruemmer’sattitudetowardsthestudy
A.Interested.B.Doubtful.C.Concerned.D.Hopeful.
34.WhatcanwelearnfromHollyAndersen’swords
A.Eggsandmeatcannotbeeatentogether.
B.Processedmeatmaycauseheartdisease.
C.Processedmeatshouldbeavoided.
D.Thestudyissupportedbyevidence.
35.What’sthebesttitleofthetext
A.Doeggscauseheartdisease
B.Areeggsthetopsourceofcholesterol
C.What’stheproperamountofeggseaten
D.Isthecholesteroltoblameforheartdisease
Healthyeatingalongwith_________exerciseisprobablytheonlywaytobecome_________.
A.often;fitB.regular;suitableC.often;suitableD.regular;fit
Eatinghealthyandbalancedfoodinschoolcanhelpkidsperformwellintheirclasses.______16______.Asaparent,youcanencourageyourkidstoeatwellinschoolbyeducatingthemathomeandgettinginvolvedintheirschool’smealprograms.
1.Talktoyourkidsaboutgoodnutrition.
Ifyouencouragehealthyeatinghabitsathome,itwillbemucheasierforyourkidstomakegoodchoicesatschool.Talkwithyourkidsaboutthebenefitsofeatinghealthyfoodsandtherisksofchoosingunhealthyones.______17______.Eatmealstogetherasafamilyandletyourkidsseeyoumakinggoodfoodchoices.
2.______18______.
Kidseatinghealthilyathomewillhaveaneasiertimedevelopinggoodeatinghabits.Servebalancedmealswithacombinationoffiber,proteinsandothernutrition.Makesureyourchildhasaccesstohealthysnacksincasetheygethungrybetweenmeals.______19______.
3.Getinvolvedwithschoolmealprograms.
Parent-teacherorganizationsplayanimportantpartinschoolnutritionprograms._________20_________.Forexample,youmaybeabletoworkwiththeorganizationtodesigntheschool’smenu.
A.Providehealthyfoodsathome.
B.Beingagoodrolemodelisalsoanimportantpart.
C.Becomeamemberandfindouthowyoucantakeapart.
D.Itcanalsohelpkidsdevelophealthyeatinghabitsforlife.
E.Getstudentsinvolvedinthedevelopmentofschoolmeals.
F.Teachersandstudentscanworktogethertoencouragestudentstoeatbetter.
G.Avoidkeepingjunkfoodsaroundthehouse,suchascandyandsugarydrinks.
（2021·山东泰安市·高三一模）
Eatingabigbreakfastcouldhelpyoubumdoublecaloriesthanifyoueatalargermealatdinner.
ResearchersatLubeckUniversityfoundfillingupinthemorning36．(boost)ametabolism(代谢)processknownasdiet-inducedthermogenesis(饮食生热效应).DITreferstothenumberofcaloriesthebodyexpendstoheatthebodyanddigestfood.Itwasshowntobetwiceashighforthose37．atemoreatbreakfastthanatdinner.ThefindingspublishedintheJournalofClinicalEndocrinologyandMetabolism38．(base)onalaboratoryexperimentof16men.Thestudyaddstoincreasingevidencethatthebestwayoflosingweightistoeatyour39．(large)mealinthemorning—andyoursmallestintheevening.
DrRichtersaid:“Eatingmoreatbreakfastinsteadofdinnercouldpreventobesity40．highbloodsugar.Bothobesityandhighbloodsugarcanleadtoillnesses41．(include)cancer,cardiovasculardiseaseanddiabetes.”
DITcandifferdependingona42．(person)mealtimeandis43．(general)slowerintheeveningandatnight.DrRichtersaid:“Werecommendpatientswithobesityaswellas44．(health)peopleeatalargebreakfastratherthanalargedinner45．(reduce)bodyweightandpreventmetabolicdiseases.”
There’salotofconfusionaroundexercisingandeating.WhatshouldyoueatbeforeyouworkoutWhataboutafterHowlongshouldyouwaittoeatHowwillallofthisbenefityourgoaloflosingmorefatScientistshavenowansweredoneimportantquestion.
Inanewstudyresearchershadagroupofoverweightmaleswalkforonehouronanemptystomach,andthenhadthemwalkagainfor2hoursonanotherdayaftereatingagoodbreakfast.Theresearcherscollectedtheirbloodsamplesaftereatingorfasting(禁食)aswellasafterexercising.Theyalsotookfatsamplesdirectlybeforeanddirectlyfollowinganhourofwalking.
Theresultsshoweddifferencesingeneexpressionofthefattissueinthetwotests.Thetwogenestheylookedat,PDK4andHSL,increasedasaresultofthevolunteersfastingandexercising,anddecreasedwhentheyatebeforeexercising.TheresearchersbelievethattheriseinPDK4likelyshowsthatstoredfatwasusedtofuelmetabolism(新陈代谢)duringexercise，andthatHSLincreasedwhenthefattissueusedstoredenergytobenefitanincreaseinexercise.
AccordingtoDylanThompson,anauthorofthestudy,theresultssupporttheviewpointthat“fattissueoftenfacescompetingchallenges”.“Forexample,”hesays,“aftereatingthebodyisbusyrespondingtothemeal,andashortperiodofexerciseatthistimewillnotcausethesamebeneficialchangesinfattissue.”
Howlongdoyouhavetodeclinefoodtomeettheirdefinitionof“fasting”Thompsonsays,“Thebestadvicewouldbetomakesurethatyourlastmealwas4hoursbeforeexercisetogettheeffectthatwereported.”
12.Whatisthefocusofthestudy
A.Howwecanavoidgettingfat.
B.Whenwecaneatafterexercising.
C.Whatweshouldeattoloseweight.
D.Whetherweshouldeatbeforeorafterexercise
13.Whatisthefindingofthestudy
A.Exercisingbeforeeatinghelpslosefat.
B.Eatingagoodbreakfasthelpsusexercisebetter.
C.Anhourofexercisingisnecessaryforweightloss.
D.Fastingisbetterthanexercisingforburningoffstoredfat.
14.WhatdoesThompsonmainlywanttosayinParagrapoh4
A.It’sverydifficulttoburnoffstoredfat.
B.Fatcaneasilygetstoredinourbodies.
C.Wefacemanychallengeswhenexercising.
D.Exercisingaftereatingcan'tburnstoredfat.
15.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“decline”inthelastparagraphprobablymean
A.Share.B.Store.C.Refuse.D.Prepare.
It’spartyseasonandmanyofuswillbedancing,eatinganddrinkingtoomuch.Afteranightofsingingtocatchytunesfromthecharts,manyofuswillwakeupwiththemusicplayingoverandoverinourheads.
31AsurveyinBritainsuggeststhattheSpiceGirls’debuthit,Wannabe,isthecatchiestUKhitsingle.Thedatafrommorethan12,000participantswascollectedviaanonlineinteractivegamecalledHookedonMusic.32ParticipantswereabletorecognizethesongWannabein2.3seconds.Theaverageforotherpopularhitswasfiveseconds.Thisparticularsongspentsevenweeksatnumberonein1996.Sincethen,it’sfounditswayintopeople’smemories.
TheHookedonMusicideacamefromAshleyBurgoynefromtheUniversityofAmsterdamintheNetherlands.Hesaid,“Youmayonlyhearsomethingacoupleoftimesyet10yearslateryouimmediatelyrealizethatyou’vehearditbefore.33”
Andwhat’sthesecretofacatchytune34Dr.Burgoyneandhisteamwanttoidentifywhetherthemostmemorablepiecesofmusicsharedparticularcharacteristics.It’llallowthemtounderstandhowthemusicalmemoryworksandhelpresearchondementia(痴呆).Hesaid,“There’salreadybeensomeresearchthatshowsthatifyoucanfindtherightpieceofmusic,somethingthathadaverystrongmeaning,playingthatpieceofmusiccanbeverytherapeutic(治疗的).35”
TheothermostrecognizabletunesinDr.Burgoyne’sstudyareLouBega’sMamboNo5,Survivor’sEyeoftheTiger,LadyGaga’sJustDanceandABBA’sSOS.
A.Isitthelyricsorthechorus(副歌)
B.Somesongswillnevergoaway.
C.Whydon’tyoulikeacertainpieceofmusic
D.It’ssuchapopulargamethatmanypeoplelovetoplayit.
E.Thechallengeisfiguringoutwhatthebestpieceofmusicis.
F.Yetothersongs,evenifyou’veheardthemalot,donothavethiseffect.
G.Itispartofawiderexperimentwiththeaimoffindingoutwhatmakesmusicmemorable.
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Eatingisbestwhenit'sasocialoccasion.Thinkofthemealafamilyenjoysintheeveningwheneveryone'stogetherafterworkorschool,orthebigget-togethersoverfoodatSpringFestival.Butnow,intheageoftheinternetandsocialmedia,anyonewithaninternetconnectioncanenjoyasocialeatingevent.Mukbang--aSouthKoreanphrasemeaning“eatingbroadcast”--isanunusualfoodcrazethat'ssweepingthecountry.Thisisamealwhereonlyonepersongetstoeat,whileviewerswatchlivestreamsofhostsdevouring(吞食)largequantitiesoffood.
SowhyhavepeopletakentothisunusualnewfoodtrendJeffYang,anAsian-Americanculturalcritic,
thinksthatit'sdownto“thelonelinessofunmarriedoruncoupledSouthKoreans”.HebelievesthateatingonyourowncanbehardinacountrylikeSouthKorea,wheresocialeatingissuchalongtradition.However,mukbanggivespeoplethefeelingthattheyarepartofsomethinglarger,sotheviewerseatingaloneathomefeellikethey’resharingamealwithafriend.
Millionsofpeoplehavetroublewithfood.Eithertheyeattoomuchofit,ortoolittle.Somesaythatthepopularityofmukbanghelpspeoplewiththesedisorders.Thosewhoalwayseattoomuchandputonweightcanwatchmukbangstreamstosatisfytheirappetite.Andthosewhodon'teatenoughcanbuildtheirappetitebywatchingdeliciousfoodbeingeaten.
Thoughthechatteraroundmukbangvideostendstofocusontheirbenefits,therearealsosomewhoseereasonforconcern.TheresaKinsella,42,adietitian,saidinaphoneinterviewthatthesevideos“beautifyovereating,”promotedisorderedeatingandignorethepossiblerisksassociatedwithover-consumption.“Theshort-termhealthrisksarephysicaldiscomfort,gastrointestinal(胃肠的)distress,andtiredness,”Kinsellasaid.Asforthelong-termeffects,shecitedweightgain,heartdiseaseanddiabetes.
Abigeatingshow,ormukbanginKorean,isanonlineaudiovisualshowinwhichavloggerconsumeslargequantitiesoffoodwhileinteractingwiththeaudience.TheseshowsoriginatedinSouthKoreaandhavebecomeaworldwidetrend.
ThiseatingperformancehasrapidlyspreaditsinfluencetosomeAsigncountriessuchasJapanandChinawhereitbecamepopular.InChina,mukbangis'called“chibo”,inwhichmukbangersmaketheircontentintoshortvideosandvlogsanduploadthemontohugesocialmediaplatformslikeWeibo.
Manyhostsofsuchshowsbecomepopularfortheirabilitytoeatlargeamountsoffood,Buttheseshowshavealsoreceivedcriticismfortheirwasteoffood.OnAug12，CCTVexposedseveralChinesehostswhowerepretendingtoeatlargeamountsoffoodwhileoncamera,butactuallylaterthrewitaway.
AccordingtotheFoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUnitedNations,aboutathirdoftheworld'sfood1.3billiontonsiswastedeveryyear,InChinaalone,asitwasoncereportedthattheamountoffoodwastedinChinawasenoughtofeed200millionpeopleayear.
InJune2020，theUnitedNationswarnedthattheworldisontheroadoftheworstfoodcrisisin50years.
Todiscouragethispractice,manyvideoandlive-streamingplatforms,includingDouyin,KuaishouandBilibili,haveremovedvideosthatshowfoodwaste.
PeopleinChinahaverealizedtheneedforsafeguardingfoodsecurityandhaltingfoodwaste.InShanxiprovince，localrestaurantshavebeenaskedtoservehalfportionstoavoidwaste.TheWuhanCateringAssociationproposedthatrestaurantsadoptthe“N-1mode”.Forexample,agroupof10dinersshouldonlyorderenoughforninepeopleatfirst.Morefoodisonlybroughttothetableifrequired.
Inaddition,anationwide“ClearYourPlate”campaignhasbeenlaunchedonline.UsersofSinaWeiboareencouragedtosharephotosorvideosofemptyplatesafterfinishingtheirmeals.
7.WhydomanyhostsofmukbangbecomepopularA.Ithasbeenaworldwidetrend.B.Theyareexpertatattractingaudience.
C.Theyareabletoeatlargeamountsoffood.D.Theycanpretendtoeatalotinavividway.
8.What'sthemainideaofParagraph4
A.Thefoodwastehasbeenshocking
B.Chinaistoblameforwastingfood
C.Foodwasteintheworldisincreasingannually.
D.TheUnitedNationsispreparingforthefuturefoodcrisis.
9.Theunderlinedword“halting”inparagraph6canbereplacedby____
A.defendingB.quittingC.encouragingD.criticizing
10.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext
A.The“N-1mode"iscreatedtoreducecostonfood.
B.Videos,aboutfoodshouldbe,strictlybannedonline.
C.Chinesepeoplearetakingpainstofightagainstfoodwasting.
D.OnlyusersofSinaWeiboparticipatein“ClearYourPlate"”campaign.
I'vebeeneatingahigh-Fat,carbohydrate(碳水化合物)-restricteddietforalmost20years,sinceIstartedasanexperimentwheninvestigatingnutritionresearchforthejournalScience.IfindifseasyformetokeepahealthyweightwhenIeatthisway.Butevenaftertwodecades,thefeelingofbeingontheedgeofaslipperyslopeisever-present.
Researchersaregenerallypidedonwhyweoftenfailtostayondietsandwhatcausesobesity.Theconventionalthinking,heldbythelargeproportionofthemanyresearchers,isthatobesityisan"energybalance"disorder,andsothetreatmentistoconsumelessenergy((fewercalories))andspendmore.Whenwefailtokeepthisprescription,itsuggeststhatwesimplylackwillpower.
Theminoritypositioninthisfield—onethatDr.Ludwigholds,asdoIafteryearsofreporting—isthatobesityisactuallyahormondal(激素的)regulatorydisorder,andthehormonethatcontrolsthisprocessisinsulin(胰岛素).Itsignalsfatcellstogatherfat,whiletellingtheothercellsinourbodytobumcarbohydratesforfuel.Bythisthinkingthesecarbohydrates,particularlygrains,knownashighGIcarbs,aswellassugarsarelikelytomakeyoufat.
"Raiseinsulinlevelsevenalittle",saysDr.RobertLustig,aprofessorattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco,"andthebodyswitchesoverfromburningfatforfueltoburningcarbohydrates.Oncepeoplewhoare'carboholics,'gettheirinsulinlevelsdown,theybecomelesscarboholic.Andiftheystarteatingcarbs,theygorightbacktowheretheywerebefore."ResearcherslikeDr.LudwigandDr.Lustigbelievethatapersoncanminimizethesecarbohydratedesirebyeatinglotsofhealthfulfatsinstead.
Finally,anysuccessfuldietisbydefinitionalong-termcommitment.Ifwebuyintothelogicofcarb-restricteddiets,thenitimpliesacceptanceofalifetimerestriction.
12.Whatdoestheauthorfeellikedoingaccordingtothelastsentenceofthefirstparagraph
A.Keepingahealthyweight.B.Stickingtoagoodhabit.
C.Stoppingnutritionresearch.D.Breakingadiet
13.Whatdoestheauthorthinkleadtoobesity
A.Lackofexercise.B.Takingintoomanycarbs.
C.Lackofwillpower.D.Takingintoomuchcalorie.
14.Accordingtothetext,whatwouldDr.Lustigadvisecarbholicstodo
A.Reducecarbintaketotheleast.B.Consultdoctorsimmediately.
C.Consumeasmuchfataspossible.D.Workoutregularly.
15.Whatisthebesttitleofthetext
A.WhyiscuttingcarbssotoughB.Whatdoesahealthydietconsistof
C.Whoaretobelieve,themajorityortheminorityD.Howcanweloseweight
Iwaslateformyflight.Sweatingandoutofbreath,Iquicklymademywaytothe___20___.Afterboarding,Igreetedmy___21___:amiddle-agedwomansittingatthewindow,andalittlegirlsittingontheaisle（过道）seat.Itookmyplace___22___them.Ibegana（n）___23___withthelittlegirlwhowasbusy___24___herbook.Iaskedherafew___25___questions,suchasherage,hobbies,aswellasherfavoriteanimal.Ifoundit___26___thatsuchayounggirlwouldbetravelingalone,andIdecidedto___27___hertomakesureshewasokay.
Suddenly,theplanebeganextremeturbulence（(颠簸）.Thepilottoldeveryonetoremaincalm,becausewemet___28___weather.
Severaltimestheplanemadesharpdownsandturns.Somepeoplebegan___29___,andmanysittingrestlessly（烦燥地）andpraying.Iwassweatingwitheachincreasingly___30___shakeoftheplane.Meanwhile,thelittlegirlwassitting___31___besidemeinherseat.Hercolor1ingbookandcrayonswereputawayneatly,andherhandswerecalmlyrestingonherlegs.Tomysurprise,shedidn'tseem___32___atall.
Then,justassuddenlyasithadbegun,theturbulence___33___soon.Thepilotcameonafewminuteslaterto___34___fortheuncomfortablerideandtoannouncethatwewouldbe___35___soon.Astheplanebeganitsdescent（下降），Isaidtothelittlegirl,“Mygirl,Ihavenevermeta___36___personinmylife!Tellme,dear,howcanyouremainsocalmwhileallofusadultswereso___37___"Lookingmeintheeye,shesaid,"MyFatheristhe___38___,andHe'sTakingMeHome.”
Yes.Ifwerecognisethepowerof___39___,wewillfearnothing.
20.A.taxiB.planeC.stationD.crowd
21.A.friendsB.passengersC.neighborsD.colleagues
22.A.infrontofB.acrossC.behindD.between
23.A.conversationB.gameC.lessonD.action
24.A.showingB.pickingC.color1ingD.touching
25.A.specialB.generalC.seriousD.complex
26.A.strangeB.regularC.ordinaryD.lovely
27.A.believeinB.payavisittoC.keepupwithD.keepaneyeon
28.A.warmB.fineC.roughD.cool
29.A.laughingB.fightingC.runningD.crying
30.A.slightB.comfortableC.violentD.normal
31.A.sincerelyB.quietlyC.curiouslyD.nervously
32.A.worriedB.sleepyC.interestedD.excited
33.A.endedB.raisedC.crashedD.lifted
34.A.applyB.apologizeC.prepareD.wait
35.A.landingB.sinkingC.boardingD.flying
36.A.prettierB.youngerC.kinderD.braver
37.A.optimisticB.angryC.strongD.afraid
38.A.WinnerB.PilotC.RobotD.Volunteer
39.A.standardB.communicationC.beliefD.judgement
Theconsequencesofnoteatingabalanceddietmaybemuchmoreseriousthanwethought.Amajorstudy___36___(suggest)itcontributestooneinfivedeathsworldwidehasbeenpublishedinTheLancetrecently.About11milliondeathseveryyearmayhavebeenpreventedbytakinginfewerredmeat,sugarydrinksandfats.
Theseven-yearstudy___37___(look)atdietaryfactorsfrom1990to2018in195___38___(country)andfoundthatpeoplewereeatingtoomanyofthewrongtypesoffood,andtoolittleofthefood___39___(they)bodiesneeded.Andthatmaybe___40___importantreasonforarangeofdiseases.
“Thisstudysaysthatpoordietisresponsible___41___.moredeathsthananyotherriskfactorintheworld",studyauthorChristopherMurraynotedinarelease."___42___sodium(钠)，sugar,andfathavebeenthefocusofdebatesoverthepasttwodecades,ourstudy___43___(official)suggeststhattheleadingdietaryriskfactoristhelowintakeofhealthyfoods."
Theresultunderlinesthatthecurrentfoodeducationcampaignsaren'tquite___44___(effect).Thefindingshowsthatnecessarymeasuresshouldbetakenurgently___45___(balance)peoplesdietsaroundtheworld.
Eatingabigbreakfastcouldhelpyouburndoubletheamountofcaloriesthanifyoueatalargermealatdinner.
Itcouldbethekeytolosingweightwhilealsokeepingbloodsugarlevelssteady,researchersatLübeckUniversityinGermanysaid.Theirstudyfoundfillingupinthemorningboostsametabolism(新陈代谢)processknownasdiet-inducedthermogenesis(DIT).DITreferstothenumberofcaloriesthebodyexpendstoheatthebodyanddigestfood.Itwasshowntobetwiceashighforthosewhoatemoreatbreakfastthanatdinner.Ontheotherhand,alow-caloriebreakfastincreasesappetite(食欲),especiallyforsweets,theresearchersadmitted.
ThefindingspublishedintheJournalofClinicalEndocrinologyandMetabolismwerebasedonalaboratoryexperimentof16men.Theyconsumedalowandhighcaloriebreakfastanddinneroneday—andthenviceversa(反过来)onanother.Thestudyalsoshowedincreasesinbloodsugarandinsulinconcentrations,causedbyeatingameal,wasreducedafterbreakfast,butnotsomuchafterdinner.Theresultsalsoshowedeatingalow-caloriebreakfastcausedsweetdesireswithahigherappetite.Thissuggeststhosesavingalltheircaloriesfortheendofthedaymayfaceconsequencesbecausetheysnackmore.
Thestudyaddstoincreasingevidencethatthebestwayoflosingweightistoeatyourlargestmealinthemorning—andyoursmallestintheevening.DrRichter,aneurobiologistatLübeckUniversity,said,“Eatingmoreatbreakfastinsteadofdinnercouldpreventobesity(肥胖)andhighbloodsugar.”Bothobesityandhighbloodsugarcanleadtomanylife-threateningillnessesincludingcancer,cardiovasculardiseaseanddiabetes.PreviousresearchhasshownDITislowerinpeoplewithobesity.It’sseenasameasureofhowwellourmetabolismisworking.
DITcandifferdependingonmealtimeandisgenerallyslowerintheeveningandatnightduetoourbodyclocks.DrRichtersaid,“Werecommendthatpatientswithobesityaswellashealthypeopleeatalargebreakfastratherthanalargedinnertoreducebodyweightandpreventmetabolicdiseases.”
ProfessorDanielaJakubowicz,authorofTheBigBreakfastDiet,foundthatthosewhopiledonthecaloriesinthemorningweremorelikelytofeelsatisfied,preventingsnackingthroughouttheday.AndanotherstudybyProfessorJakubowiczfoundthateatingchocolateinthemorning,whenourmetabolismisatitshighest,preventeddesiresforsweetthingslateron.
12.WecanlearnfromthepassagethatDIT________
A.isusuallyslowerintheeveningthanduringthedaytime.
B.referstothenumberofcaloriesneededtoheatthebody.
C.hasbeenfoundbytheresearchersinaGermanyuniversity.
D.maybecometwicelowerwhenpeopleeatabigbreakfast.
13.Accordingtothestudy,eatingahigh-caloriebreakfastcan______.
A.causediabetesB.leadtoobesity
C.keepappetiteD.lowerbloodsugar
14.WhatarethefindingsofthestudyconductedbytheresearchersatLübeckUniversitybasedon
A.Theobservationofbloodsugarchanges.
B.Basictheoriesaboutdiet-inducedthermogenesis.
C.Thedatacollectedfromalaboratoryexperiment.
D.Differentexperimentsonpeoplewithdifferentappetite.
15.What’sthebesttitleforthetext
A.DIT:lowerinthemorningoreveningB.Aloworhighcaloriedinner
C.Abigbreakfast,oralargedinnerD.Lesscalories,betterhealth
Giant,krill-eatingwhalescouldgrowevenbiggerifthesizeandavailabilityoftheirprey(猎物）couldkeepup，anewstudyfinds.
Whalesaretheheaviestanimalstohaveeverlivedonourplanet.Thesemarinegiantsevolvedfromdog-sizedfour-leggedlandcreaturesandgrewnearly10,000timesbiggerinthepast50millionyearsorso,accordingtoNicholasPyenson,headoffossilmarinemammalsattheSmithsonian'sNationalMuseumofNaturalHistory.
Creaturesbenefitfromhavingabiggersizeinanumberofdifferentways,whetherit’snotgettingeatenbysmallercreaturesorhavingtheabilitytokeepwarmandtravelgreatdistancesmoreefficiently.Still,somewhalespeciesarebiggerthanothers,andtheydohavesomelimitstotheirsize.
Tofindoutwhattheselimitsare，researcherattachedmultisensorequipmenttomanytypesofwhales.Theresearcheralsoassessedpreytypeandquantityusingdifferentmethods.Forbaleenwhaleprey，theyusedacoustic(声学的)equipmenttotestthedensity(密度）ofkrillpatches.Fortoothedwhales,theylookedatthesizeandquantityofsquid(鱿鱼）beaksandotoliths(partsoftheinnerear)foundinthestomachsofbeachedwhales.
Puttingallthedatatogether,theycoulddeterminehowmuchenergythewhaleswerelikelytogetbackfromthefood.Fortoothedwhales,thelimitingfactorseemstobethesizeoftheirprey.Spermwhaleswerefoundtofeedmostlyonmedium-sizedsquid—possiblybecausetherearen’tasmanygiantsquidintheocean.Baleenwhales,likebluewhalesswallowmassivemouthfulsofkrillorothersmallcreature.Butthesesmallcreaturesonlyappearinlargeconcentrationsforafewmonthsperyearinsomeareas,whichmaybethelimitingfactorforthegrowthofthelargestwhales.
Aresearchersaidthatit‘snotcompletelyclearthatbaleenwhaleshavefinishedgrowing.“Perhapsseveralmillionyearsintothefuturewe’llseesomethingevenlargerthanabluewhale.”
12.Whatcanweinferfromthesecondparagraph
A.Whaleskeptgrowingduringevolution.
B.Whalesevolvedfromdogsontheland.
C.Whalesusedtobefour-leggedfish.
D.Thenumberofkrill-eatingwhaleswouldkeepup.
13.Howdowhalesbenefitfromtheirsize
A.Theyaremoreexpertattraveling.
B.Theycanproduceenergymoreeasily.
C.Theyhavebetterchancestosurvive.
D.Theycanbeeatenbysmallercreatures.
14.Howdidtheresearcherscarryoutthestudy
A.Testingthedensityofwhaleswithacousticequipment.
B.Usingdifferentmethodsfordifferenttypesofwhales.
C.Calculatingtheamountoffoodinbaleenwhales’stomachs.
D.Assessingthetypeandquantityofdifferentwhales.
15.Whatmaystopwhalesfromgrowingevenbigger
A.Theamountoffood.
B.Theavailabilityofequipment.
C.Thesizeoftheirstomachs.
D.Theconcentrationsofthewhales.
Eatinghealthyisn’talwayseasy,butcommittingtoahealthydietcanbethesmartestdecisionyouevermake.WhyNotonlycaneatingwellmakeyoulookandfeelbetter,itcanalsosaveyoumoney.___31___
Productivitycanbeincreased.Likeacar,yourbrainneedsqualityfueltorunefficiently.Asonewillexperienceincreasedfocusshortlyafterimprovingtheirdietwithnutritiousfoodsandsupplements,ahigherworkingproductivityisusuallytheoutcome.
Itbenefitsfinance.Ifyouremployerprovideshealthcoveragediscounts,countyourblessings!Youcansaveaconsiderableamountofmoneythroughthem.___32___Bysimplyswitchingtoahealthierdietanddroppingafewpoundsbeforeyouapplycouldsignificantlyloweryourcosts.
___33___Whatyoueathasanimpactonyourbrain,includingthepartsthatregulatemood.Maintainingstablebloodsugarthroughregular,propernutritionwillhelpyoufeelbetteroverallonmostdays.Foodsrichinvitaminsandminerals,seedsandfreshvegetablesforinstance,areassociatedwithalowerriskofdepression,asarefoodsrichinomega-3fats.
Youcancontrolyourweightbetter.MorethanhalfoftheAmericansareoverweightorobese,andobesitycontributesto1in5Americandeaths.Simplehealthychoicessuchasreplacingsodawithwater,choosingvegetablesinsteadofchips,andorderingasidesaladinplaceofFrenchfrieswillnotonlyhelpyouloseweight,italsocanhelpyousavemoney.___34___
Alylongerlifeisexpected.Thesamediseasesthatmakeyoufeelbadandcostalotofmoneymayalsodecreaseyourlifeexpectancy.Manystudiesshowahealthierdietlyleadstoalongerlife.
Yourbodyisyourtempleandyouarehousedinit,sotreatitnicelytowholenutrientfoodsthataregoodforit.___35___
A.Abettermoodismadepossible.
B.Itwillpreventyoufromgettingsick.
C.Inreturnyourbodywillserveyoubetter.
D.Thereisnoreasonnottoeatahealthydiet.
E.Hereareseveraltopreasonstoturntoahealthierdiet.
F.Besides,lifeinsurancecostispartlybasedonhowhealthyyouare.
G.Anormal-weightpersoncansavesome$3,000peryearonhealthcare.
Thesecrettoeatinglessandbeinghappyaboutitmayhavebeenfoundyearsago—byMcDonald’s.AccordingtoanewstudyfromCornellUniversity’sFoodandBrandLab,smallnon-foodrewards—likethetoysinMcDonald’sHappyMeals—stimulatethesamerewardcentersinthebrainasfooddoes.
Theresearchers,ledbyMartinReimann,carriedoutaseriesofexperimentstoseeifpeoplewouldchooseasmallermealifitwaspairedwithanon-fooditem.
Theyfoundthatthemajorityofbothkidsandadultschoseahalf-sizedportionwhencombinedwithaprize.Bothoptionswerepricedthesame.
Evenmoreinterestingisthatthepromiseofafuturerewardwasenoughtomakeadultschoosethesmallerportion.Oneoftheprizesusedwasalotteryticket(彩票),witha$10,$50or$100payout,andthiswasaseffectiveasatangiblegiftinpersuadingpeopletoeatless.
“Thefactthatparticipantswerewillingtosubstitutepartofafooditemforthemereprospectofalysmallmonetaryawardisinteresting,”saysReimann.“Oneexplanationforthisfindingisthatpossibleawardsmaybemoreemotionallyinspiringthancertaintyawards.Theuncertaintyofwinningprovidesaddedattractionanddesirabilitythroughemotional‘thrills’.Thepossibilityofreceivinganawardalsoproducesastateofhope—astatethatisinitselfpsychologicallyrewarding.”Inotherwords,there’sareasonwhypeopleliketogamble.
Howmightthisknowledgebeusedtohelppeopleeatmorehealthily
Onepossibilityisahealthyoptionthatoffersthechancetowinaspaweekend.Ormaybetherewardofahalf-sizedportioncouldbeahalf-sizeddesserttobeclaimedonlyonafuturedate.Thatwouldgetyoubackintherestaurant—andmakeyoueatalittleless.
12.WhatdowelearnaboutMcDonald’sinclusionoftoysinitsHappyMeals
A.Itmaythrowlightonpeople’sdesiretofindasecret.
B.IthasprovedtobekeytoMcDonald’sbusinesssuccess.
C.Itappealstokid’scuriositytofindoutwhatishiddeninside.
D.Itmaybeapleasantwayforkidstoreducetheirfoodintake.
13.WhatisthefindingoftheresearchersledbyMartinReimann
A.ReducingfoodintakeisnotthatdifficultifpeoplegotoMcDonald’smore.
B.Mostkidsandadultsdon’tactuallyfeelhungrywhentheyeathalfoftheirmeal.
C.Eatingasmallerportionoffooddoesgoodtothehealthofkidsandadultsalike.
D.Mostkidsandadultswouldchooseasmallermealthatcamewithanon-fooditem.
14.WhatismostinterestinginMartinReimann’sfinding
A.Kidspreferredanawardintheformofmoneytooneintheformofatoy.
B.Adultschosethesmallerportiononthemerepromiseofafutureaward.
C.Bothkidsandadultsfeltsatisfiedwithonlyhalfoftheirmealportions.
D.Neitherchildrennoradultscouldresistthetemptationofafreetoy.
15.WhatcanweinferfromMartinReimann’sfinding
A.Peopleshouldeatmuchlessiftheywishtostayhealthyandhappy.
B.MorefastfoodrestaurantsarelikelytofollowMcDonald’sexample.
C.Wecanleadpeopletoeatlesswhilehelpingtherestaurantbusiness.
D.Morestudiesareneededtofindouttheinfluenceofemotiononbehavior.
Itissurprisingthateatingthreemealsaday—breakfast,lunchanddinner—hasbeenacustomonlysince1890.Beforethistime,peopleonlyhadtwomealsaday—breakfastanddinner.
Dinner，however，wenttotheotherway.Inthe16thcenturyitwaseatenat11a.m.Yearslater,ithadmovedtotheearlyafternoon,thento5p.m.By1850dinnertimehadreached7p.m.Lunchisarecentidea.Itfirstappearedasasnacktofillthegapbetweenbreakfastanddinner.
9.Peopledidnothavelunch________.
A.until1890B.after1890
C.since1890D.by1890
10.“Dinner，however，wenttotheotherway”means“___”.
A.Dinnerdidn’tgotherewithbreakfast.
B.Dinnertookthesamewaywithbreakfast.
C.Dinnerisdifferentfrombreakfast.
D.Dinneristhesamewithbreakfast.
11.Breakfastbecameafamilymealsincethe_____century.
A.17thB.18thC.16thD.19th
12.Thepassageismostlyconcernedwith(涉及)_____.
A.whatpeopleeatforbreakfast.B.whatpeopleeatfordinner.
C.thehistoryofsupper.D.thehistoryofthethreemeals.
Emotionaleatingiswhenpeopleusefoodasawaytodealwithfeelingsinsteadofsatisfyinghunger.Believeitornot,we’veallbeenthere.HaveyoueverfinishedawholebagofchipsoutofboredomordownedcookieaftercookiewhilepreparingforabigtestButwhendonealot—especiallywithoutrealizingit—emotionaleatingcanaffectweight,healthandoverallwell-being.
Notmanyofusmaketheconnectionbetweeneatingandourfeelings.Understandingwhatdrivesemotionaleatingcanhelppeopletakestepstochangeit.Oneofthebiggestmythsaboutemotionaleatingisthatifscausedbynegativefeelings.Yes,peopleoftenturntofoodwhenthey’restressedout,lonely,sad,anxiousorbored.Butemotionaleatingcanbelinkedtopositivefeelingstoo,liketheromanceofsharingdessertonValentine’sDayorthecelebrationofaholidayfeast.Sometimes,emotionaleatingistiedtomajorlifeevents,likeadeathoraporce.Moreoften,though,it’sthecountlesslittledailystressesthatcausesomeonetoseekcomfortinfood.
Emotionaleatingpatternscanbelearned.Achildwhoisgivencandyafterabigachievementmaygrowupusingcandyasarewardforajobwelldone.Ifacryingboygetssomecookies,hemaylinkcookieswithcomfort.It’snoteasyto“unlearn”patternsofemotionaleating.Butitispossible.Anditstartswithanawarenessofwhat’sgoingon.
We’reallemotionaleaterstoadegree.Butforsomepeople,emotionaleatingcanbearealproblem,causingseriousweightgainorotherproblems.Thetroublewithemotionaleatingisthatoncethepleasureofeatingisgone,thefeelingsthatcauseitremain.Andyouoftenmayfeelworseabouteatingtheamountortypeoffoodyoulike.That’swhyithelpstoknowthedifferencebetweenphysicalhungerandemotionalhunger.Nexttimeyoureachforasnack,waitandthinkaboutwhichtypeofhungerisdrivingit.
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Ifourbodiesactuallysufferfromeatingtoomuchsugar,thenwhydowelikeitAndwhydon'twehavesuchastrongeagerforfoodlike,say,broccoli(西兰花)，whichisagreatsourceofVitaminC,VitaminKiron,allthingsourbodyactuallyneedsIfit'ssobadforus,thenwhydoessugartastesogoodTherearehundredsofjournalarticlestryingtoanswerthatveryquestion.Let'stakealookatwhatthey'vecomeupwith.
Studieshaveshownthatthelovechildrenhaveforsugarmaybebornwith.Inotherwords,kidsmayhaveabuilt-inloveofallthingssweet.Thepreferenceforsweetfoodsisfoundtobealreadyevidentinnewborns,whoprefersweeterformulas(配方).Italsoseemstobesharedbychildrengloballyacrossculturesandclimates.There’sfurtherevidencethatkids’tastebuds(味蕾)aremoresensitivetobitter-tastingfoods,furtherpushingthemtoreachforthesweets.Onestudyshowedthatadultstendtomaximizetheirsugarpreferenceataboutthelevelofsugarinacanofsoda,butolderchildrenstilllikeddrinksthatweretwiceassweet.Thescientistscouldn'tfindalimittotheconcentrationofsugaryoungerchildrenpreferred.Itturmsoutthatthekidsstilllikedthesugarydrinkevenpastthepointwheretherewastoomuchsugartobedissolved(溶解)inwateranymore.
Sugargetsabadfame,butitisn'tallbad.Sugarprovidesourbodieswithcalories,whichwecanthenchangeintoenergy.Children,inparticular,needthisenergytofueltheirrapidgrowth.Sugaralsohelpsusstorefat,whichcanbedrawnonlaterifneeded.Ourbodyknowstopursuethethingsitneedsastwowayofsignalingourbraintostarteatingwhatwe’remissing.
Asavegetarian(素食主义者)，IknowthatwhenIstartthinkingaboutstealingthepeanutbuttersandwichthat'sbeenfloatingaroundinmykid'sbackpack,it'sprobablynotbecausethesandwichissodelicious.It'smorelikelythatIhaven'tgottenenoughproteinfortheday.
12.Whatmakessomanypeoplestudysugar
A.Highsugarintake.
B.CuriosityaboutSugar.
C.Theloveforsugar.
D.Themagiceffectofsugar.
13.Whatdothestudiesshowabouteatingthesweets
A.Lovingsugarishuman'snature.
B.Avegetariandoesn'tlikesugarsomuch.
C.Theolderoneis,themoresugaroneneeds.
D.Theloveforsugardependsonlivinghabits.
14.Howdoessugarimpressusaccordingtothetext
A.Deadlybutirresistible.
B.Beneficialbutharmful.
C.Necessarybutnotwelcome.
D.Usefulbutnotnutritious.
15.Whydoestheauthorstealhiskid'sfood
A.Tostoremoreprotein,
B.Totreathisillness.
C.Toavoidhiskideatingmore.
D.Tomeetbody'sneeds.
I'maMuslim.OnceIwaseatingatarestaurant,wheretherewasafather___41___（seat)nexttomydeskwithhistwogirls.I___42___（overhear)theirconversation.Thegirlswere___43___（constant)askingabouteverythingandanything.AndIwasfascinatedbytheir___44___（curious).
Oneofthegirlslookedatmeandasked,"Daddy,whyisshewearingthatway"Herdadresponded___45___somethingthatmademyheartsowarm.Hesaid,"Therearedifferentreligions,culturesandlanguages.Wehavetorespectandlearnaboutthem."Hethenwenton___46___（share)hispersonalexperienceoflivingabroadandlearningtospeakSpanish.
ThisremindedmeofaHarvardstudythatIhadreadabout.Childrenwho___47___（expose)toracismtendtoacceptandembrace___48___asyoungasage3,andinjustamatterofdays.OnlyatthattimedidIrealizetheimportanceofthewayweteachchildrenaboutlove,acceptance,understandingandrespect.Itshouldstartfromanearlyage.The___49___（early),thebetter.Kidsimitatetheirparents'viewsandbehaviour.Itisyou____50____aretheirrolemodel.
Itoftenseemsthatsomepeoplepossesssuperhumaneatingpowers,allowingthemtoeatanentirepizzawhileremainingslim.Othersonlyeataslicebutgainfivepounds.Nowonedoctorsaysthere'sevidencethatgeneticscouldbebehindsomeofthesedifferences.Regardlessofhowmuchyoueat,yourweightmaybeoutofcontrol.
VannBennett,abiochemistatDukeUniversityandhisteamledanewstudyanddiscoveredwhythishappens.Theyengineeredmicetohaveseveralcommonmodificationsofthegenefoundinhumans.Theyobservedthatmicewhohadmutationsofankyrin-B(锚蛋白B的变异)tookmoreglucose(葡萄糖)intotheirfatcells,whichinturnmademorefat.Typically,thecellmembrane(膜)actsasabarriertopreventglucosefromenteringthesecells;thechangekeptthegateopen.Thechangemayserveausefulpurpose.“Probablythisisnotalwaysabadthing,”BennetttoldNewsweek.“Itcouldhelppeoplesurvivehungerinthepast.Buttodaywehavesomuchfoodthatitprobablyisabadthing.”
Dietershavelongbeentoldtowatchtheircaloriesandexercisemore,butthisnewfindingsuggeststhatacommonapproachdoesn'tworkforeveryone.Ourmetabolism(新陈代谢)naturallyslowswithage,makingithardertomaintaintheweightofour30-year-oldselveswhenwe're50.Nowaddanuncontrollableankyrin-Bgene,anditmayseemimpossibletostayslim.
Themiceinthestudygainedmoreweightwhenonhigh-fatdiets.Despitebeingstudiedinmice,theresearchersbelievefurtherresearchonthisgenecouldpotentiallycreateafieldofcustomizeddietsandhealthplansbasedongenetics.Bennettimaginessuchassessmentsbeingperformedatbirthoneday.Fornow,disappointeddieterscantakecomfortwithonesaying:It'snotyou,it'syourgenes.
8.Howdidamousegainweightwithmutationsofankyrin-B
A.Theankyrin-Bcouldmakethemouseeatmore.
B.Thefatcellsinthemousewouldtakemoreglucosetocreatemorefat.
C.Theglucosecouldfunctionasabarriertopreventthefatfromreducing.
D.Thecellmembraneinthemousecouldopenthegateoffatintothemouse.
9.Whatwastheeffectofthechangeinthepastinparagraph2
A.Itcouldhelppeopletoavoidfatfood.
B.Itcouldhelppeopletoabsorbmorenutrition.
C.Itcouldhelppeopletogetthroughthestarvation.
D.Itcouldhelppeopletoenjoymoredelicioussnacks.
10.Whyisitmoredifficulttostayslimwhenweareolder
A.Becausewealllackexercise.B.Becausewehaveankyrin-Bgenes.
C.Becausewewatchourcaloriesless.D.Becauseourmetabolismweakens.