主在前,谓在中,宾语状语后面冲。短语定语住宾后,形代定语住宾前。间宾直宾紧相连,直间之间to,for连。宾补位于宾语后,地状常在时状前。
一,主语:是一个句子的主体,一般放在谓语之前,是动作的实施者。主语由名词,代词,数词,不定式,动词-ing形式或从句充当。
1.Maryisagoodstudent.(名词)
2.Unityisstrength.(名词)
3.Heenjoyswalkinginthefields.(代词)
4.Fourplussixisten.(数词)
5.Toworkhardisimportant.(不定式短语)
6.ItismyjobtoteachthemEnglish.(不定式短语是真正的主语,it为形式主语)
7.Smokingisbadforhealth.(动词-ing形式作主语)
8.Whenweshallgobackhasnotbeendecidedyet.(从句作主语,即主语从句)
二,谓语:用来说明主语的动作或状态,表明主语是什么,做什么,或怎么样。谓语由动词担当,可由各种时态的动词表示
1.Greathopesmakegreatmen.(动词)
2.Shelookedafterhimtwoyearsago.(动词词组)
3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.(助动词+动词)
4.ShecanspeakEnglishverywell.(情态动词+动词)
5.Thedictionaryismine.(连系动词+表语)
6.Shelookshappy.(连系动词+表语)
三,宾语:
表示动作的对象,是动作的承受者,由名词,代词,不定式,相当于名词的词或从句充当充当,一般放在及物动词或介词的后面。
(一)单宾语
1.Papercatchesfireeasily.(名词)
2.Hewilldoanythingforher.(代词)
3.Sheislisteningtoplaytheviolin.(不定式短语)
4.Hedoesn’tlikeswimming.(动词-ing形式)
5.Hesaidthathewouldcome.(从句,即宾语从句)
(二)双宾语(直接宾语sth+间接宾语sb)
常见的带双宾语的动词有:give,bring,buy,get,lend,make,offer,pass,teach,tell,write,read,show,send,leave,return
1.Motherboughtmeashirtyesterday.
2.ShetaughtusEnglishthen.
3.Isendmymothertwoletterslastmonth.
(三)复合宾语(宾语+宾语补足语)
有些及物动词带了宾语后,还需要有一个补足成分,才能使句意完整,即补充说明宾语,能都充当宾补的词有名词,形容词,副词,介词短语,不定式,分词(现在分词和过去分词)
常跟宾补的动词有allow,ask,advise,call,elect,keep,consider,make,see,name,have,get,help,wish,let,feel,hear,findsmell
1.Weelectedhimourmonitor.(名词)
2.Iwanthimback.(副词)
3.Cellphonesmakeitpossibleforustoanyonefromanywhere.(形容词)
4.Thedoctoradvisedmetohavemoreexercises.(不定式短语)
5.IheardMarysinginginherroom.(动词-ing形式)
6.Hehadhiswatchrepairedyesterday.(过去分词)
7.Pleasemakeyourselfathome.(介词短语)你请自便。
四表语:放在连系动词be,become,seem,feelturn(当“变得”讲时)等之后,用来说明主语的特征,状态,身份等,可以充当表语的词有名词,动词-ed形式或句子
1.Hebecamekingwhenhewasonlyachild.(名词)
2.Thebookishers.(代词)
3.Heisfreetoday.(形容词)
4.Hermotherwillbebacksoon.(副词)
5.I’msixteen.(数词)
6.Heseemedworriedaboutit.(动词过去分词)
7.Itissurprisingtohearthenews.(动词现在分词)
8.Theproblemishowtofinishtheworkaheadoftime.(不定式短语)
9.ThisiswhatIwanttotellyou.(从句,即表语从句)
五定语:用来修饰名词或代词,可作定于的词有名词,代词,数词,介词短语,不定式,动词-ing形式,动词-ed形式以及从句,定语分为前置定语和后置定语
1.YaoMingisanexcellentbasketballplayer.(形容词,前置)
2.Ronaldoisafootballplayer.(名词,前置)
3.Yourhairneedscutting.(代词,前置)
4.Thirtystudentsattendedtheparty.(数词,前置)
5.Heisinthesittingroom.(现在分词,前置)
6.Youcanseefallenleaveseverywhereinfall.(过去分词,前置)
7.Whoisthegirldancingoverthere(现在分词短语,后置)
8.Thehotelbuiltlastyearisthebestinthecity.(过去分词短语,后置)
9.Thisthehousewhichwevisied.(从句,即定语从句,后置)
通常用作状语的词有副词,介词短语,不定式,动词-ing形式,动词-ed形式,名词词组,从句等,状语一般放在词尾,但有的也放在句首或句中
1.Theplanewilltakeoffinafewminutes.(介词短语作地点状语)
2.Hecamelatebecauseoftherain.(介词短语作原因状语)
3.Shecuttheapplewiththeknife.(介词短语作方式状语)
4.Thereareplentyoffishinthelake.(介词短语作地点状语)
5.Theriverisverylong.(副词作程度状语)
6.Heranfasttocatchthetrain.(不定式作目的状语)
7.Shewokesuddenlytofindhimstandingnearthebed.(不定式作结果状语)
8.Turningtotheleft,youwillseethelibrary.(现在分词作条件状语)