1、1,SummaryWriting,Chapter5,2,Objectives,GiveanappropriatedefinitionforasummaryKnowthecharacteristicsofagoodsummaryLearnthetechniquesinsummarywritingLearnthestepsinsummarywritingPractice,3,I.Whatisasummary,Asummaryisashortenedpassage,whichretainstheessentialinformationoftheoriginal.Itisafairlybriefrestatement-inyourownwords-ofthecontentsofapassage.Note:yousimplyreportbackwhatthewriterhassaid,withoutmakingvaluejudgments.,4
2、,II.Characteristicsofagoodsummary,Canbeunderstoodwithoutreferencetotheoriginal;Isafaithfulreproductionof,orcontainsonlytheideasorinformationof,theoriginal;Isbriefwithoutanyunnecessarydetail;Isareadableunifiedwhole,5,III.Techniquesinsummarywriting,ParaphrasingToparaphrasemeanstocompletelyandcorrectlyexpressotherpeoplesideasinonesownwords.,6,Examples:,1.Youvecookedusallahotpotato.(atroublesomepersonorissue)2.Preventionisbette
3、rthancure.（预防胜于治疗。）(Itisbettertopreventsomethingunpleasantfromhappeningthantrytoputitrightafterwards.),7,Ithelpsusunderstandtheoriginalbetter.Ithelpsusgraspthecentralideaandthemainpoints.Ithelpsuswritesummariesthatarebriefandtothepoint,andinourownwords.,Theimportanceofparaphrasing,8,Readtheoriginalcarefullyandcomprehenditsmeaningwhollyandcorrectly.Considertheoriginalarticleasawhole,notinisolatedsentences.,Stepsofparap
4、hrasing,9,1.First,trytofindthemainideainthereading;itsusuallyinthefirstparagraph.Next,skimthroughthearticle,glancingatanyheadingsandgraphics.Then,readtheconclusion.Theintenthereisbothtogiveyourselfareviewoftheworkandtoeffectivelyengageyourselfwithit.,III.Techniquesinsummarywriting,10,2.Thengobackandreadtheoriginaltextcarefully,jottingdown（草草记下）notesonorhighlightingtheimportantpoints.Writethecentralideaandtheauthors
5、reasons(purposeandintent)forholdingthisviewpoint.Notethesupportingelementstheauthorusestoexplainorbackupher/hismaininformationorclaim.,11,3.Makeanoutlinethatincludesthemainideaandthesupportingdetails.Arrangeyourinformationinalogicalorder,forexample,mosttoleastimportantorchronological.Yourorderneednotbethesameasthatintheoriginal,butkeeprelatedsupportingpointstogether.Thewayyouorganizetheoutlinemayserveasamodelforhow
6、youdivideandwritetheessay.,12,4.Writethesummary,makingsuretostatetheauthorsnameinthefirstsentence.Presentthemainidea,followedbythesupportingpoints.Theremainderofyoursummaryshouldfocusonhowtheauthorsupports,defines,and/orillustratesthatmainidea.Remember,unlessotherwisestatedbyyourinstructor,asummaryshouldcontainonlytheauthorsviews,sotrytobeasobjectiveaspossible.,13,5.Asyoureviseandedityoursummary,compareittotheorigi
7、nalandaskyourselfquestionssuchas:HaveIrephrasedtheauthorswordswithoutchangingtheirmeaningHaveIrestatedthemainideaandthesupportingpointsaccuratelyandinmyownwords,14,6.Ifyouareaskedtowriteacriticalsummaryortoincludeacritique,youmaywanttoaskyourselfquestionssuchas:DoestheauthorsucceedHowandwhyorwhynotWhatarethestrengths,weaknessesWhyWhatdidtheauthordowellNotwellWhy,15,1.UsesynonymsorsynonymousphrasesHeha
8、dagoodcommandofEnglish.(HeknewEnglishwell.)2.ChangethestructureofsimplesentencesMybrotherhasanappreciationofmodernart.(Mybrotherappreciatesmodernart.),Waysofcondensation,16,3.TurncomplexsentencesintosimplesentencesHereceivedawelcomethatwasascoldasice.(Hereceivedanicywelcome.)4.CombinethesentencesHurryup.Ifyoudont,youllmissthetrain.(Hurryuporyoullmissthetrain.),17,WriteasummaryonhowtomanageyourfinancesWhenyoureaway
9、fromhome,yourparentsexpectyoutoberesponsibleforyourselfandthisincludestakingcareofyourownfinances.Tomanageyourmoneysensibly,youneedaplantoworkwith.Writedownyourallowanceandexpensesforthemonth.Whatyouaredoingisactuallybudgetingyourincome.Makesurethatyousetasideasmallamountforyoursavings.Onewayofcuttingcostiseatingin.Itischeaperthaneatingout.Moreover,bycookingyourownmeals,youhavegreatercontrolover,18,whatyoueat.Besidesthat,ifyouknowoffriendswholiveinthesameareaasyou,youmightwanttoconsiderdrivingtocollegetogether.Thissavesonpetrolandparking.Inaddition,whenyoushopforhouseholditems,comparepricesfromoneshoptoanotherbeforemakingyourpurchase.Ifyoucan,waitforsaleswhenyoucangetbetterdiscounts.However,saleswherepricesaremarkeddownincrediblycansometimestemptyoutobuythingswhichyoudontreallyneed.Therefore,becarefuland