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2018.06.25
假定你是李华，你的英国网友Peter上周在邮件中提到想阅读中国著名的小说，就此请你用英语给他写封回信。内容包括：
1.推荐一本小说；
2.此书内容简介；
3.给出阅读建议。
注意：
1.词数100左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.开头已给出。
Sample1:ADreamofRedMansions（关于《红楼梦》）
DearPeter,
I’mverygladtoknowthatyouhaveinterestinChinesenovels.TherearesomanyfamousnovelswritteninChinese,includingclassicalnovelsandmodernnovels,amongwhichIlikeADreamofRedMansionsmost.Itisaninterestingnovelandisexcellentbeyondcomparison.BasedonJiaandLin’slovestory,itdescribesatragedyaboutloveandthedeclineaboutabigfamily,whichexposesthesocialcrisis.
ThebookiswritteninoldChinese,whichisdifficulttounderstand.Sowhenyoureadit,you’dbettergetaChinesedictionaryreadyforreference.Inaddition,IsuggestthatyoushouldknowsomebackgroundknowledgeaboutQingDynasty.
Iwishyouwouldhavefunandlearnsomethingthroughreadingit.
Yours,
LiHua
Sample2:JourneytotheWest（关于《西游记》）
I’mverygaldtoknowthatyouhaveinterestinChinesenovels.JourneytotheWestisoneofthemostfamousnovelsinChina,whichtellsafantasticstory.NowIrecommendittoyoutosearchthebeautyofanunusualworld.
JourneytotheWestisamythological(神话的)novelbasedonmanycenturiesofpopulartradition.Thisnovelisabouttheman-likeMonkeyKingtogetherwithothertwodisciples(徒弟),GreedyPig,andFriarSand,protectsandattendstheirmaster,thepriest(牧师)San-zang,tothewesttoseekBuddhistsutras(佛经).Itisreallyatoughtrip,inwhichtheyfacevarioustroubles.Itisbelievedthatpeoplewhoeatthepriest’smeatcanliveforever;asaconsequence,manymonstersareeagertocatchhim.Facedwithsomanyproblems,theynevergiveupandintheend,theysucceed.
Whileyouarereadingit,youcouldmakealistofallthetoughdifficultiestheymeetsoastohaveabetterunderstading.Youcouldalsotakesomenoteswhentherearesomethingyouareconfusedabout.
Ijustcan’twaittotalkaboutthedetailsofthenovelwithyou.Anearlyreplyisappreciated.
Sample2:TheWaterMargin（关于《水浒传》）
I’mverygaldtoknowthatyouhaveinterestinChinesenovels.ThereisanovelnamedTheWaterMargin,whichisbeneficialforyoutolearnChinesecultureandhistory.
Thestoryisbasedonrealfactsandhasinspiredmanystorytellers.Therearemanynotables,strongmuscledheroesandintellectualphilosophersovercomingallkindsofdifficulties.Notonlydotheyhelppeopletosolveproblems,butalsotheyoftenfighagainstinjusticeandabuse.Whenitcomestothosegreatheroes,weChinesereadersalladmirethemverymuch.TherewasatimewhenIwassocrazyforthem.SoIbelievethatyouwillloveit.
Whatismore,Ihavesomeadviceaboutreadingthisnovel.YoucanchoosesomehistorybooksabouttheNorthSongDynasty(XIIIthCentury),whichhelpsyouhaveagoodcommandofthisnovel.Timepermitting,youcangotothelibrarytoreadsomebookreviews.
Bestwishes.
写作一
假设你是李华，在美国孔子学院的笔友Jack对汉字毛笔书法非常感兴趣，写信向你咨询学习毛笔书法的建议。请你用英语回信，内容包括：
1.学习毛笔书法的必备工具;
2.你认为学好毛笔书法的有效方式；
3.学好毛笔书法的好处。
1.词数100左右（开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数）；
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
3.参考词汇：书法calligraphy毛笔writingbrush砚台inkstone
【参考范文】
DearJack,
I’mgladtoknowyou’reinterestedinChineseCalligraphy.It’smypleasuretotellyouhowtolearnChinesecalligraphy.
Asweallknow,thefourtreasuresofthestudyarewritingbrush,ink,paperandinkstone,whichareessentialtolearnChinesecalligraphy.Astothewaytolearnit,Ithink,foronething,youmaystudythebasicstructureofeachChinesecharacterstepbystep;foranother,choosingagoodmodelbooktocopyisofgreatbenefittoyou.
ChinesecalligraphyisafineartoftheexcellenttraditionalculturesinChina.Notonlydoesitdogoodtohealth,butalsoitcancultivatemoralityandpurifyoursouls.
HopingyoucancometoChinatoenjoyitpersonally.
写作二
假如你是李华，你校将迎接英国学生代表团。作为学校书法社团的部长，请你写一篇发言稿，要点如下：
1.介绍书法用具；
2.阐述学习书法的好处；
3.邀请英国同学参与。
1．词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.开头和结尾已为你写好。
参考词汇：
书法calligraphy;
文房四宝theFourTreasuresofthestudy—writingbrush,inkstick,paperandinkslab
Dearfriends,
We’dliketoshareourculturewithyoubyintroducingyoutotheartofChinesecalligraphy.
Asyoucansee,alltheChinesecharactershangingherearewrittenwiththeFourTreasuresofthestudy---writingbrush,inkstick,paperandinkslab,whichenjoyalonghistoryandagoodreputationaswell.
ForChinese,calligraphyservesthepurposeofconveyingthoughtsandshowingthebeautyofthelines.NotonlyisitapracticaltechniqueforwritingChinesecharacters,butalsoauniqueartwhichcanhelppurifyoursouls.
Afterwards,we’llbreakintogroupssothatyoucanjoinus.Ipromiseyoucanfeelthebeautyandpowerofwriting.Pleaseenjoyyourselves!
写作三
邀请信：邀请外教参加书法讲座
假定你是李华，你校外教David对中国传统文化很感兴趣。学校邀请著名书法家沈鹏到校举行书法讲座。请给David发一封电子邮件，邀请他来参加并介绍讲座的有关事宜。
2.讲座地点：艺术楼演讲大厅；
3.活动安排：听讲座，讨论及提问，观摩名家即兴创作等。
1、词数100左右；
2、可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3、开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数;
参考词汇：calligraphy书法；improvisev.即兴表演
DearDavid,
I’mwritingtoinviteyoutothelectureonChinesecalligraphywhichistheartofwritingChinesecharactersandespeciallyreferstotherulesofwritingwithabrush.
ThelecturewillbegivenbyShenPeng,afamouscalligrapher,inthelecturehalloftheArtBuildingonMay15ththisSunday.AsfarasIknow,youlikethetraditionalcultureofChina,soyouwillenjoyit.
Thelecturewilllastfrom8a.mto11a.m,mainlyconsistingofthreeparts:oneandahalfhours’listeningtothelecture,halfanhour’sdiscussionandonehourforobservingthecalligrapherimprovisingonthespot.
Iwillbeverygladifyoucome.Lookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.
书法小知识
Calligraphy(fromGreek:καλλιγραφα)isavisualartrelatedtowriting.Itisthedesignandexecutionofletteringwithabroadtipinstrument,brush,orotherwritinginstruments.Acontemporarycalligraphicpracticecanbedefinedas'theartofgivingformtosignsinanexpressive,harmonious,andskillfulmanner'.
InancientChina,theoldestChinesecharactersexistingareJiǎgǔwéncharacters(甲骨文)carvedonoxscapulaeandtortoiseplastrons,becausethedominatorsinShangDynastycarvedpitsonsuchanimals'bonesandthenbakedthemtogainauspiceofmilitaryaffairs,agriculturalharvest,orevenprocreatingandweather.Duringthedivinationceremony,afterthecracksweremade,thecharacterswerewrittenwithabrushontheshellorbonetobelatercarved.(Keightley,1978).WiththedevelopmentofJīnwén(Bronzewarescript)andDàzhuàn(LargeSealScript)'cursive'signscontinued.Moreover,eacharchaickingdomofcurrentChinahaditsownsetofcharacters.
InImperialChina,thegraphsonoldsteles—somedatingfrom200BC,andinXiaozhuanstyle—arestillaccessible.
About220BC,theemperorQinShiHuang,thefirsttoconquertheentireChinesebasin,imposedseveralreforms,amongthemLiSi'scharacterunification,whichcreatedasetof3300standardizedXiǎozhuàn（小篆）characters.Despitethefactthatthemainwritingimplementofthetimewasalreadythebrush,fewpaperssurvivefromthisperiod,andthemainexamplesofthisstyleareonsteles.
TheLìshūstyle(隸書/隸书)(clericalscript)whichismoreregularized,andinsomewayssimilartomoderntext,havebeenalsoauthorisedunderQinShiHuangdi.
Kǎishūstyle(traditionalregularscript)—stillinusetoday—andattributedtoWangXizhi(王羲之,303–361)andhisfollowers,isevenmoreregularized.[26]ItsspreadwasencouragedbyEmperorMingzongofLaterTang(926–933),whoorderedtheprintingoftheclassicsusingnewwoodenblocksinKaishu.Printingtechnologieshereallowedashapestabilization.TheKaishushapeofcharacters1000yearsagowasmostlysimilartothatattheendofImperialChina.[26]Butsmallchangeshavebeenmade,forexampleintheshapeof广whichisnotabsolutelythesameintheKangxiDictionaryof1716asinmodernbooks.TheKangxiandcurrentshapeshavetinydifferences,whilestrokeorderisstillthesame,accordingtooldstyle.
StyleswhichdidnotsurviveincludeBāfēnshū,amixmadeofXiaozhuanstyleat80%,andLishuat20%.SomevariantChinesecharacterswereunorthodoxorlocallyusedforcenturies.Theyweregenerallyunderstoodbutalwaysrejectedinofficialtexts.Someoftheseunorthodoxvariants,inadditiontosomenewlycreatedcharacters,composetheSimplifiedChinesecharacterset.
TraditionalEastAsianwritingusestheFourTreasuresoftheStudy(文房四寶/文房四宝):theinkbrushesknownasmáobǐ(毛筆/毛笔)towriteChinesecharacters,Chineseink,paper,andinkstone,knownastheFourFriendsoftheStudy(Korean:,translit.文房四友)inKorea.Inadditiontothesefourtools,deskpadsandpaperweightsarealsoused.
Theshape,size,stretch,andhairtypeoftheinkbrush,thecolor,colordensityandwaterdensityoftheink,aswellasthepaper'swaterabsorptionspeedandsurfacetexturearethemainphysicalparametersinfluencingthefinalresult.Thecalligrapher'stechniquealsoinfluencestheresult.Thecalligrapher'sworkisinfluencedbythequantityofinkandwaterheletsthebrushtake,thenbythepressure,inclination,anddirectionhegivestothebrush,producingthinnerorbolderstrokes,andsmoothortoothedborders.Eventually,thespeed,accelerations,decelerationsofthewriter'smoves,turns,andcrochets,andthestrokeordergivethe'spirit'tothecharacters,bygreatlyinfluencingtheirfinalshapes.
Cursivestylessuchasxíngshū(行書/行书)(semi-cursiveorrunningscript)andcǎoshū(草書/草书)(cursiveorgrassscript)arelessconstrainedandfaster,wheremoremovementsmadebythewritingimplementarevisible.Thesestyles'strokeordersvarymore,sometimescreatingradicallydifferentforms.TheyaredescendedfromClericalscript,inthesametimeasRegularscript(HanDynasty),butxíngshūandcǎoshūwereusedforpersonalnotesonly,andneverusedasastandard.ThecǎoshūstylewashighlyappreciatedinEmperorWuofHanreign(140–187AD).
ExamplesofmodernprintedstylesareSongfromtheSongDynasty'sprintingpress,andsans-serif.Thesearenotconsideredtraditionalstyles,andarenormallynotwritten.