参考文献(即引文5261出处)的类型以4102单字母方式标识,具体如1653下:
对于不属于上述的文献类型,采用字母“Z”标识。
对于英文参考文献,还应注意以下两点:
①作者姓名采用“姓在前名在后”原则,具体格式是:姓,名字的首字母.
如:MalcolmRichardCowley为:Cowley,M.R.,
如果有两位作者,第一位作者方式不变,&之后第二位作者名字的首字母放在前面,姓放在后面,
如:FrankNorris与IrvingGordon应为:Norris,F.&I.Gordon.;
②书名、报刊名使用斜体字,如:MasteringEnglishLiterature,EnglishWeekly。
二、英文期刊参考文献四大格式要求
一般来说，英文参考文献的格式主要有4种：APA格式、MLA格式、CMS格式、哈佛文献格式(HarvardSystem)。不管是引用还是标注，不管是期刊还是学术，都能从这4大格式中，找到对应的格式要求。下面就分别对这四种格式做一个简要的说明及举例：
1、APA格式
APA文内注的参考文献格式是：“(作者姓氏，发表年份)”.
APA文末的参考文献目录格式是：ReferenceList,必须以姓(Familyname)的字母顺序来排列，基本结构为：
①期刊类：
Smith,J.(2006).Thetitleofthearticle.ThetitleofJournal,1,101-105.
②非期刊类：
【作者】【发表年份】【书籍名】【出版地：出版社】
2、MLA格式
MLA是美国现代语言协会(ModernLanguageAssociation)制定的论文指导格式，多用于人文学科(LiberalArts)
MLA文内注的基本格式：“(作者姓氏，文献页码)”.
MLA文末的参考文献目录格式：在MLA格式中称为WorksCited,同样是以姓(Familyname)的字母顺序来排列，基本结构为：
Nwezeh,C.E.“TheComparativeApproachtoModernAfricanLiterature.”YearbookofGeneralandComparativeLiterature28(1979):22.
【作者】【书籍名】【出版地：出版社】【发表年份】
Winfield,RichardDien.LawinCivilSociety.Madison:UofWisconsinP,1995.
3、CMS格式
CMS文内注的参考文献格式是：“(作者姓氏，发表年份)”.CMS脚注和尾注(Footnoteorendnote)的格式为：
MacDonald,SusanPeck.“TheErasureofLanguage.”CollegeCompositionandCommunication58,no.4(2007)：585-625.
【作者】【书籍名】【出版地：出版社】【出版年份】
FirstnameLastname,TitleofBook(Placeofpublication:Publisher,Yearofpublication)，pagenumber.
CMS文末参考文献称为bibliography或者References,其格式为：
Lastname,Firstname.TitleofBook.Placeofpublication:Publisher,Yearofpublication.
4、哈佛文献格式(HarvardSystem)
是哈佛大学的论文参考文献标准，全名为：哈佛注释体系(HarvardSystem)，起源于美国，但是在英国和澳洲等国家运用得比较多，尤其在物理和自然科学领域。
哈佛文内注的参考文献格式是：“(作者姓氏，发表年份)”.
哈佛文末的参考文献目录格式为：
Lgnatieff,M.(2012)Keepinganoldflameburningbrightly.TheGuardian.
三、英文期刊参考文献如何直接引用
1.引用中的省略
原始资料的引用：在正文中直接引用时，应给出作者、年份，并用带括号的数字标出页码。若有任何资料省略，使用英文时，应用3个省略号在句中标出(…)，中文用6个(……);若两句间的资料省略，英文应用4个省略号标出(‥‥)，中文用6个(……)。若要在直接引用插入自己的解释，应使用方括号[]。若在资料中有什么错误拼写、错误语法或标点错误会使读者糊涂，应在引用后立即插入[sic]，中文用[原文如此]。下面是一些示例：
例一：TheDSMIVdefinesthedisorder[dysthymic]asbeinginachronicallydepressedmoodthatoccursfor"mostofthedaymoredaysthannotforatleasttwoyears(CriterionA)....Inchildren,themoodmaybeirritableratherthandepressed,andtherequiredminimumdurationisonlyoneyear"(APA,1994,p.345).
例二：Issac(1995)statesthatbipolardisorder"isnotonlyuncommonbutmaybethemostdiagnosticentityinchildrenandadolescentsinsimilarsettings....andmaybethemostcommondiagnosisinadolescentswhoarecourt-remandedtosuchsettings"(p.275).
2.大段落引用
当中文引用超过160字时，不使用引号，而使用“块”的形式(引用起于新的一行，首行缩进4个空格，两端对齐，之后每行都缩进)。
当英文引用超过40字时，不使用引号，而使用“块”的形式(引用起于新的一行，首行缩进5个空格，左对齐，之后每行都缩进)。
Elkind(1978)states:
四、英文期刊参考文献格式举例40例
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