Fromspreadingfakenewstofuellingonlinebullying,socialmediaisunderincreasingfire.Thequestionofhowtodevelopitspotentialwhilelimitingitsnegativeeffectsisoneofthebiggestofourage.Anditseffectsonchildren’sphysicalandmentalhealthisperhapsoneofthegreatestchallenges.Yetamongallthisdebateabouthowsocialmediahaschangedourlives,children’sexposuretoadvertisingonsocialmediaisrarelydiscussed.
Advertisingtochildreniswidelyregardedasethically(道德上)problematic.Youngchildrencannotdistinguishbetweenadvertisingandeditorial,orentertainment,content.Olderchildren,eveniftheycanunderstandthesellingintentionbehindadvertising,areoftenstillsubjecttoitsunconsciousinfluence.
Junkfoodadvertising,whichislinkedtoweightgainandobesity(过度肥胖),sharpensthisethicalissue.Governmentshaveadutytoprotectthebestinterestsofchildren.Yetveryfewcountrieshaveregulatedjunkfoodadvertisingeffectively.
RegulatorsdoseektoprotectchildrenfromtheharmfuleffectsofTVadvertising.However,theytypicallyfocusonadvertising“targetedespeciallyat”children.Thishasprovedtobefartoonarrow.Mostadsthatchildrenseeinbroadcastmediaorthephysicalenvironmentdonotspecifically“target”them.TheyareshownduringfamilyTVprograms,onbillboardsandbusshelters,oraroundsportsfieldswherechildrenwatchtheirteamsplay.
Since2010,theWHOhasrepeatedlystressedthatchildren’soverallexposuretojunkfoodmarketingneedstobereduced,whereverit’sencountered.Andnow,asthebroadcasteraisdominatedbysocialmedia,peoplearebecomingevenmoreconcernedthatadvertisingjunkfoodtochildrenisnothealthy—andnotethical.
Socialmediaplatformsholdavastdatabase(数据库)onalltheirusers,offeringadvertisersdetailedmenusofoptionsfortargetingads.Theydosonotonlywithageandlocation,butevenwithpsychologicalcharacteristicsandpreferences.Theplatformsidentifychildrenwhoaremostinterestedinjunkfoodanditsadvertising,therebyinfluencingthemmoreeasily.
Yettheverymeansoftargetingchildrenwithadsonsocialmedianowprovidesregulatorswithanopportunity.Ireland’sDepartmentofHealthadoptedanewcodeofpractice(行业准则).Thecodestatesthat“marketingcommunicationsforHFSS(highfat,saltandsugar)foodbymeansofsocialmediashallnottargetchildrenundertheageof15.”
Itremainstobeseenhowthecodewillapply.Itisonlyvoluntary,andthereisuncertaintyabouttheaccuracyofageinformationonsocialmedia.However,thisisasignificantadvanceonrecentonlinejunkfoodmarketingrestrictions,asitappliestoallsocialmedia.
（节选自theIndependent）
1.Accordingtotheauthor,thebiggestproblemwithjunkfoodadvertisingregulationisthat______.
A.theauthoritiesdonotprotectchildrenfromthenegativeeffectsofadvertising
B.theauthoritiesonlyfocusontheadsdesignedtoattractchildren’sattention
C.theauthoritiesdevelopunrealisticpoliciesonadvertising
D.theauthoritiesdonothavetherighttopunishsocialmediaplatforms
2.Paragraph6mainlytalksabout______.
A.whysocialmediaadvertisinghasdevelopedquicklyinrecentyears
B.whatsocialmediaplatformsknowabouttheirusers
C.howchildrenwillbeaffectedbyjunkfoodadvertisingonsocialmedia
D.whyjunkfoodadvertisingonsocialmediahasabadeffectonchildren
3.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsIreland’scodeofpracticeis______.
A.positive
B.negative
C.objective
D.unclear
单词：
1.fakeadj.notrealandseemingtobesth.itisnot,inordertodeceivepeople假的，伪造的
2.editorialn.apieceofwritinginanewspaperthatgivestheeditor’sopinionaboutsth.,ratherthanreportingfacts社论，社评
3.sharpen★v.tomakeafeelingstrongerandmoreurgent使（某种感觉）增强，加强
4.regulatev.tocontrolanactivityorprocess,especiallybyrules（尤指通过规章）控制，管理
→regulatorn.管理者，监管者
5.specificallyadv.relatingtoorintendedforoneparticulartypeofpersonorthingonly特定地，专门地
→specificadj.特定的，具体的
6.encounterv.toexperiencesth.,especiallyproblemsoropposition遇到，遭遇（尤指问题或反对）
7.characteristicn.aqualityorfeatureofsth.orsb.thatistypicalofthemandeasytorecognize特征，特性
8.identify/aI'dentIfaI/v.torecognizeandcorrectlynamesb.orsth.认出，识别
→identificationn.识别，鉴定
答案：1.B2.D3.C
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